Talking about the comprehensive prevention and control measures of facilities cucumber pests and diseases
In general, even if pests and diseases occur frequently during the cultivation of cucumbers in the facility, how to comprehensively control the facilities for cucumber pests and diseases? What are the types of cucumber pests and diseases? Let's take a look at it together.
There are many types of pests and diseases in the cucumber field, and the damage is heavy and the loss is large. The main diseases are downy mildew, target spot disease, powdery mildew, gray mold, black spot disease, bacterial angular leaf spot, bacterial gum disease, sclerotinia, anthracnose, blight, virus disease, root knot nematode Diseases, the main pests are whitefly, thrips, leafminer, leafhopper, aphids and so on.
1. Pest control
Seed treatment and seedbed soil treatment before sowing, reducing seed and soil bacteria, reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases during seedling period; using solar energy high temperature shack for 7 to 15 days during leisure period, using lime nitrogen, thiazolyl and other drugs and biological fertilizer treatment soil. Before planting, use the medicine to smoke the shed or spray the wall, the shed film, and the buffer room 1 or 2 times to kill the bacteria in the shed and reduce the number of pests.
2. Application of immune induction products
In the various growth stages of cucumber, immunosuppressive products such as amino oligosaccharide, Bihui 0.136% erythritol, 芸薹 芸薹 wettable powder, etc. can be used, and some new inducers such as chitosan and S-excitation can also be introduced. , chitin, etc., promote slow seedlings, improve plant immunity, optimize growth potential.
3, trap and block pests
One is the swatch trap. Use the yellow board to trap the locusts, whiteflies, spotted fly, and blue boards in the facility to trap the thrips. 40 pieces of traps are suspended per acre and replaced 4 to 5 times during the whole growth period. The second is to use insect nets. A 30-40 mesh insect net is placed at the entrance of the shed and the vent to block the invasion of pests. Disinfect the insect net with a isopropyl smog.
4. Ecological regulation
Adopting no drip film covering, promoting the under-film furrow irrigation and drip irrigation technology, the greenhouse is timely ventilated and dehumidified, and the application is carried out by using a precision powder machine or a thermal smoke machine to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse and reduce the incidence. Avoid flooding.
5, precise application
According to the degree of occurrence of pests and diseases, when it is necessary to control drugs, it is preferred to use high-efficiency, low-toxic, advanced pesticides to promote new types of biological pesticides.
For example, in the seedling stage, azoxystrobin, mycorrhizal, and chlorfenapyr hydrochloride can be sprayed to prevent seedling diseases such as rickets, blight, downy mildew and powdery mildew.
After colonization, a wide-spectrum fungicide such as mancozeb, copper hydroxide or chlorothalonil may be sprayed before the onset to prevent downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew and bacterial angular spot; Bacillus subtilis Prevention of gray mold, powdery mildew; selection of Trichoderma harzianum to control gray mold.
After the onset, it can be used to control downy mildew with dimethomorph, flumorph, fluorobacteria, propofol, fluthiazolone, propyl sulfonium, guanidine, manganese, zinc, etc. Oral azole, flusilazole, sputum, tebuconazole, fluorobacteria, trifloxystrobin, azole ether, fluoroamide, pyronium azoxystrobin and other drugs to prevent powdery mildew, target spot disease, scab, anthracnose; Use fluorobacteria, trifloxystrobin, azole ether, fluoroamide, pyronium azoxystrobin, boscalid and other drugs to control gray mold and sclerotinia disease, and alternate use, reducing the risk of drug resistance. Use chlorfenapyr or spray to prevent gray mold.
Use biological pesticides, such as poly-antimycin to prevent powdery mildew, gray mold, stagnation, downy mildew; neutrophin, chrysinmycin to prevent bacterial angular spot; nymidine to prevent viral disease; The root of the fungus is root-knot nematode. Rainy and snowy days are applied by spraying method or smoking method. For example, chlorothalonil is used to control downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, and isopropanol is used to control small pests.
In the early stage of the occurrence or occurrence of pests, the plant source or microbial source is used for insecticide and acaricide. For the whitefly, mineral oil, Beauveria bassiana and spinosad can be used; Oil, cucurbitine and other drugs; aphids can be used with cucurbitine, rotenone, pyrethrin, matrine and other drugs; thrips can be selected with ethyl spinosyn, doxorubicin and other drugs. The control of whitefly can promote the release of the larvae and the blunt cockroaches; the control of cockroaches can release the cucurbits of the cucurbits or the new cockroaches.
6. Precautions for chemical control
The protective fungicide can only be sprayed before the onset of the disease, and the systemic fungicide and its compounding agent should be selected after the onset. Cucumber downy mildew, target spot disease and bacterial keratosis are easy to mix, and can be mixed with effective medicine barrels and multi-target control. Due to the common occurrence of drug resistance and cross-resistance, use azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, oxypoxystrobin, metalaxyl, creamer and other compounds to prevent and cure cucumber downy mildew. Ester, ether fungus ester, pyraclostrobin, and picoxystrobin to prevent powdery mildew, caution with methyl sulphate, carbendazim, carbendazim, pyrimethanil and other drugs to control gray mold. In addition, care should be taken not to mix Bacillus subtilis with antibiotics and other bactericides; it is not possible to mix Trichoderma harzianum with broad-spectrum fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, azoxystrobin, and chlorothalonil.
7. Rational use of pesticide additives
The use of pesticide additives such as silicone is conducive to the dispersion of the drug, promotes the effect of the drug or prolongs the efficacy of the drug, and is also beneficial to the contact of the pests or the absorption of the active ingredients of the pesticide, thereby improving the control effect.
8, the application of efficient drug application technology
The use of high-efficiency application equipment, solar greenhouses and greenhouses to promote precision powder machine, thermal smoke machine and electrostatic spray technology. At present, the drugs suitable for the application of the precision powder machine include dimethomorph (controlling downy mildew), Bacillus subtilis (control of gray mold), Pseudomonas fluorescens (control of bacterial keratosis and bacterial gliosis) ), can significantly reduce the amount of application, improve efficiency, and reduce pesticide residues.
In summary, the most effective prevention and treatment method is comprehensive prevention and control, that is, aiming at the characteristics of pests and diseases, adopting “control of pests and diseases, partial pest trapping, plant immune induction, ecological regulation, precise and safe control of pesticides, rational use of auxiliaries, and high-efficiency medical devices. Application and other comprehensive technology prevention and control strategies to control the damage of pests and diseases within the allowable range.
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