Detailed collection of Chinese herbal medicine gastrodia harvesting and production processing technology
Gastrodia elata is a large Chinese herbal medicine in China. In recent years, with the improvement of people's health awareness, the sales volume and price of Tianma have been improved, which has also promoted the cultivation and processing of Tianma. In order to better harvest and process Tianma, Xiaobian today specially sorted out the harvesting and production processing technology of Tianma, and learn together.
1, harvest time
China's gastrodia cultivation areas are widely distributed, natural conditions, cultivation time and breeding methods are not the same, so the harvest time should be determined according to local natural conditions. Gastrodia elata harvest should be harvested during dormancy or before returning to growth. The winter harvest is “winter hempâ€, the spring harvest is “spring hempâ€, and the “winter hemp†quality is better.
In the north or high altitude areas of China, the growth cycle of gastrodia is short. Generally, dormancy begins in late October. In order to prevent the freezing of gastrodia elata, it should be harvested before the beginning of November. In the south and low altitude areas, the growth cycle of gastrodia is longer, usually in October. It will stop growing from late to mid-January, and the time when Tianma enters dormancy is late. It should be harvested from late November to December, or harvested before the end of March next year.
2, harvesting method
Before harvesting, remove the weeds or coverings on the ground, and then dig the soil layer covering the gastrodia. When approaching the growing layer of the gastrodia, slowly plan the soil layer, uncover the bacteria, and carefully remove the gastrodia from the cockroaches. Strictly prevent bruises, and carefully put the hemp, rice, and white hemp into the containers of the bamboo rafts that contain Tianma. Can not be filled with fertilizer, salt, alkali, acid and other containers with gastrodia.
3, processing
(1) Classification
The size of Gastrodia directly affects the steaming time and drying rate. It should be graded according to the size and weight of Gastrodia before processing. It is generally divided into 3 grades.
First class: a single weight of 150g or more, the shape is thick, not curved, elliptical or long oval, no insects, bruises, yellowish white, arrow buds intact.
Second-class: single weight 75-150g, long oval, part of the pockmark, no insects, bruises, yellow-white, arrow buds intact.
Third-class: a single weight of 75g or less or some insect damage, bruises, yellowish white or a small part of brown, allowing the arrow buds to be incomplete.
(2) cleaning
Wash the graded gastrodia quickly with water, do not remove the scales, do not scrape the skin, and keep the top buds intact. The washed gastrodia should be processed in time to maintain fresh color and quality.
(3) steaming
Different grades of gastrodia are separately steamed in a steamer, and the time after the steam temperature is higher than 100 °C, first-class hemp steaming for 20-40 minutes, second-class hemp steaming for 15-20 minutes, third-class hemp steaming for 10-15 minutes . Steamed to no white heart, not transparent or too transparent.
(4) air-cooling
The steamed Tianma is spread out to cool and dry the moisture on the surface of the hemp.
(5) Drying
1 Tianma, which has dried the water vapor, is transported to the drying room in time and evenly spread on the bamboo curtain or wooden frame;
2 Heat the oven to 40-50 °C. Bake for 3-4 hours; then raise the temperature of the oven to 55-60 ° C, bake for 12-18 hours, until the surface of the body is slightly wrinkled;
(3) The gastrodia elata after high temperature baking is concentrated in a resurgence room, and sealed at room temperature for 12 hours, until the surface of the hemp body is flat;
4 After the re-emergence, the gastrodia will continue to bake at a low temperature of 45-50 °C for 24-48 hours, and then bake to the Tianma tubers five or six thousand;
5 and then press the previous method to regain moisture until the body is soft and then manually set;
6 Repeat the low temperature drying and resizing setting steps until drying.
4, packaging
After the Tianma is dried, it should be packaged in time. Before packaging, the inferior products and foreign objects should be inspected and removed. The plastic box and box with white paper should be used as the packaging container. The packing box and box should be clean, dry and free of pollution. Requirements for the Quality Management of Materials Production. The size of the box is as needed. Each batch of packaging medicinal materials must establish a packaging record, including the name, specification, origin, batch number, weight, packaging date, production unit, and precautions.
5, storage
The packaged gastrodia should be stored in the storage in time. The storage should be ventilated, dry and protected from light. If necessary, air conditioning and dehumidification equipment should be installed, and measures against rodents and insects should be taken. Do a good job of environmental sanitation inside and outside the warehouse to reduce the source of pests and diseases and breeding grounds. Control the warehouse temperature at 15 ° C, relative humidity below 80%, to prevent insects and mildew.
6, transportation
When transported by Tianma, it should not be mixed with other toxic, harmful and easily odorous substances. The means of transport should be clean, non-polluting, and have good ventilation to keep it dry. In case of cloudy weather, it should be tightly protected from moisture.
The above is the detailed explanation of the harvesting and production processing technology of Tianma compiled by Huinong.com, have you learned it? What other methods of harvesting and processing Tianma do you have? You are welcome to leave a comment below.
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