Current epidemic characteristics and prevention and control measures of swine diseases
I. Epidemic features of swine fever Since 2006, the outbreak and epidemic of severe swine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (commonly known as blue-ear ear disease) have caused China's pig-breeding industry to undergo a heavy blow, with huge losses.
The disease is characterized by high morbidity and high mortality: the incidence of pigs is between 50% and 100%, and the mortality is between 20% and 100%. Clinically typical "blue ear" symptoms can be seen.
What is the status of blue ear disease?
1. Multiple infections of pathogens Continue to aggravate multiple infections or mixed infections of pathogens is the main epidemic form of swine diseases in recent years. The incidence of swine herniation is often not caused by a single pathogen, but by the synergy between two or more pathogens (also known as Co-infections often result in high morbidity and high mortality rates in pigs. The harm is extremely serious and difficult to control.
Major multiple infections: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), swine fever virus (CSFV), swine influenza virus (SIV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), pneumonia Mycoplasma.
The porcine circovirus type 2 infection is on the rise. In recent years, with the widespread prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variant strains, the infection rate of porcine circovirus type 2 has been on an upward trend and detection from clinical samples has been detected. The rate is even higher than that of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. It has become one of the major pathogens associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-infection, and its pathogenicity is worthy of attention.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have the most serious dual infections - resulting in double immunosuppression and reduced resistance in the pig population.
2. Bacterial secondary infections include Haemophilus parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella multocida, Eperythrozoon suis, and bacterial secondary infection in pigs infected with PRRSV. The infection is very serious.
Haemophilus parasuis has risen again and the incidence is very common. In many pig farms, Haemophilus parasuis disease has re-emerged due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants and porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Occurred mainly in the nursery phase, especially in the later period of childcare, became the main secondary infectious disease, and the mortality rate was high. Clinical manifestations of respiratory symptoms, death of pigs showed pericarditis, pleurisy, peritonitis and arthritis. Once the Haemophilus parasuis disease occurs, all kinds of antibacterial drugs are difficult to work.
3. The swine flu epidemic must pay attention to the increase in the number of affected pigs; the types of influenza virus increase and the complexity increases
4. Epidemic situation of swine fever The incidence of swine fever has increased. The quality of swine fever vaccine deserves attention. Attention should be paid to the monitoring of vaccine immunity.
5. The complexity and difficulty of control of swine farm diseases further exacerbated porcine circovirus type 2, swine fever, pseudorabies, swine flu, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, and bacterial diseases.
Second, prevention and control measures
1. Raising Awareness and Cognition A: Fully understanding the status of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in current swine disease
Pig blue ear disease is the primary disease, multiple (mixed) infections of other pathogens, and bacterial diseases are mostly secondary infections.
Cognitive 2: Vaccine-only control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is unrealistic. Immune control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a worldwide problem, variability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, cross-immune protection between strains, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Neutralizing antibodies induced by live vaccines are produced late and at low levels.
Cognition 3: The prevention and control of swine fever should attach great importance to the selection of good quality vaccines, strengthen the monitoring of the incidence of swine fever in pigs, and monitor the effectiveness of vaccines.
2. Establish the concept
Three concepts: to focus on prevention, prevention and treatment, and comprehensive prevention and control.
3. Control measures Objectives - to reduce morbidity and mortality, improve pig survival, reduce the infection rate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, reduce the multiple infection rate of pathogens, and maximize the control of bacterial disease.
1 Steps to strengthen the biological safety of pig farms Pig farm environmental disinfection: reduce the pollution of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and other pathogens in the environment as well as the spread between pigs and pigs; limit the entry and exit of people and flow, prohibit Non-field personnel enter the farm and thoroughly disinfect the transport vehicles and work; disinfect the pigs, reduce the infection rate of the pig herds of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the pigs, and the pollution rate of the poisoned pigs due to detoxification; In case of outbreaks, pig farms should isolate and eliminate diseased pigs in time, and dead pigs should be buried or incinerated to prevent the spread of pathogens. Stop the introduction or purchase of pigs from the area or farm where the outbreak occurred, and cut off all possible sources of transmission.
2Strengthen the feeding and management of herds and increase the resistance. Carefully feed and manage the herd, use good materials, ensure sufficient nutrition of the herd, improve the health of the herd, make the ventilation and cooling of the pig house, keep warm and keep warm, reduce and eliminate the pigs. Stress factors in herds; Inheritance of herds is enhanced through the use of some immune-enhancing and anti-stress agents and nutritional supplements.
3 Adhere to drug prevention and health care Do a good job of drug prevention and health care for pigs and control bacterial secondary infection in pigs. Effective control of bacterial secondary infections in pigs is a problem that must be highly regarded in actual pig production. The focus should be controlled by Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Prenatal and postpartum stages of gestating sows, pre-weaning and post-weaning, and transition and growing-finishing stages of sows, selection of long-acting oxytetracycline, ceftiofur, tiamulin, oxytetracycline and amoxicillin , tylosin + sulfonamides, lignocin, florfenicol, tilmicosin and other drugs for prevention. A single needle of long-acting oxytetracycline was injected at 3, 7 and 21 days of piglets at a dose of 0.3 to 0.5 ml per pig at a time; 1 dose of ceftiofur was injected at 28, 35 and 42 days of age per pig. Times 0.2 to 0.3 ml.
Health care for suckling piglets and nursery pigs: Available florfenicol or ceftiofur injections, depending on the probable phase of Haemophilus parasuis, at different ages of suckling and nursery pigs (3, 7, 21, 28, 35, 42 days of age) use. Compound florfenicol and cephalosporins are effective drugs for preventing secondary infections such as Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus. Can add some antibiotics in feed or drinking water (such as Jiakang, tiamulin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, amoxicillin, "Ailexin", Tengjun " Chun An", etc.)
Health care for grow-finishing pigs: Pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are often susceptible to respiratory disease at 80 to 120 days of age. This stage is also an epidemic phase of infectious pleuropneumonia and should therefore be controlled. The focus is on pleuropneumonia. After the pigs have been transferred to the diet, florfenicol (such as Gagacon) + sulfaamide and other antibacterial drugs can be added to the feed continuously for 1 to 2 weeks.
4 The use of the PRRSV vaccine for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome live vaccines is rational and scientific. Recommendation: There is a PRRSV-infected farm and the nurses are immunized 1 pre-weaning. It has been proposed that the nasal drops at 1 day of age, but the specific effect of the situation on the farm is not the same. Looking forward to safer, more effective live attenuated vaccines.
5 Scientific and rational use of vaccines. The pig swine vaccine, pseudorabies vaccine, and swine gasping vaccine were used to immunize pigs; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine was used for immunization. Reduce the use of unnecessary vaccines and adopt sound and scientific immunization procedures. Affected pigs should stop using various vaccines.
6Scientific and rational use of therapeutic drugs to reduce the use of therapeutic drugs, especially antibacterial drugs, to the symptomatic treatment of the disease as far as possible and to improve the resistance to the purpose of measures. Symptomatic treatment of the affected pigs, do not use the early stage of the disease in pigs, fever, antibacterial and other drugs, can add electrolysis in drinking water multidimensional, 5 to 7 days can be appropriate to take some symptomatic therapy; can add some antibiotics in drinking water or feed, In order to control the secondary infection of pigs, the mortality rate of the affected pigs was reduced.
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