Causes and prevention measures of sow lactation disorders
What if the sow does not produce milk to feed the piglets? Postpartum lactation is a normal physiological activity that occurs primarily for suckling piglets and can be divided into two separate and related processes, namely milk secretion and excretion. If the pig farmers do not lactate their own sows, do you know?
1 normal lactation process
Milk secretion refers to the fact that breast cells are formed by ingesting nutrients in the blood to form milk and secreting them into the cavity of the breast. Only when piglets suck the sow's nipples and cause neuroendocrine reflexes in the body can the milk be expelled from the acinar and catheter system. When piglets suck the sow's nipple and stimulate the nerve receptors on the nipple, it will promote the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland, and also promote the secretion of oxytocin in the posterior pituitary. The myoepithelial cells around the acinar cavity contract under the stimulation of oxytocin, and the milk is forced to flow through the catheter system to the nipple. This process is called milking or milking. Both of the above processes are receptor fluid and neuroregulatory.
Milk production. When the sow is in labor, it induces lactation of the breast cells under the action of prolactin. The milk is produced from the secretory epithelial cells of the mammary gland and the small milk duct. The globulin, hormones, enzymes, inorganic salts and vitamins contained in the milk are obtained by selectively absorbing and concentrating blood directly from the secretory cells.
Regulation of milk secretion. Sow labor is a rapid decrease in the concentration of progesterone in the body, prompting the body to release a large amount of prolactin, thereby stimulating milk production. That is to say, the formation of milk and the maintenance of milk production require the participation of prolactin. In addition, prolactin levels gradually increase with nipple stimulation, mainly due to the number of stimulated nipples and the length of duration is positively correlated with prolactin levels.
2 cause analysis
Nutritional factors. The various stages of sow pregnancy, due to feeding unreasonable feed, improper feeding, etc., lead to too thin or too fat, resulting in the disease. The sow's condition is over-fertilized, mainly due to the excessive feeding of the diet in the middle and late pregnancy or the high level of energy in the feed, which leads to the deposition of a large amount of fat in the mammary gland, which hinders the development of the mammary gland. Sows are too thin, mainly due to lack of nutrition during the middle or late pregnancy or during lactation. Feeding fewer diets can also lead to inhibition of breast acinar development and milk secretion. In addition, sudden replacement of feed by sows leads to digestive disorders, which can also result in reduced feeding and affecting lactation due to inadequate nutrition. Less sow drinking water can also lead to decreased feed intake, which can easily induce constipation and mastitis, leading to lactation disorders.
envirnmental factor. The space in the delivery room is too small, the ventilation is poor, the light is lacking, the noise is easily disturbed, there is a high concentration of harmful gas, the production bed is not strictly cleaned and disinfected, etc., can cause inflammation of the breast, leading to inflammatory swelling of the mammary gland and breast acinus. Blockage, causing milk retention, feedback hindering the production of hormones from the milk and the production of milk hormones, resulting in decreased lactation. Sows lie on wet ground, combined with poor sanitary conditions, can easily lead to infection of the nipple and birth canal; breast and nipples are not cleaned and disinfected during labor, which can cause lactation disorders.
Stress factor. The sow is transferred to the bedbill approximately 7 days before delivery, and the lactation is affected by changes in the environment, excessive tension during childbirth, excessive physical exertion, and prolonged labor, resulting in a postpartum weakness. In addition, pregnant sows are suddenly frightened or rude, and pre-natal or lactation is prone to stress due to injections of antibiotics or vaccines, as well as during the lactation.
3 clinical symptoms
Sows show signs of depression, loss of appetite, normal or slightly elevated body temperature, often excreting dry dark brown spheroidal feces, and a few severe symptoms will discharge feces with yellow-white mucus or blood clots; At the time of diagnosis, a solid swelling was found, a lactation disorder occurred, and sometimes the breast was accompanied by obvious redness and swelling, which made it refuse to suck the piglets. If the sow is milk-free or can only discharge a small amount of thin, nutrient-free milk, the breasts are highlighted by swelling and the skin is bright, and some are accompanied by symptoms of urgency, frequent urination or urinary excretion. If it is 3~5 If you do not control it in time, it will easily cause breast gangrene, which can lead to systemic infection, rapid increase in body temperature, stop eating, and completely lose breastfeeding ability.
4 Prevention measures
Strengthen feeding management. Sows should be fed a good quality full-price compound feed during pregnancy, and also fed a certain amount of green and juicy feed to prevent over-fertilization. Before the delivery of the sow, it is forbidden to feed too much concentrate to avoid constipation after birth; proper restriction of feeding before birth can prevent the sow from eating out after birth, prevent lactation, and inhibit the occurrence of mastitis; Afterwards, the amount of feeding should be gradually increased, and after a 7-day transition, it can be fed in the normal amount. 7 to 10 days before the delivery of the sow, it is necessary to ensure that the sunbathing is about 2 hours every day, and the proper amount of exercise is beneficial to the childbirth, and the lactation function is improved.
Drug control. Sows can be fed Chinese medicine preparations 2 to 3 days after delivery. Generally, Yimu Biochemical Powder (main ingredients are motherwort, peach kernel, safflower, angelica, etc.) is used. It has Wenjing analgesic, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, tonifying qi and blood. Its role can accelerate the recovery of postpartum uterus, stimulate milk secretion, but also has a good effect on postpartum prone to endless dew, incomplete fetus, lack of blood, blood stasis and abdominal pain. Use 100~150g each time, add appropriate amount of boiling water to soak or add water to cook, then add 250~300g brown sugar and 58g calcium hydrogen phosphate to the liquid medicine, mix and evenly fill, and the remaining dregs can be added to the feed. Once a day, use for 3 consecutive days.
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