Ten taboos for chemical fertilizer application

Avoid nitrogen fertilizer shallow application. Because the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the shallow layer, it is easy to decompose and volatilize nitrogen after being exposed to sunlight, among which the ammonium bicarbonate is especially volatile. Therefore, we must change the habit of surface application and take a deep-seated approach to prevent the volatilization of nitrogen. Avoid applying a chemical fertilizer alone. Single application of a fertilizer will result in the destruction of the soil aggregate structure, harden the texture, cause the soil to become acid or alkali, and seriously destroy its physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the application of a single chemical fertilizer will also affect the reproductive activities of soil beneficial microorganisms and reduce soil activity. Therefore, a rational formula fertilization should be used to achieve a mixture of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Avoid ammonia or ammonium bicarbonate in greenhouses or greenhouses. Because greenhouses or greenhouse ecological environment are in high temperature and closed environment, these two kinds of fertilizers are extremely easy to volatilize under high temperature conditions. The higher the temperature, the faster the “ammonia” volatilizes and the more volatilization amount will make ammonia smog Plants interfere with normal growth. Avoid excessive application of high-concentration fertilizer. Neither nitrogen fertilizer nor organic fertilizer should be overdosed. For example, if the urea nitrogen content is as high as 46%, if the application dose is too large and the concentration is too high, the roots of crops will appear to “suck down” and the roots will be damaged. Rotten roots died. To achieve "eat fewer meals," apply the principles of fertilization. Do not ignore the nature of fertilizers, chaos mixed with two kinds of fertilizer. For example, some “ammonia nitrogen” fertilizers should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash, lime, and phosphate fertilizers. Otherwise, acid and alkali neutralization will not only accelerate nitrogen volatilization, but also result in soil compaction. Avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers on leguminous crops. Legumes such as soybeans, peanuts and mung beans have rhizobia attached to their roots. If nitrogen fertilizers are applied too much, they will directly impair the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizobia, develop "inertness" and reduce the ability to fix nitrogen. If the soil in which legumes are planted is extremely deficient in nitrogen fertilizer, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in combination with the phosphorus fertilizer, and balanced fertilization effects can be received. Avoid excessive use of chlorinated fertilizers for sensitive crops. Such as tobacco, oranges, potatoes, grapes and other crops, are very sensitive to chlorinated fertilizers, and avoid allocating too much chlorine fertilizer to such crops at one time. Avoid application or surface application of phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus has little mobility in the soil, and shallow application (sprinkling, surface application) makes phosphorus stay on the surface, cannot reach the deep layer of the soil, and cannot be absorbed by crop roots, thereby greatly reducing the fertilizer efficiency of phosphorus application. Avoid sunny afternoon at noon for foliar spray fertilizer. Because the temperature is high at noon in the summer and sunny days, if the roots are sprayed at this time, not only the fertilizers evaporate quickly, but also the fertilizer on the young branches and leaves will burn the crops, which will waste the fertilizer and hinder the normal growth of the crops. The best fertilization time should be on a hot day morning or evening. Avoid fertilization before heavy rain. Before the heavy rainfall or rainfall arrives, fertilization can easily be washed away. In particular, water-soluble urea, superphosphate and other nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers should not be used before heavy rainstorms. China Agricultural Network Editor

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