Peanut fruit ripening period management
The full-fruit ripening period of peanuts means that half of the plants have full pods until the majority of the pods are full and full, that is, a period of ripe harvest. The mid-maturing varieties lasted about 35 to 45 days, the very early-maturing and early-maturing varieties were shorter, the late-maturing varieties were longer, and the summer live-seeded peanuts were similar to or slightly longer than the spring-sown varieties. The increase in fruit weight during this period can generally account for more than 60% of the total weight. Therefore, strengthening management in this period is expected to greatly increase production.
The main task of this field management is to slow the leaf aging and yellowing speed, delay the defoliation time, maintain a large green leaf area, maintain a longer functional time; enhance photosynthetic intensity, increase photosynthetic efficiency, increase nutrient accumulation; promote stem The nutrients in the leaves move into the pods, increase the speed of operation, accelerate the filling of the pods, form economic output as soon as possible, control the main pests and diseases, and reduce the number of damaged products. The main measures for field management are “four sprays and one rowâ€:
First, foliar sprayed peanuts into the fruit ripening period, due to root aging, decreased absorption capacity and root tumor nitrogen fixation and nitrogen supply capacity weakened, often caused by early dehydration. The late leaf surface absorptive capacity of peanuts is enhanced. In time, foliar spray fertilizer can effectively supplement nutrients and delay the defoliation. It has the advantages of rapid action, high absorption and utilization rate, low investment and great benefits. The type of spray fertilizer is easy to use foliar fertilizer with more phosphorus and calcium components.
Second, the spray regulator has not previously sprayed the regulator or the field has not been obvious effect of the spray regulator, to make up 800-1200 times of liquid spray "strong and full" (note not to spray on the ground), can significantly increase the blade Thick, the color of the leaves becomes thicker, delays the defoliation time, accelerates the expansion and enrichment of the pods, and enhances the drought resistance and stagnation resistance, and slows the premature aging caused by the spraying of paclobutrazol and the regulator containing the component.
Third, spray fungicide leaf spot disease, especially net spot disease and brown spot disease is one of the main causes of early leaves of peanuts. Once the spread is rapid, often a few days, the leaves fall off a lot, resulting in reduced production. Combined with foliar spray fertilizer, adding a broad-spectrum fungicide such as mancozeb or methyl thiophanate can greatly reduce the damage and delay the leaves. The bactericides of carbendazim and carbendazim as main components are not effective, and it is easy to induce the occurrence of rust in the later stage.
Fourth, the main pests of insecticides in the late stage of insecticides are cotton bollworms, bridgeworms and other leaf-feeding pests and leafhoppers (red spiders). The former is prone to damage under high temperature, rainy and high humidity conditions, while the latter is dry in the climate. Under the conditions, attention should be paid to the inspection, spraying insecticides and acaricides in the young stage and when the spots occur. For underground pests such as cockroaches, golden worms, and ants, on the basis of previous prevention and control, if there are still larvae or worms in the soil layer, then apply a quick-killing worm powder or use methyl isothiophosphate. Pier. Recently, the amount of defecation in the peanut field and the damage of the middle and upper leaves were observed. It is expected that the larvae will be seriously damaged and should be strengthened.
5. Drainage and anti-mite Peanuts have more rainwater in the late stage of growth, and there are too many submerged water and soil tillage layers. It is also one of the causes of early defoliation. In severe cases, it may cause rotten fruit loss, and it is necessary to eliminate water accumulation and ploughing in time. Layer diving.
In addition, when most of the leaves fall off, the top leaves and stems turn yellow, and most of the pods should be harvested when they are full. After receiving the late harvest, the fruit is reduced, the yield is reduced, and the quality is deteriorated.
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