Identification of Gastrodia elata by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract: The rapid and non-destructive identification of wild gastrodia elata , domestic gastrodia elata and gastrodia elata was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that wild gastrodia, home gastrodia and gastrodia elata had their own characteristic infrared spectrum. According to the shape and position of the infrared spectrum peaks, the gastrodia elata and gastrodia pseudospecies can be easily identified; according to the peak position and absorbance ratio, wild winter hemp and wild spring hemp, wild gastrodia and home gastrodia can be distinguished; according to the peak absorbance ratio, it is possible to distinguish Different levels of gastrodia. The method is fast, simple, and does not require separation and extraction of samples.
Key words: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gastrodia elata; Non-destructive identification Introduction Gastrodia elata is a dry tuber of Gastrodia elata Blume, which is mainly produced in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi and other places. Gastrodia elata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. It has a flat, sweet, and liver-returning effect. It has the effect of calming the liver and calming the wind. Recent studies have found that Tianma also has the effect of increasing intelligence, brain and delaying aging, and has a certain effect on Alzheimer's disease.
The identification of gastrodia is mainly based on the identification, microscopic identification and physical and chemical identification methods of traits. Usually zui traditional, zui direct Chinese medicine identification method is the identification of appearance traits, this method is largely a summary of experience, only for more complete medicinal materials. The appearance of the medicinal material is susceptible to a variety of factors and may be mutated. Gastrodia elata has wild and domestic species, winter hemp and spring hemp, and there are more than ten kinds of gastrodia pseudo-products. The identification of appearance traits alone is not enough, and objective scientific methods are needed to identify them.
Microscopic identification is based on animal and plant cell morphology, tissue structure and some special inclusions to identify Chinese medicine, but the microscopic differences are subtle and require a good empirical basis. Physical and chemical identification is based on the difference in chemical composition of different varieties to identify traditional Chinese medicine, chromatographic identification ( thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography , high performance liquid chromatography, etc., spectrum and spectrum identification (ultraviolet, infrared, fluorescent, atomic absorption, circular dichroism) , nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry , x-ray diffraction, etc.) constitute an important part of physical and chemical identification. To investigate the quality of gastrodia elata, the use of thin layer UV method, thin layer, phenol reagent colorimetric method, thin layer chromatography, Analytical determination by high performance liquid chromatography, etc. These methods require a series of cumbersome processes such as separation and purification of Gastrodia elata.
Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have simple sample preparation, convenient operation, good reproducibility and special fingerprint characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been used to identify Chinese herbal medicines and proprietary Chinese medicine products. In this paper, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method was used to analyze the wild winter hemp, wild spring hemp, home grown gastrodia and a gastrodia pseudospecies produced by Zhaotong, Yunnan.
1 experiment
1.1 Instrument and test conditions The infrared spectrometer is BIO-RAD's FTS-40 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, silicon carbon rod light source, MCT detector, measuring range is 400 ~ 4000 / cm, spectral resolution is 4 / Cm, the signal scan is accumulated 16 times.
1.2 Samples and preparation of wild winter hemp (special grade, first grade, second grade), wild spring hemp (special grade, first grade, secondary grade), home grown Tianma (special grade, primary, secondary) purchased from Kunming Department Store The specialty department was also identified and dried potato chips were purchased from the integrated store. A small sample was taken from the section and ground into a powder, and the potassium bromide powder was pressed to measure the infrared spectrum.
2 Results and discussion
2.1 Analysis of three kinds of gastrodia infra-red spectroscopy wild spring hemp. The spectrum is strongly absorbed near 3416, 2929, 1640, and 1021/cm. The peak positions of the three gastrodia elata are similar. The peak shape of wild winter hemp and domestic gastrodia elata is similar, but the peak shape of wild spring hemp is quite different. The peak of 1022/cm of wild winter anesthesia and domestically produced gastrodia elata is sharp, while the peak of 1 023/cm of wild spring hemp is wider than that of wild winter anesthesia and domestically grown gastrodia; the peak of 3 416/cm of wild winter hemp is extremely symmetrical, home species The peak of the 3,420/cm peak of Gastrodia was better; the corresponding peak of wild spring hemp moved to 3426/cm, and the symmetry of the peak was worse than the first two. The infrared spectrum of wild winter anesthesia and domestically produced gastrodia elata has a small difference in peak position and peak shape, which can be distinguished from the absorbance ratio, and the transmittance of the peak is converted into absorbance. For the infrared spectrum, the peak of 2929 /cm and the peak of 3416 / cm The absorbance is higher than that of A3919/A3416, and the domestic species is larger than wild winter hemp, and is also larger than wild spring hemp.
2.2 Infrared Spectra of Gastrodia and Potatoes One of the antibiotics of Tianma - infrared spectrum of potato and wild winter hemp, infrared spectrum of potato and wild spring hemp. The spectrum of wild winter hemp is quite different from that of potato. The infrared spectrum of wild spring hemp is also different from that of potato. The 1021/cm peak of the infrared spectrum of potato is much wider than that of gastrodia elata, the peak of 1634/cm is also wider than the corresponding Tianma peak, and the corresponding peak of gastrodia elata appears near 1640/cm; Tianma has a shoulder peak near 1723 and 1515/cm. The potato does not have these two peaks; in addition, the peaks of wild winter hemp and domestically grown gastrodia elata in the OH, NH stretching zone appear near 3420/cm, the peak shape is symmetrical, and the corresponding peak of wild spring hemp appears near 3425/cm. The peak shape is more symmetrical, and the potato presents two peaks of 3475 and 3304/cm in this region, and the peak shape is asymmetrical. These features distinguish between gastrodia and its counterfeits.
2.3 Comparison of Infrared Spectra of Different Levels of Gastrodia Elata has long been classified according to the shape and size of the appearance. The texture is solid and heavy, bright and large. We tested the infrared spectra of three three levels of Gastrodia elata, the infrared spectrum of three levels of wild winter hemp. The peak shape and peak position of the same gastrodia spectrum are basically the same, but some peak absorbance ratios are different. For the absorbance ratio A1155/A1022, wild winter hemp and spring hemp have: the special grade <first grade < two-level law, the home species gastrodia is the opposite law, namely: special grade > first grade > second grade. For the absorbance ratio A2929/A3420, wild spring hemp is: special grade <level < two grade, home species gastrodia elata: special grade > first grade > second grade. These ratio differences from the Tianma infrared spectrum are likely to classify the gastrodia elata, and further research is necessary in this regard.
3 Conclusion Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method can be used to identify gastrodia elata and its counterfeits, which can distinguish between wild gastrodia and domestic gastrodia elata, wild winter hemp and wild spring hemp, and may also classify gastrodia. . Infrared spectroscopy can quickly and easily identify the medicinal materials, without the need to separate and extract the medicinal materials, which is simple and easy. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential for application in the identification of Chinese medicinal materials.
references
[1] Zhang Guijun. Modern practical Chinese medicine identification technology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2000.98.
[2] DUGui-you, CHENKai, ZHOUWen. Quan etal (Du Guiyou, Chen Wei, Zhou Wenquan, etc.). China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 1998, 23 (11): 695.

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