Identification and Control of Maize Head Smut

1. Symptom identification: systemic diseases that invade from corn cole during the seedling stage, and the symptoms are mainly after tasseling. The appearance of the diseased ear was shorter than that of the normal ear. The base was large and the tip was pointed. No filaments were extracted at the top. Sometimes the temporal lobe breaks open, exposing black powder, and the diseased ear turns into a black-brown spore heap. The spores are not easy to fly, and there is a residue of the vascular bundle of the corn plant. Plants with smallpox infestation usually do not bear spikes, and the top of the flower axis that has just been extracted turns into a small pile of black spores. Sometimes small flowers become deformed after the smallpox is extracted.

2. Factors influencing the onset: The pathogen, the chlamydospores, fell into the soil and was mixed with manure or carried over the winter by the seeds. Juvenile year under appropriate conditions, the chlamydospore germinates and invades the host seedlings through the coleoptile. After the invasion, the hyphae enters the growing point of the plant, and as the plant grows, it spreads to the ear and smallpox and forms a spore heap. After mature, the spores are spit out and the infection cycle is completed once a year without reinfection.

When the soil temperature is relatively low and it is relatively dry, the emergence of maize is delayed, increasing the chance of pathogen infestation, and the incidence rate is high, which is conducive to the prevalence of head smut. Therefore, head smut occurs in cold regions. The bacteria can survive in the soil for about 3 years, and it can effectively prevent and cure this disease in 3 years.

3, control methods: 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties. 2 rotation, deep plowing: continuous production for many years easy to increase the amount of bacteria in the soil, the incidence of weight. Implementation of rotation for more than three years basically eliminates the damage of pathogens in the soil. Deeply turning the soil and pressing the spores of the pathogen below the sowing layer can reduce the bacteria source and reduce the incidence. 3 Early removal of the diseased plant: The diseased plant was removed when the white film of the disease ear was not broken, and the diseased plant was taken out of the ground for deep burial or burnt to prevent the bacteria from falling into the soil. 4 Chemical control: This disease is a one-time infestation disease at the seedling stage. The use of chemicals to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria at the seedling stage will effectively control the occurrence of this disease. First, with 25% triadimefon or oxytetrazin, 0.3% dose of seed dressing, the control effect of up to 90%. Corn paste can also be used as an adhesive to increase efficacy. Second, use seed coating agents to prevent disease. At present, there are various coating agents on the production, which can effectively prevent and treat pests and diseases.

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