How to deal with obstacles in continuous cropping of greenhouse vegetables
Soil acid damage. In continuous cropping vegetable greenhouses, due to the long-term use of physiological acid fertilizers, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers causes a large accumulation of nitrate nitrogen, less organic fertilizers, and poor soil buffering, which results in acidification of the soil. Severe crops may show dead seedlings, growth point necrosis, etc. phenomenon.
Soil salinization. The greenhouse soil in vegetable greenhouses has a high soil temperature throughout the year. In combination with high humidity, soil microbial activity is strong, accelerating the conversion of soil nutrients and the decomposition of organic matter. At the same time, due to unreasonable excessive fertilization all year round and lack of rainwater leaching, residual Various fertilizer salts in the soil accumulate with the irrigation water to the tillage layer to form secondary salt. According to the determination, when the soil salt concentration reaches 0.3%-0.5%, due to higher concentration than the plant cell solution, the crop water is difficult to absorb and it is easy to wither. When the soil alkalinity of dissolved nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exceeds the critical concentration of salt damage At the time, greenhouse vegetables are prone to salt toxicity and affect root growth.
Nitrogen dioxide and ammonia are poisoned in excess. Vegetable growers tend to focus on applying nitrogenous fertilizers in greenhouse vegetables. They think that nitrogen fertilizers are quick and easy to increase production. However, neglecting the excessive nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrogen is easily converted to nitrous oxide and nitrogen dioxide gasification when the concentration of nitrogen dioxide reaches At 210-6, the leaves of the vegetables are poisoned, and white spots and yellow spots are produced on the back of the leaves. At the same time, there is too much free ammonia in the plants, and diseases and pests are prone to occur and intensify.
Soil nutrient imbalance causes physiological deficiency. Under continuous cropping, the same or similar fertilizers are continuously applied in large quantities, and certain crops have a certain selectivity for the absorption of nutrients. This will lead to the overabsence of certain elements, and excessive accumulation of some elements, resulting in the loss of soil nutrients. balanced. 1. Many chemical fertilizers and less organic fertilizer affect the natural quality of vegetables. 2. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer, lack of potassium fertilizer, will reduce the nitrogen fertilizer utilization, increase fertilizer damage. 3. Many elements of fertilizers will often reduce the effectiveness of medium and trace element fertilizers, such as excessive nitrogen and phosphorus will reduce the effectiveness of calcium, boron, zinc and other nutrients, and even for vegetables to cause calcium deficiency caused by dry cabbage Heartburn, tomato, sweet pepper umbilical rot, etc., boron deficiency caused radish, celery stem crack disease, leaves thickened and fragile blade and other symptoms.
The alienation of the soil microbial population produces some biological toxic substances. The same crop root exudates are the same, resulting in the proliferation of some soil microorganisms, and some soil microorganisms are inhibited, so that the microbial population will be alienated, which is not conducive to the maturity of soil and decomposition of fertilizer nutrition, resulting in deterioration of soil properties. In addition, the continuous change of microbial populations in the soil can cause the accumulation of diseased bodies year by year. The number of soil pathogenic fungi increases rapidly, and antagonistic bacteria and actinomycetes are inhibited, causing blight, bacterial wilt and root-knot nematodes and other soil-borne diseases. Seriously happened.
Measures to prevent continuous cropping damage in vegetable greenhouses: 1. Apply straw bioreactor technology. Straws are transformed into carbon dioxide required for plant growth under the action of microbial strain scavenger, heat-resistant disease spores, enzymes, organic and inorganic nutrients, soil porosity in 20 cm plowing layer is more than doubled in the reactor planting layer. The increase of beneficial microbial populations, moderate water, fertilizer, gas, and heat have a permanent effect on continuous cropping of soil in greenhouses. 2. Add organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer has a comprehensive nutrient content and regulates pH, salinity, ploughability, and buffering properties of the soil. 3. Balanced fertilization. The unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers, especially the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, is the dominant factor in the continuous development of soil barriers in vegetable greenhouses. Therefore, balanced fertilization is a key measure for greenhouse vegetable production, high yield, high quality, and high efficiency. 4. Reasonably turn down. The use of different vegetable crops for differences in nutrient requirements and resistance to diseases and pests, and reasonable rotations, intercropping, and intercropping can also reduce the occurrence of soil and soil-borne diseases. 5. Deep-disinfection. Deep plowing can increase soil tillage layer, break soil compaction, improve soil permeability, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and eliminate continuous cropping obstacles. Combining deep-displacement soil preparation with cotton granules for chemical disinfection can also effectively reduce the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles. 6. Adjust soil pH. Soil acidification caused by continuous cropping of vegetables is a common phenomenon. A pH value is measured every year in the shed soil. When the pH value is 5.5, 50-100 kg of lime per acre can be applied when the soil is turned over, and the soil is thoroughly mixed. It can increase the pH and also kill the soil bacteria.
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Millimeter wave is 1-10mm electromagnetic wave, it is equal to frequency range 300GHZ-30GHZ, it is a low power, short wavelength, high frequency electromagnetic wave and locates in interchange of the light wave, also called extremely high frequency electromagnetic wave.
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Millimeter wave application:
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