High yield and high quality cultivation techniques
2020-01-06 15:07:03
The greenhouse scent has the characteristics of high quality, early market, high price, and fast sales. The sassafras grows without pests and diseases and is not contaminated by pesticides and harmful substances. Therefore, the scented scent is an ideal nuisance-free vegetable. In recent years, we have used plastic greenhouses for the cultivation of fast-growing and high-yield citrons. The 1-2 year-old seedlings of open fields have been transplanted into high-density resorts in greenhouses and then moved to open areas in winter. Generally, 12,000 kilograms or more of 667 m2 per 667 m2 can be produced. The income can reach 30,000-50,000 yuan, and the economic benefits are considerable. The main cultivation techniques are as follows.
1 Seedlings can be used for seed propagation, root propagation, root and stem cutting propagation. Due to the large volume of seedlings used in greenhouse cultivation, seedlings are often used in seedlings and then transplanted.
1.1 Seedlings for soil preparation should be selected for fertile soil, loose texture, deep plowed layer, convenient irrigation and drainage, sunny leeward, and well-illuminated plots. Apply the decomposed organic fertilizer 60-75 m3/hm2 first, then deep-dip 30 cm, and then apply 750 kg/hm2 of superphosphate or 750 kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate. 7 days before sowing, irrigating 1 time, pouring 3 to 5 days after shallow pouring, in order to facilitate conservation and prevent soil compaction.
1.2 soak germinating new seeds full use, sowing the wing membrane on the seeds before sowing, soaking with 10g/kg formaldehyde solution for 20min disinfection, then wash with water, and then pour the seeds into warm water of 30 ~ 40 °C, and Stir constantly until the water temperature drops to 25°C, then wash and continue soaking for 12 hours. After the seeds have enough water, remove them and put them into the seedling plate to maintain the temperature. The temperature is between 20～25°C, after 3～4d, 30% of the seeds are white. sowing.
1.3 Seedlings in the open field of seedlings are generally recommended to be carried out at a temperature of 1 to 5°C or 10cm in the soil at 13°C. Greenhouse seedlings can be planted 20 to 30 days earlier than exposed land. Sowing method and sowing method are two kinds of sowing methods. When sowing, the bottom of the plant should be filled with water. After soaking, seeds should be sown. The sowing volume should be 45.0-60.0kg/hm2, and the cover soil should be 1.0cm thick after sowing. Drilling is carried out at a spacing of 25 to 30 cm and a depth of 2 to 3 cm. After pouring small water and wet ditch, after infiltrating the water, the seeds will be sowed uniformly in the ditch. After sowing, the cover soil is 1.5 to 2.0 cm thick, and the seed amount is 22.5 to 30.0 kg/hm2.
1.4 seedling management after sowing, keep seedbed temperature 20 ~ 25 °C, after sowing about 7 ~ 10d Qimiao, this time the seedling root system less, it is best to spray 15 ~ 20 °C warm water, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20 ~ 24 °C, The nighttime temperature is kept at about 15°C. With the temperature increasing, the ventilation rate can be increased. When the minimum ambient temperature is stable above 10°C, the insulation covering can be removed and the seedlings can be cultivated under open conditions. Seedlings 2 to 3 leaves time seedlings 1 time, 4 to 5 leaves when the seedlings, the cultivation of annual seedlings should be according to spacing 20cm 25 ~ 30cm Dingmiao, Liumiao 150,000 to 210,000 / hm2.
When the seedling height is about 10cm, it can be moved into the Daejeon nursery. Transplanting should be about 5cm deep trenches along the row spacing, and along the ditch irrigation, while spraying about 3g/kg urea solution every evening about 10d. The period from mid-June to mid-August is the fast growing period of annual seedlings. In this period, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management, generally based on available nitrogen fertilizers, and in conjunction with the application of a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, each topdressing urea 150 ~ 225kg/hm2, diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm2, appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer. After entering the end of August, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added, nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, and 3g/kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed once every 10 days for a total of 3 to 4 sprays to promote accelerated lignification of seedlings and form a full plume. Top buds.
2. Shed and transplanting
2.1 The shed is constructed of a conventional one-story vertical plastic film solar greenhouse. It is 8 meters wide from north to south and 40 meters long from east to west. The wall is made of soil. The back wall is 2 meters high, 60 centimeters thick and 2.4 ridges high. The cement pillars were used as scaffolds. The bamboo slopes were used as crossbeams on the front slopes of the sheds, covered with ordinary polyethylene film and covered with rice straw at night. Shed with corn stalks and straw stubs on the back slope of the shed, protected against heat and cold.
2.2 Transplanting
From early to late November, the seedlings of citron shall be transplanted in the greenhouse. Before planting, Mushi diammonium 100 kilograms, chicken manure 5000-10000 kilograms, deep-turn 60 centimeters, squeaking, flattening, for 1 meter wide, 40 centimeters wide, easy to walk into the shoots, acres planted 8-10 10,000 plants. After 10-15 days, the seedlings were moderately seedlings, and the temperature was 10°C during the day; the daytime temperature was 18-23°C during the growth-promoting period and 13-15°C during the night.
2.3 Shed Management and Planting Postharvest Management After planting, planting water after planting shall be filled with water. The second round of water was carried out after the two scented citrons had been harvested. Before the third round of watering, 25 kg of diammonium and urea were mixed to make it dissolve with water. At the same time with 0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every other week alternately sprayed on the leaves of Toona sinensis for foliar fertilizer. Every morning, we should roll up the grass on the front slope to maintain a suitable temperature in the shed. Snow cover should be timely cleaned when snowing, to prevent damage to the shed body. About 50 days after the seedlings enter the shed, the top buds can grow to about 20 cm. At this time, the first shoots can be taken. The first time only the top buds were picked and removed to promote the sprouting of buds. After picking, timely fertilization should be done. Then when the buds grow to 15 cm, they begin picking. At the same time, the buds retain 1-2 leaves at the base to promote their regeneration. Picked citron buds should be spread damp and cool, avoid packing along with the package with plastic bags, to prevent buds off the leaves, reduce bud quality. After the end of the entire harvesting period, the seedlings were transplanted into the field for laziness at the end of April. When it was prosperous from June to July, paclobutrazol could be sprayed 300 times for dwarfing, and then the seedlings could be transplanted into the shed for growth and harvesting.
3 Post-planting management
3.1 Timely buckled shed Usually there is a period of physiological dormancy after the saponin has fallen. If the colonization is earlier, then the shed will be held in the evening. Otherwise, the buds will not germinate and grow badly. If the planting is carried out after late November, the shelter will be placed immediately after planting. At this time, the axillary buds have been released and the temperature should be raised immediately to promote germination.
3.2 Temperature and Humidity Adjustment After the sweet potato seedlings are moved into the greenhouse, they may not be warmed for several days, so that the temperature can be maintained at 15°C to facilitate seedling growth. 8 to 10 days after the start of heating, so that the temperature within the shed control at 18 ~ 24 °C during the day, control at 12 ~ 14 °C at night, the ground temperature maintained at 15 °C above. At the same time should maintain a high soil moisture, after planting irrigated, so that the relative humidity of air is maintained at about 85%, the humidity is too low, easy to make buds atrophy, slow growth. Humidity is too high, easy to reduce the greenhouse temperature, axillary bud germination slow. If the humidity is not enough, you can spray the branches at noon on sunny days. When the humidity is too high, it should be ventilated and ventilated at noon on sunny days.
3.3 Hormone treatment After planting, the upper 4 to 5 dormant buds of the seedlings of the toon seedlings are smeared with the raw liquid of extracts from the twigs. Generally, 100 to 120 shoots are applied per 1 g of the granules. The buds are germinated at 7 to 9 days after application and the yield can be increased by 10 % to 20%.
3.4 Timely harvest buds flat buds in the appropriate temperature, after the buckle shed 40 ~ 50d after the bud can germinate, when the bud grows to 15 ~ 20cm, and when the coloring is good harvesting, mining early to affect the yield, late harvest buds aging , quality is reduced. The terminal buds can be harvested and harvested. When the lateral buds are harvested, one or two leaves of the base can be left as the auxiliary leaves. The harvesting should be carried out in the morning and at night. Generally, harvesting takes place every 7 to 10 days for a total of 4 to 5 times. Every axillary bud 2 ~ 3d before harvest to be foliar spray fertilizer, after the start of picking buds topdressing watering more than 10 times, each with ammonium nitrate 300kg/hm2. In general, until mid-April, the greenhouse shall be seeded with pods, that is, from 10 to 15 cm above the ground, the seedlings will be cut back. The height of the seedlings remaining in the year is 10 cm, and the seedling height of 2 years or more will be about 15 cm, and then transplanted to open cultivation. The spacing between the rows was 30cm and 40cm, and the density was about 90,000 plants/hm2. After transplanting enough water, timely cultivating, budding germination, choose to leave a strong bud, training into the next year seedlings.
3.5 Diseases and Insect Pests Prevent pests and diseases of Toona sinensis. There is no need to spray medicine during the budding period. Seedling stage susceptible to blight, damping-off, root rot, etc., can be sprayed with 25% carbendazim WP 600 times, or with 1% double effect Ling 500 ~ 700 times Irrigation, every other 7d irrigated once, with irrigation 2 to 3 times. The pests of Toona sinensis have tortoiseshell caterpillars, hornbills, and moths, etc., and 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 times solution or 40% dimethoate EC 150 times can be used for prevention and control. Before planting, if it is found to be harmful to the tea plant, 15% daphthol cream 1500-2000 times should be sprayed for prevention and treatment.
1 Seedlings can be used for seed propagation, root propagation, root and stem cutting propagation. Due to the large volume of seedlings used in greenhouse cultivation, seedlings are often used in seedlings and then transplanted.
1.1 Seedlings for soil preparation should be selected for fertile soil, loose texture, deep plowed layer, convenient irrigation and drainage, sunny leeward, and well-illuminated plots. Apply the decomposed organic fertilizer 60-75 m3/hm2 first, then deep-dip 30 cm, and then apply 750 kg/hm2 of superphosphate or 750 kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate. 7 days before sowing, irrigating 1 time, pouring 3 to 5 days after shallow pouring, in order to facilitate conservation and prevent soil compaction.
1.2 soak germinating new seeds full use, sowing the wing membrane on the seeds before sowing, soaking with 10g/kg formaldehyde solution for 20min disinfection, then wash with water, and then pour the seeds into warm water of 30 ~ 40 °C, and Stir constantly until the water temperature drops to 25°C, then wash and continue soaking for 12 hours. After the seeds have enough water, remove them and put them into the seedling plate to maintain the temperature. The temperature is between 20～25°C, after 3～4d, 30% of the seeds are white. sowing.
1.3 Seedlings in the open field of seedlings are generally recommended to be carried out at a temperature of 1 to 5°C or 10cm in the soil at 13°C. Greenhouse seedlings can be planted 20 to 30 days earlier than exposed land. Sowing method and sowing method are two kinds of sowing methods. When sowing, the bottom of the plant should be filled with water. After soaking, seeds should be sown. The sowing volume should be 45.0-60.0kg/hm2, and the cover soil should be 1.0cm thick after sowing. Drilling is carried out at a spacing of 25 to 30 cm and a depth of 2 to 3 cm. After pouring small water and wet ditch, after infiltrating the water, the seeds will be sowed uniformly in the ditch. After sowing, the cover soil is 1.5 to 2.0 cm thick, and the seed amount is 22.5 to 30.0 kg/hm2.
1.4 seedling management after sowing, keep seedbed temperature 20 ~ 25 °C, after sowing about 7 ~ 10d Qimiao, this time the seedling root system less, it is best to spray 15 ~ 20 °C warm water, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20 ~ 24 °C, The nighttime temperature is kept at about 15°C. With the temperature increasing, the ventilation rate can be increased. When the minimum ambient temperature is stable above 10°C, the insulation covering can be removed and the seedlings can be cultivated under open conditions. Seedlings 2 to 3 leaves time seedlings 1 time, 4 to 5 leaves when the seedlings, the cultivation of annual seedlings should be according to spacing 20cm 25 ~ 30cm Dingmiao, Liumiao 150,000 to 210,000 / hm2.
When the seedling height is about 10cm, it can be moved into the Daejeon nursery. Transplanting should be about 5cm deep trenches along the row spacing, and along the ditch irrigation, while spraying about 3g/kg urea solution every evening about 10d. The period from mid-June to mid-August is the fast growing period of annual seedlings. In this period, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management, generally based on available nitrogen fertilizers, and in conjunction with the application of a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, each topdressing urea 150 ~ 225kg/hm2, diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm2, appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer. After entering the end of August, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added, nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, and 3g/kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed once every 10 days for a total of 3 to 4 sprays to promote accelerated lignification of seedlings and form a full plume. Top buds.
2. Shed and transplanting
2.1 The shed is constructed of a conventional one-story vertical plastic film solar greenhouse. It is 8 meters wide from north to south and 40 meters long from east to west. The wall is made of soil. The back wall is 2 meters high, 60 centimeters thick and 2.4 ridges high. The cement pillars were used as scaffolds. The bamboo slopes were used as crossbeams on the front slopes of the sheds, covered with ordinary polyethylene film and covered with rice straw at night. Shed with corn stalks and straw stubs on the back slope of the shed, protected against heat and cold.
2.2 Transplanting
From early to late November, the seedlings of citron shall be transplanted in the greenhouse. Before planting, Mushi diammonium 100 kilograms, chicken manure 5000-10000 kilograms, deep-turn 60 centimeters, squeaking, flattening, for 1 meter wide, 40 centimeters wide, easy to walk into the shoots, acres planted 8-10 10,000 plants. After 10-15 days, the seedlings were moderately seedlings, and the temperature was 10°C during the day; the daytime temperature was 18-23°C during the growth-promoting period and 13-15°C during the night.
2.3 Shed Management and Planting Postharvest Management After planting, planting water after planting shall be filled with water. The second round of water was carried out after the two scented citrons had been harvested. Before the third round of watering, 25 kg of diammonium and urea were mixed to make it dissolve with water. At the same time with 0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every other week alternately sprayed on the leaves of Toona sinensis for foliar fertilizer. Every morning, we should roll up the grass on the front slope to maintain a suitable temperature in the shed. Snow cover should be timely cleaned when snowing, to prevent damage to the shed body. About 50 days after the seedlings enter the shed, the top buds can grow to about 20 cm. At this time, the first shoots can be taken. The first time only the top buds were picked and removed to promote the sprouting of buds. After picking, timely fertilization should be done. Then when the buds grow to 15 cm, they begin picking. At the same time, the buds retain 1-2 leaves at the base to promote their regeneration. Picked citron buds should be spread damp and cool, avoid packing along with the package with plastic bags, to prevent buds off the leaves, reduce bud quality. After the end of the entire harvesting period, the seedlings were transplanted into the field for laziness at the end of April. When it was prosperous from June to July, paclobutrazol could be sprayed 300 times for dwarfing, and then the seedlings could be transplanted into the shed for growth and harvesting.
3 Post-planting management
3.1 Timely buckled shed Usually there is a period of physiological dormancy after the saponin has fallen. If the colonization is earlier, then the shed will be held in the evening. Otherwise, the buds will not germinate and grow badly. If the planting is carried out after late November, the shelter will be placed immediately after planting. At this time, the axillary buds have been released and the temperature should be raised immediately to promote germination.
3.2 Temperature and Humidity Adjustment After the sweet potato seedlings are moved into the greenhouse, they may not be warmed for several days, so that the temperature can be maintained at 15°C to facilitate seedling growth. 8 to 10 days after the start of heating, so that the temperature within the shed control at 18 ~ 24 °C during the day, control at 12 ~ 14 °C at night, the ground temperature maintained at 15 °C above. At the same time should maintain a high soil moisture, after planting irrigated, so that the relative humidity of air is maintained at about 85%, the humidity is too low, easy to make buds atrophy, slow growth. Humidity is too high, easy to reduce the greenhouse temperature, axillary bud germination slow. If the humidity is not enough, you can spray the branches at noon on sunny days. When the humidity is too high, it should be ventilated and ventilated at noon on sunny days.
3.3 Hormone treatment After planting, the upper 4 to 5 dormant buds of the seedlings of the toon seedlings are smeared with the raw liquid of extracts from the twigs. Generally, 100 to 120 shoots are applied per 1 g of the granules. The buds are germinated at 7 to 9 days after application and the yield can be increased by 10 % to 20%.
3.4 Timely harvest buds flat buds in the appropriate temperature, after the buckle shed 40 ~ 50d after the bud can germinate, when the bud grows to 15 ~ 20cm, and when the coloring is good harvesting, mining early to affect the yield, late harvest buds aging , quality is reduced. The terminal buds can be harvested and harvested. When the lateral buds are harvested, one or two leaves of the base can be left as the auxiliary leaves. The harvesting should be carried out in the morning and at night. Generally, harvesting takes place every 7 to 10 days for a total of 4 to 5 times. Every axillary bud 2 ~ 3d before harvest to be foliar spray fertilizer, after the start of picking buds topdressing watering more than 10 times, each with ammonium nitrate 300kg/hm2. In general, until mid-April, the greenhouse shall be seeded with pods, that is, from 10 to 15 cm above the ground, the seedlings will be cut back. The height of the seedlings remaining in the year is 10 cm, and the seedling height of 2 years or more will be about 15 cm, and then transplanted to open cultivation. The spacing between the rows was 30cm and 40cm, and the density was about 90,000 plants/hm2. After transplanting enough water, timely cultivating, budding germination, choose to leave a strong bud, training into the next year seedlings.
3.5 Diseases and Insect Pests Prevent pests and diseases of Toona sinensis. There is no need to spray medicine during the budding period. Seedling stage susceptible to blight, damping-off, root rot, etc., can be sprayed with 25% carbendazim WP 600 times, or with 1% double effect Ling 500 ~ 700 times Irrigation, every other 7d irrigated once, with irrigation 2 to 3 times. The pests of Toona sinensis have tortoiseshell caterpillars, hornbills, and moths, etc., and 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 times solution or 40% dimethoate EC 150 times can be used for prevention and control. Before planting, if it is found to be harmful to the tea plant, 15% daphthol cream 1500-2000 times should be sprayed for prevention and treatment.
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