Fertilizer Application in Winter Must Be "Four Attentions"
Pay attention to the use of fertilizers to select fertilizers in winter with low temperatures, weakened microbial activity, the need to transform the fat fertilizer effect is slow, and the growth of winter sowing crops, the need for adequate fertilizer, to resolve the conflict is to catch up with available fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer can use ammonium bicarbonate; Phosphorus fertilizer should use superphosphate as possible; Potassium fertilizer can use potassium chloride (but potato and tomato and other chlorine crops should use potassium sulfate in the late growth stage); 45% can be used for compound fertilizer. Compound fertilizer; farmyard manure available for human fecal urine. This is because, compared with urea, ammonium bicarbonate belongs to ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops after application to soil, unlike urea (which belongs to ammonium ammonium fertilizer and needs to be urease-secreted by urea bacteria in soil. The ability to convert to ammonium can be absorbed by the root system.) Fertility is affected by low temperature and it affects the growth of crops. Superphosphate contains 14%-20% of effective phosphorus pentoxide (80%-95% of which is soluble in water). It belongs to water-soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer. Its fertilizer efficiency is faster than that of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. However, we must pay attention to the greenhouse vegetable is best not to use ammonium bicarbonate, and switch to 45% ternary compound fertilizer to prevent ammonia harm. Phosphorus is easily absorbed by the clay and becomes solidified. It can be used as a top-dressing fertilizer when it is used as a superphosphate extract (5%-10% concentration) or concentrated in the soil layer where the root system is concentrated.
Cruciferous crops pay attention to the application of boron fertilizer. Among the winter crops, cruciferous crops account for a large proportion, such as cabbage, cabbage, radish, canola, etc. These crops are particularly sensitive to boron. At the same time, celery, wheat, carrots, etc. are also more sensitive to boron. Boron deficiency is not only seriously affected reproductive growth, and nutrient growth hit the wall, cold resistance decreased, but also easy to induce heart rot.
Application method: 1 The basal fertilizer boron fertilizer has the best effect on the medium or serious boron-deficient soil; 0.5-0.75 kilograms of borax can be used per mu to mix with dry fine soil or organic fertilizer; Or with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers together after the basic application; should not make the boron fertilizer directly contact with the seeds (live) or seedlings (transplanting), so as not to affect the germination, emergence and growth of young roots, seedlings; not deep or The application amount should not be too large; if the application of borax exceeds 2.5 kg per acre, it will reduce the emergence rate, and even reduce the production of dead seedlings. 2 to solve the seed soaking is suitable to use borax or boric acid, usually first 40 °C hot water will be dissolved in borax; add cold water to 0.01% -0.03% borax or boric acid solution; the seeds into the solution, soak 6-8 hours The seed and liquid ratio is 1:1, and the seeds can be sown after drying out. 3 outside the top dressing (foliar spray) with 0.1% -0.25% borax or boric acid solution, spraying 40-80 kg per acre solution; 6-7 days 1, even spray 2-3 times; leaf surface Spraying in the afternoon is good, spray to the foliage covered with droplets of degree; if the rain within 6 hours after spraying, should be re-spray 1 times.
Pay attention to the application of wax fertilizer before the low temperature application of wax fertilizer, can increase the ground temperature 2 °C -3 °C, and can increase the potassium content of crop cells, thereby enhancing the cell's water holding capacity, so that cells are not easy to freeze at low temperatures, strengthen the ability of cold resistance; Fertilizers must vary from crop to crop. Rape should be blended with manure and phosphate fertilizers, and 1500 kilograms per acre field should be applied between the rows of rapeseed, and the joints should be applied in late December to early January of the following year. Early maturing rape varieties are growing early because of spring. It should be applied earlier than late-ripening rapeseed varieties; wheat should be applied in mid-to-late December, and soil-fertilizer should be applied more to strong seedlings, while weak- and late-maturing wheat should be mixed with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer in soil-based miscellaneous fertilizers. Apply about 2,500 kilograms of soil and manure per acre of Datian farmland. The amount of perennial crops of fertilisers should account for 50% of the annual fertilization amount, 5000 kilograms of soil fertiliser per acre field and 2,500 kilograms of pig and cow manure. Apply after frost as snow.
Greenhouse vegetables to prevent nitrate accumulation in large quantities of nitrate itself is not harmful, but easily converted to nitrite, nitrite easily replace the human blood in the iron, causing blood poisoning. Nitrite and amines are linked to form a strong carcinogen, nitrosamines, causing cancers such as stomach and intestines. In winter, there is more weather at low temperature and low light, and vegetables in greenhouses are more likely to cause a large accumulation of nitrates, especially leafy vegetables and root vegetables. Strictly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, in particular, can not apply ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and other nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.
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