A review of the application of 5-aminopropionic acid ** salt

First, basic information:

[Chinese alias] 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride

[Chinese name]Ira

[English name] 5-Aminolevulinic acid, ALA (abbreviation)

[English alias] 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid; 5-Amino-4-oxovaleric acid

【CAS Number】106-60-5

【Molecular formula】C5H9NO3

【Molecular weight】131.13

[MDL number] MFCD00044485

【Properties】White to white powder

【melting point】156-158°C

[Storage] -20 °C protected from light

Heavy metal: 20ppm

[weightlessness] ≦ 1.0%

[ash] ≦ 0.5%

[Total impurities] ≦ 1.0%

[any other single ingredient] ≦ 0.1%

Second, pharmacological effects

1,5-ALA is an endogenous substance of organisms and is a precursor of animal heme and plant chlorophyll biosynthesis.

The in vivo metabolic pathway is as follows: Under normal circumstances, the body feedbacks the ALA synthase through the intracellular heme content, controlling the production of ALA, so there is no excess accumulation of ALA in the body. However, when exogenous ALA enters the body, it can be selectively absorbed by tumor cells and other malignant cells, causing excess protoporphyrin IX to accumulate in the cells. Among them, protoporphyrin IX is a photosensitizer, and it is at a certain wavelength. Under light irradiation, a chemical reaction occurs, resulting in a new ecological oxygen, causing damage to cell membranes, mitochondria, and nucleic acids, and necrosis and apoptosis of tumor cells or other hyperactive cells. In order to play a role in the treatment of diseases.

2,5-ALA is a new type of light-activated pesticide with high environmental compatibility and selectivity. It is widely used in agriculture.

(1) Plant growth regulators

Recent studies have shown that 5-ALA has the following effects: regulation of chlorophyll synthesis; improvement of the stability of chlorophyll and light-harvesting system II; increase of photosynthetic efficiency to promote photosynthesis; promotion of plant tissue differentiation, inhibition of respiration in darkness, enlargement of stomata, etc. Basic physiological activity. Therefore, it is not simply a biological metabolite intermediate, but also participates in the regulation of plant growth and development. It has similar physiological activity to plant hormones and can be used as a plant growth regulator in agricultural production.

(2) Fruit coloration

5-Aminolevulinic acid can significantly promote the accumulation of anthocyanin in Fuji apple, increase the solid-acid ratio, and does not affect the storage of fruits.

(3) Green herbicide

Herbicides produced using 5-ALA can kill weeds of dicotyledonous plants, but are harmless to crops such as cereals, wheat, and barley, which are mostly monocotyledonous plants, and have selective herbicidal action.

There are two principles of its action: the first to inhibit the expression of GluTR genes and prevent the synthesis of 5-ALA, so that plants eventually die due to the lack of 5-ALA. The synthesis of 5-ALA in mammals is not via the C5 pathway, so the use of such herbicides does not have adverse effects on humans. The second one can release the regulatory mechanism of 5-ALA synthesis and promote the large-scale synthesis of 5-ALA. For example, acifluorferr methyl can inhibit the synthesis of heme in plants, resulting in the accumulation of 5-ALA and porphyrin compounds in large amounts, and the peroxidation under induced light irradiation. . However, due to the high market price of 5-ALA and the high mass concentration required for herbicides, the cost is large and it is difficult to directly apply them.

(4) Insecticides

It can cause imbalance of biochemical metabolism in housefly, cockroach and other insect pests, resulting in the occurrence of cockroach paralysis and even death. There are also studies on the use of porphyrin insecticides with 5-ALA as the main component to affect the Chinese rice borer in Jinyuan District, Taiyuan. All of the males in the treatment group died within 7 days, while the number of male deaths in the control group was about half, and there was no significant difference in female deaths at low concentrations. The principle is: 5-ALA can generate active oxygen under the activation, through the photosynthesis process of plants or trigger the cytochemical synthesis of pests to turn sunlight into radiation insecticide and remove insects. This study shows that it is a pollution-free natural substance that is biodegradable and does not cause pest resistance. A new type of green insecticide can be developed.

5-ALA is also an important organic synthesis intermediate. Because of its extensive and safe effect, and its natural pollution-free, it has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars and industrial circles, and has broad application prospects and market development prospects.