Without such fertilization, corn stubble yields
Rational fertilization
To achieve reasonable fertilization, we must first grasp the required amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in each growth period of corn. Generally, 100 kg of corn kernels require 3.6 kg of nitrogen, 1.5 kg of phosphorus, and 3.1 kg of potassium. Nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium was 2.4:1:2.1. The rate of absorption and utilization of nutrient elements was different at each growth stage of maize. The period with the most fertilizer requirement for corn is from the big bellmouth period to the tasselling period. Nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer and top dressing must be applied deeply; phosphate fertilizer is applied as a bar in production; uniform distribution of potash fertilizer in the soil is conducive to root absorption.
Improve chemical fertilizer utilization
Base fertilizer
It is required that the depth of application is about 20 cm. The use of farmyard fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers will help improve the soil structure and fertility. The organic fertilizer has a long fertilizer effect and can meet the needs of corn for nutrients. The nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer is preferably urea, and the application amount should account for about 15% of the total amount required for the whole growth period. According to the test, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was used as the base fertilizer, and the yield was increased by about 10% compared with nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should account for 75%-80% of their total application. At present, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used as the ternary compound fertilizer with an effective composition of 15% each. The base fertilizer should be used as far as possible to meet the required depth. Otherwise, the base fertilizer and mouth fat can not be separated. The concentration of the local soil solution is too high, which causes burning and seedling burning.
Mouth fat
The fertilizer applied near the seed during sowing is called mouth fertilizer. The mouth fertilizer can meet the nutrient requirement during the seedling period of maize. The effect of applying oral fertilizer is more obvious when the amount of base fertilizer is insufficient or the soil is thin. Fertilizers should be based on readily available seedlings that are readily absorbed by seedlings, ie, high-quality nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers, and trace fertilizers. Fertilizer must be applied to separate the seed from the fertilizer. The mouth fat is best applied 3-5 cm below the side of the seed.
top dressing
Fertilizer applied during the growth of corn is called topdressing, and it mainly provides fertilizer needed for corn uptake. There are 3 fat uptake peaks in maize during its lifetime, namely the jointing stage, the big bell stage and the tasseling stage. After corn enters the jointing stage, the growth of vegetative bodies is accelerated, tassel differentiation is underway, and ear differentiation is about to begin. The requirement for nutrients is increasing day by day. Therefore, timely recovery of joint fertilizers can generally increase the yield. If the bottom is full, fertilizer can be properly controlled, and the time can be later; in the case of infertile land, low basal fertilizer, and thin plants, it should be applied more than once, accounting for 20%-30% of topdressing. When the soil fertility is low or the base fertilizer and mouth fat are insufficient, the joint fertilizer should be pulled out when the 6 leaves are unfolded.
Panicle fertilizer
The fertilizer applied before the growth cone of the ear grows until the tassels are withdrawn is called panicle fertilizer. This period is in the spikelet and florets differentiation stage. The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plant are very strong. The most needed water and nutrients are the critical period for determining the size of the ear and the number of grains. Therefore, the effect of top dressing is very significant. Should account for 30%-60% of top dressing. In the case of normal growth at seedling stage, heavy panicle fertilizer can achieve a significant increase in yield. Especially in the case of insufficient fertilizer, a panicle fertilizer can be concentrated to increase yield. Fertile soil, adequate basal and seed fertilizers, and concentrated application of panicle fertilizer; conversely, applying topdressing and applying panicle fertilizer. When the soil fertility is high and the base fertilizer and mouth fertilizer are sufficient, the panicle fertilizer can be harvested 7-10 days before tasselling. This can avoid the early vegetative vegetative growth is too luxuriant, but also conducive to prolonging the late fertility leaf functional period, to increase the number of grains per spike and increase the weight of 1000 has an important role.
Phase dressing
Sandy soils, especially sand and gravel soils, should not be topdressed excessively at one time and should be top-dressed in stages to reduce leakage and volatilization losses. Topdressing must be deeply chased. Practice has shown that top-dressing is 8-10 cm deeper than 2 cm deep and increases production by 10%-15%, and fertilizer utilization increases by about 15%. Granular fertilizer can be determined according to the circumstances, mainly to prevent premature aging of leaves and increase 100-grain weight. The amount of high-yielding grain fertilizer accounts for 10%-20% of top dressing. In a word, top-dressing according to the leaf age index, the deep top-dressing was performed in different grades according to the requirements of “light weight, light weight, heavy weight before middle-quality field, light weight, light weight, and heavy weight before high-yield fieldâ€.
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