Wild Vegetables - Cultivation Technique of Bracken
Bracken is a perennial apple plant of the fern family, which can be used for frying, dipping, pickling, pickling, and preservation. It can also be preserved, dried, and pickled for years. The bracken is crisp and sweet, rich in fragrance, unique in flavor and rich in nutrition. According to the determination, bracken is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates and trace elements, also contains amino acids, alkaloids and other substances, is a nutritional health food, regular consumption of tranquilizers, blood pressure, diuretic, antipyretic, anthelmintic Other effects. With the increase in the demand of domestic and foreign markets, wild resources alone cannot meet the needs of the market, and artificial cultivation is imperative.
First, growth habits
It is wild in the mountain secondary forest and wasteland that are 250-1000 meters above sea level, with moist soil, thick humus layer and slightly acidic soil. Hi light, hi humid, hi cool, environmental conditions, resistant to cold, at -33 °C low temperature conditions can normally winter, in Jilin unearthed in early May, after the unearthed growth fast, about 5 days can grow to more than 30 cm, 8 ~ 10 days that is the exhibition of leaves, petiole aging after the exhibition leaves can not eat. From early August to early September, the spores mature and the mature spores spread with the wind, creating new individuals. Artificial cultivation is easy, the requirements for soil and environmental conditions are not strict, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is small, and there is no need for too much management. The growth is higher than that of the wild and the yield is higher than that of the wild.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Selection
Choose mountainous areas, abandoned land, foothills, and flattened land with slopes below 25 degrees. Soils with fertile soil, loose soil, deep soil, thick humus, high organic matter content, and sufficient moisture content. Plots with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5, convenient drainage, and high air humidity.
2. Make bed
Remove the weeds, pick out the stones, spread 4000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, deep-dip 30 cm, and combine the deep application of manure to fully mix with the soil. After the bed was leveled and leveled, the bed was 1.5 cm wide, 20 cm high, and the bed spacing was 40 cm. The length of the bed was determined by the topography. The bed was made along the slope in order to prevent rain or water from eroding the bed. After making a bed, flat the bed to be planted.
3. The breeding method
1 rhizome breeding. After the autumn part of the fern on the ground after the death or spring land after the frozen fern sprouts, ferns and fern roots stems. Rhizomes are distributed in 8-25 cm soil layers. The rhizomes are slender, with diameters of 0.5-0.8 cm and internode lengths of 8-20 cm. Avoid shoots when cutting. After excavation, bury it with soil to avoid loss of water to facilitate survival. After the excavation, thick, disease-free and wound-free rhizomes are selected. Each section is cut into sections. Each section is 8 to 10 cm in length and can be planted after cutting. In the bed by row spacing 20 cm ditch, ditch depth 10 cm, will cut the root section of a section of planted in the ditch, cover 6 to 8 cm, and then cover the deciduous or straw, with uncovered soil is appropriate, insulation moisture. Every 667 square meters requires about 110 kilograms of rhizomes. Spring plants can emerge after 20 days. This method is used for multiplication in production. The technology is simple, easy to grasp and operate.
2 spore reproduction. After the spores have matured, spores are harvested, newspapers or plastic sheets are placed under the plants, and the leaves are hand- beaten to make the spores fall on the newspaper to obtain spores. The spores taken on the paper were evenly blown onto the bed that had been made. Slightly suppressed, covered with deciduous or straw insulation moisturizing, can emerge in the spring of the following year. This method is technically difficult, the time is not easy to grasp, the operation must be fine, and it is not easy to succeed.
4. Field Management:
1 Clear the ground. Every spring, the dried stems and leaves are burned before the bracken sprouts, which can promote early growth and increase yield. Or dry the stems and leaves of the ground with a guillotine knife and move to the ground to ensure that the ground is clean and easy to emerge and manage.
2 fertilization. After removing the ground material, timely fertilization should be applied. The organic fertilizer should be applied on the surface of the bed, and the thickness should be 2 to 3 cm. It should not be too thick so as not to affect the seedling emergence. It is best to use pig manure every other year.
3 Irrigation drainage. When water is needed in drought, water should be kept in time to keep the soil moist and meet the humid environment conditions needed for the growth of the bracken. In the rainy season, attention must be paid to water accumulation. Water should be drained in time to prevent flooding.
4 Weeding. After the seedlings are unearthed, weeding and weeding should be conducted in time to reduce nutrient consumption, promote seedling growth, and increase harvest times and yield.
Third, harvest
The first year of bracken cultivation is generally not harvested, in order to facilitate the growth of roots, roots, planting 1 can be harvested for about 10 years. Every spring in mid-May, when the seedlings are 25-40 cm in height, the petioles are young and harvested when the leaves have not been expanded. Harvested for the second time in 12 days or so after harvesting, it can be harvested 4 to 5 times continuously. After 3 years, 2000 kg of fresh bracken can be produced.
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