Study on Extraction and Separation of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine by New Technology
2019-09-10 10:04:24
The level of traditional Chinese medicine research and the guarantee of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine depend to a large extent on the results of extraction and separation of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Compared with the traditional Chinese medicine active ingredient extraction and separation method, the new separation technology has obvious superiority. The use of such high-tech to study modern Chinese medicine is an important way to modernize Chinese medicine, and it will inject new vitality into the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
â– Supercritical fluid extraction technology
Supercritical fluid extraction is a new technology for extracting and separating target components by supercritical fluid instead of conventional organic solvents. Compared with the traditional extraction separation method, the supercritical fluid extraction technology has the advantage of extracting and separating the compounds with different polarities and different boiling points under normal temperature conditions, and almost retains all the active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine, without organic solvent residues. Among them, the extraction of the active ingredient of the medicine has high purity, high yield, simple operation and energy saving. Some studies have found that the content of ferulic acid in Chuanxiong can be up to 0.04% by supercritical fluid extraction technology, while the ferulic acid content extracted by solvent method is only 0.02%. It shows that the application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine has broad prospects, especially for some traditional Chinese medicines with less resources, good curative effect, small dosage and high added value.
â– Macroporous resin adsorption method
The macroporous resin adsorption separation technology is a new extraction and refining process for removing the ineffective components by selectively adsorbing the active ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicine compound decoction using a special adsorbent. In addition, the macroporous adsorption resin can also be applied to the pre-separation before the determination of the composition content of the active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient operation, energy saving, low cost, high product purity, no moisture absorption, and the like, and therefore the application of the macroporous resin adsorption method in the research and production of traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly widespread. The application of this method to the separation of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine has achieved quite remarkable results. In recent years, the macroporous adsorption resin method has been widely applied to the separation and purification of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. It has been reported that the separation of bamboo leaf flavonoids is carried out by six macroporous resin adsorption methods. Among them, AB-8 resin is more suitable for the purification of bamboo leaf flavonoids. After adsorption and separation by AB-8 resin, the flavonoid content in the extract is more than doubled. . The brain health oral liquid was refined by the macroporous resin method, and the clarity of the brain Kang oral liquid refined by the macroporous resin method was significantly improved. At present, this technology has been widely used in the purification of glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids in China. With the further deepening of basic research and the further improvement of relevant standards and regulations, the purification technology of macroporous resin will become an important means to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
â– Semi-bionic extraction method
The semi-bionic extraction method (SBE) is a new method proposed in recent years. From the perspective of biopharmaceutics, it combines the whole drug research method with the molecular drug research method, simulates the environment in which the oral drug is transported and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, and adopts the guided separation method under the guidance of activity; it is administered orally through the digestive tract. A new extraction process for formulation design.
The main features of the semi-bionic extraction method are as follows: the extraction process conforms to the characteristics of compatibility and clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine and the characteristics of oral drug absorption and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Second, in the specific process selection, both the active mixed component and the monomer component are considered as indicators, so that not only the comprehensive effect of the mixture can be fully utilized, but also the monomer component can be used to control the quality of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Third, the loss of active ingredients is small. In the study of multiple single-flavor traditional Chinese medicines and compound preparations, the semi-bionic extraction method has shown great advantages and broad application prospects. Studies ferulic acid, alkali Sophora, matrine and dry extract as an index of extraction technology flavescens pill study comparing SBE and water extraction (WE method), the comprehensive evaluation 4 It was found that the SBE method is superior to the WE method. However, the current semi-bionic extraction method still follows the high-temperature decoction method, which easily affects many effective active ingredients and reduces the efficacy. Therefore, some scholars suggest changing the extraction temperature to near-human temperature, adding the human body digestive enzyme active substance to the extract, so that the extraction process is closer to the drug absorption and absorption process in the human gastrointestinal tract, which is more in line with the syndrome differentiation treatment. Medical theory.
â– Enzyme engineering technology
Enzyme engineering technology is a bioengineering technology used in important industries in recent years. Traditional extraction methods such as boiling, organic solvent leaching alcohol treatment, etc., high extraction temperature, low extraction rate, waste of ethanol, high cost, unsafe, and the appropriate enzyme can be used to gently decompose plant tissue by enzyme reaction , accelerate the release of the active ingredient. The corresponding enzymes can be used to decompose impurities, such as starch, protein, pectin, etc., which affect the clarity of liquid preparations, and also promote the conversion of certain low-polarity fat-soluble components into glycoside-soluble components, which are beneficial for extraction. . Enzymatic method has great application potential in drug extraction, but the technology also has certain limitations. The enzyme extraction method requires relatively high experimental conditions. In order to make the enzyme play a large role, it is necessary to first determine through experiments, and to grasp the suitable temperature, pH value and action time of Zui.
â– Superfine grinding technology
Ultrafine pulverization is a high-tech that has been rapidly developed in recent years, and can process raw materials into micron or even nanometer-sized micropowder. It is especially suitable for the pulverization of plant-based Chinese medicinal materials with many fibers, thereby improving drug absorption rate, bioavailability and enhancing targeting. Ultrafine pulverization is mainly applied to the smashing of some precious medicinal materials and rare medicinal materials, such as ginseng , pearl, notoginseng , gastrodia elata , scorpion horn, antelope horn and so on. However, it should be determined according to the specific variety, and the particle size of the zui should be determined to better play the role of ultrafine pulverization. Some medicinal materials are not suitable for ultra-fine pulverization. For example, medicinal materials containing starch and more mucus, these ineffective ingredients will be released due to excessive exposure of ultrafine pulverization, affecting the release and absorption of active ingredients.
â– High speed centrifugal separation technology
Centrifugal separation is a method in which the centrifugal acceleration exceeds the gravitational acceleration by hundreds of thousands of times by the high-speed operation of the centrifuge, and the sedimentation speed is increased to accelerate the precipitation and removal of impurities in the chemical solution. Combined with the multi-stage filtration method, the pre-filtration in the injection production can greatly improve the filtration speed and effect, save time and effort, and improve the clarity of the injection. As a physical separation technology, high-speed centrifugation can effectively prevent the loss of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine during the separation process. Zui can preserve the active ingredients of the drug to a large extent, and can shorten the process.
â– High speed countercurrent chromatography separation technology
High-speed countercurrent chromatography is a liquid-liquid partition chromatography technique that does not use any carrier or support. The technology has high separation efficiency, high product purity, no adsorption and contamination of the sample by the carrier, and has the advantages of large preparation amount and less solvent pump, and can be widely applied in the fields of bioengineering, medicine, medicine, chemical industry and food. In the late 1980s, it was widely used in the separation preparation and analysis of natural pharmaceutical ingredients. It has been reported that the separation of components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, and coumarins has been achieved by this technique. The high-speed countercurrent chromatography separation method is not only suitable for the separation of non-polar compounds, but also for the separation of polar compounds, and can also be applied to the separation or further purification and purification of various components in crude extracts of traditional Chinese medicines. This technology is expected to become a new method for the research and analysis of the quality standard of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, and it will also become a new separation technology for the production of traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
â– Molecular imprinting separation technology
Molecularly imprinted separation technology is a high molecular polymer that selectively recognizes such molecules, which is a molecularly imprinted polymer, and then uses such a molecule as a imprinted molecule (also referred to as a template or a substrate). The imprinted polymer (MIP) is a stationary phase for chromatographic separation techniques. Its large feature is strong molecular recognition, high selectivity, and the MIP produced has a high degree of cross-linking, the stationary phase is not easily deformed, and has good mechanical properties and long service life. Molecular imprinting separation technology is an efficient separation technique for active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have shown that compared with the traditional separation and purification methods, the cyclodextrin molecularly imprinted polymer is used to separate and purify puerarin, and the puerarin can be separated and purified to 98% in one step, the yield is over 80%, and the traditional method is used for separation and purification. It takes 6 steps and the yield is only about 10%.
In addition, ultrasonic extraction technology, microwave-assisted extraction technology, molecular rectification and short-range rectification, Chinese medicine flocculation separation technology, aqueous two-phase extraction technology, liquid flooding method, air blasting method, etc., are successively obtained in the extraction and separation technology of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. The application. It can be predicted that these modern high technologies will have a profound impact on the pace of modernization of Chinese medicine.
â– Supercritical fluid extraction technology
Supercritical fluid extraction is a new technology for extracting and separating target components by supercritical fluid instead of conventional organic solvents. Compared with the traditional extraction separation method, the supercritical fluid extraction technology has the advantage of extracting and separating the compounds with different polarities and different boiling points under normal temperature conditions, and almost retains all the active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine, without organic solvent residues. Among them, the extraction of the active ingredient of the medicine has high purity, high yield, simple operation and energy saving. Some studies have found that the content of ferulic acid in Chuanxiong can be up to 0.04% by supercritical fluid extraction technology, while the ferulic acid content extracted by solvent method is only 0.02%. It shows that the application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine has broad prospects, especially for some traditional Chinese medicines with less resources, good curative effect, small dosage and high added value.
â– Macroporous resin adsorption method
The macroporous resin adsorption separation technology is a new extraction and refining process for removing the ineffective components by selectively adsorbing the active ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicine compound decoction using a special adsorbent. In addition, the macroporous adsorption resin can also be applied to the pre-separation before the determination of the composition content of the active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient operation, energy saving, low cost, high product purity, no moisture absorption, and the like, and therefore the application of the macroporous resin adsorption method in the research and production of traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly widespread. The application of this method to the separation of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine has achieved quite remarkable results. In recent years, the macroporous adsorption resin method has been widely applied to the separation and purification of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. It has been reported that the separation of bamboo leaf flavonoids is carried out by six macroporous resin adsorption methods. Among them, AB-8 resin is more suitable for the purification of bamboo leaf flavonoids. After adsorption and separation by AB-8 resin, the flavonoid content in the extract is more than doubled. . The brain health oral liquid was refined by the macroporous resin method, and the clarity of the brain Kang oral liquid refined by the macroporous resin method was significantly improved. At present, this technology has been widely used in the purification of glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids in China. With the further deepening of basic research and the further improvement of relevant standards and regulations, the purification technology of macroporous resin will become an important means to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
â– Semi-bionic extraction method
The semi-bionic extraction method (SBE) is a new method proposed in recent years. From the perspective of biopharmaceutics, it combines the whole drug research method with the molecular drug research method, simulates the environment in which the oral drug is transported and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, and adopts the guided separation method under the guidance of activity; it is administered orally through the digestive tract. A new extraction process for formulation design.
The main features of the semi-bionic extraction method are as follows: the extraction process conforms to the characteristics of compatibility and clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine and the characteristics of oral drug absorption and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Second, in the specific process selection, both the active mixed component and the monomer component are considered as indicators, so that not only the comprehensive effect of the mixture can be fully utilized, but also the monomer component can be used to control the quality of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Third, the loss of active ingredients is small. In the study of multiple single-flavor traditional Chinese medicines and compound preparations, the semi-bionic extraction method has shown great advantages and broad application prospects. Studies ferulic acid, alkali Sophora, matrine and dry extract as an index of extraction technology flavescens pill study comparing SBE and water extraction (WE method), the comprehensive evaluation 4 It was found that the SBE method is superior to the WE method. However, the current semi-bionic extraction method still follows the high-temperature decoction method, which easily affects many effective active ingredients and reduces the efficacy. Therefore, some scholars suggest changing the extraction temperature to near-human temperature, adding the human body digestive enzyme active substance to the extract, so that the extraction process is closer to the drug absorption and absorption process in the human gastrointestinal tract, which is more in line with the syndrome differentiation treatment. Medical theory.
â– Enzyme engineering technology
Enzyme engineering technology is a bioengineering technology used in important industries in recent years. Traditional extraction methods such as boiling, organic solvent leaching alcohol treatment, etc., high extraction temperature, low extraction rate, waste of ethanol, high cost, unsafe, and the appropriate enzyme can be used to gently decompose plant tissue by enzyme reaction , accelerate the release of the active ingredient. The corresponding enzymes can be used to decompose impurities, such as starch, protein, pectin, etc., which affect the clarity of liquid preparations, and also promote the conversion of certain low-polarity fat-soluble components into glycoside-soluble components, which are beneficial for extraction. . Enzymatic method has great application potential in drug extraction, but the technology also has certain limitations. The enzyme extraction method requires relatively high experimental conditions. In order to make the enzyme play a large role, it is necessary to first determine through experiments, and to grasp the suitable temperature, pH value and action time of Zui.
â– Superfine grinding technology
Ultrafine pulverization is a high-tech that has been rapidly developed in recent years, and can process raw materials into micron or even nanometer-sized micropowder. It is especially suitable for the pulverization of plant-based Chinese medicinal materials with many fibers, thereby improving drug absorption rate, bioavailability and enhancing targeting. Ultrafine pulverization is mainly applied to the smashing of some precious medicinal materials and rare medicinal materials, such as ginseng , pearl, notoginseng , gastrodia elata , scorpion horn, antelope horn and so on. However, it should be determined according to the specific variety, and the particle size of the zui should be determined to better play the role of ultrafine pulverization. Some medicinal materials are not suitable for ultra-fine pulverization. For example, medicinal materials containing starch and more mucus, these ineffective ingredients will be released due to excessive exposure of ultrafine pulverization, affecting the release and absorption of active ingredients.
â– High speed centrifugal separation technology
Centrifugal separation is a method in which the centrifugal acceleration exceeds the gravitational acceleration by hundreds of thousands of times by the high-speed operation of the centrifuge, and the sedimentation speed is increased to accelerate the precipitation and removal of impurities in the chemical solution. Combined with the multi-stage filtration method, the pre-filtration in the injection production can greatly improve the filtration speed and effect, save time and effort, and improve the clarity of the injection. As a physical separation technology, high-speed centrifugation can effectively prevent the loss of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine during the separation process. Zui can preserve the active ingredients of the drug to a large extent, and can shorten the process.
â– High speed countercurrent chromatography separation technology
High-speed countercurrent chromatography is a liquid-liquid partition chromatography technique that does not use any carrier or support. The technology has high separation efficiency, high product purity, no adsorption and contamination of the sample by the carrier, and has the advantages of large preparation amount and less solvent pump, and can be widely applied in the fields of bioengineering, medicine, medicine, chemical industry and food. In the late 1980s, it was widely used in the separation preparation and analysis of natural pharmaceutical ingredients. It has been reported that the separation of components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, and coumarins has been achieved by this technique. The high-speed countercurrent chromatography separation method is not only suitable for the separation of non-polar compounds, but also for the separation of polar compounds, and can also be applied to the separation or further purification and purification of various components in crude extracts of traditional Chinese medicines. This technology is expected to become a new method for the research and analysis of the quality standard of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, and it will also become a new separation technology for the production of traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
â– Molecular imprinting separation technology
Molecularly imprinted separation technology is a high molecular polymer that selectively recognizes such molecules, which is a molecularly imprinted polymer, and then uses such a molecule as a imprinted molecule (also referred to as a template or a substrate). The imprinted polymer (MIP) is a stationary phase for chromatographic separation techniques. Its large feature is strong molecular recognition, high selectivity, and the MIP produced has a high degree of cross-linking, the stationary phase is not easily deformed, and has good mechanical properties and long service life. Molecular imprinting separation technology is an efficient separation technique for active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have shown that compared with the traditional separation and purification methods, the cyclodextrin molecularly imprinted polymer is used to separate and purify puerarin, and the puerarin can be separated and purified to 98% in one step, the yield is over 80%, and the traditional method is used for separation and purification. It takes 6 steps and the yield is only about 10%.
In addition, ultrasonic extraction technology, microwave-assisted extraction technology, molecular rectification and short-range rectification, Chinese medicine flocculation separation technology, aqueous two-phase extraction technology, liquid flooding method, air blasting method, etc., are successively obtained in the extraction and separation technology of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. The application. It can be predicted that these modern high technologies will have a profound impact on the pace of modernization of Chinese medicine.
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