Edible mushroom culture material microbial starter and application thereof

The cultivation process of edible fungi is complicated, and it is difficult for practitioners to master it, which is one of the main causes of cultivation failure. The quality of culture materials is the key to the success or failure of cultivation and the high and low yield. Zui early people cultivated mushrooms, the culture materials take a fermentation, often due to incomplete fermentation, so that the beneficial bacteria can not be fully propagated, resulting in serious contamination of the bacteria. Later, on the basis of the pre-fermentation, the culture material was transferred into a closed mushroom house (shed), steam was introduced, and the temperature was manually controlled to reduce the contamination of the bacteria, which increased the yield compared with the first fermentation. . However, the secondary fermentation is labor-intensive, time-consuming, energy-consuming, cost-increasing, and low in efficiency. First, the advantages of the starter: In recent years, microbial researchers have developed a low, medium and high temperature compound type of microorganism (enzyme bacteria) starter. The wide application of starter instead of secondary fermentation has achieved good results in production. Compared with the secondary fermentation, the single fermentation of the starter has the following advantages: (1) The temperature change of the material. The fermenting agent fermentation temperature rises rapidly to above 60 °C, and can still be kept at 50 °C for several days in the falling process; while the secondary fermentation material temperature can rise to above 60 °C in a short time, but drops below 40 °C. The process is extremely fast, and the temperature of the material can be maintained at around 50 °C only by manual control during post-fermentation. The two fermentation methods, different material temperature changes, have different preventive effects on the bacteria. The former is rapidly propagated due to the high activity of the high-temperature type beneficial bacteria, so that the temperature of the material is maintained at about 50 ° C for a long time. Thus, not only the bacteria were killed, but most of the eggs were also killed. In the latter case, the temperature of the material drops rapidly between before and after fermentation, which brings opportunities for the invasion of bacteria. (2) Changes in microorganisms in the culture material. The fermenting agent is fermented, and the beneficial bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the feed are faster than the second fermentation, and the number is large. Especially the actinomycetes are more than 100 times of the secondary fermentation, and a large number of beneficial bacteria are “pre-emptive” and occupied. Position, crowded the living space of bacteria. Because the number of beneficial bacteria is large, the heat generated by the flora activity is also large, so the temperature of the material can rise rapidly and remain for a long time in a short time. At the same time, the antibiotics of the beneficial flora - antibiotics are also a barrier to the return of the bacteria. (3) Changes in nutrients in the culture material. During the fermentation process, due to the action of the microbial population in the starter, the cellulose-decomposing fungi and actinomycetes multiply, so that the content of cellulose in the culture material is gradually reduced, the content of soluble sugar is gradually increased, and the total nitrogen content is 2.08. % is higher than the second fermentation by 1.96% and 0.12%. The total carbon content is lower than that of the second fermentation. The carbon-nitrogen ratio is more suitable. The free protein is converted into the complete hyphae protein suitable for the growth of edible fungus hyphae. The mycelium grows robustly. (4) The use of the starter has broadened the raw material resources of the culture materials and the amount of manure added. The cultivation of edible fungi is mainly based on cotton husk, and a large number of crop stalks are often burned on the spot and pollute the environment. The main reason is that the fermentation of conventional fermented straw is incomplete, the cellulose is not well decomposed and transformed, and the edible fungus hyphae are not easily absorbed. , resulting in low production. The use of starter solves this problem. Chicken, duck and other poultry manure are hot manure, rich in nutrients, commonly used in all edible fungi cultivation accessories, cow dung is cold fertilizer, low nutrient, commonly used in cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushrooms and straw mushrooms; pig manure, silkworm The manure is a cold fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients and is often used as an auxiliary material for cultivation of various edible fungi. Because conventional fermentation tends to be incompletely fermented, it often leads to serious pests or "burning bacteria", and the amount of addition is small. With the increase of the price of bran and cake fertilizer, it is a good way to ferment the fermenting agent with manure to replace the bran and cake fertilizer to increase the “nitrogen source” of the culture material, and the fermenting agent can appropriately increase the amount of manure added. The use of a starter can reuse the waste. If the clinker or raw material fails to grow, the old bag, the old material, the polluted material, and the non-contaminated waste mushroom rod that has been cultivated by other raw materials may be added with a certain proportion of fresh material, and other mushrooms may be cultivated after being treated with the starter. The use of the starter can be changed from clinker cultivation to fermented material cultivation, such as Flammulina velutipes, Bailing mushroom, shiitake mushroom and Xanthomonas mushroom, which can reduce cost, reduce pollution, easy operation and increase yield. Second, the specific application (a) enzyme bacteria activation. 1000 kg of cultivation material is used for 1 kg of starter and 15-20 kg of auxiliary material. First, the excipients (brown or cottonseed, manure, cake powder, etc.) are mixed with clean warm water (the fresh manure is mixed with the dry material in the cultivation material), and the water content is adjusted to 60%-65%. Stir well, keep warm, moisturize and suffocate for about 4 hours to activate the enzyme bacteria. There is manure cultivation, dry manure needs to be pre-wet, fresh manure is mixed with some dry materials in the cultivation material, water is adjusted to 60%-65%, the activated starter is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed to build a manure pile of 70-80 cm height. 20cm, use a wooden stick to make a vent, cover the sack or grass, keep moisturizing and ferment for 5-6 days, and turn it in the middle. (2) Building a pile. There is manure cultivation, and the main materials of straw and sawdust need to be soaked and softened 3 days in advance. Before the pile is built, mix the softened straw or sawdust with the treated manure, stir evenly, and build a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of about 120 cm, a top width of 80-100 cm, and a height of 70-80 cm (in winter, it can be increased) Use a wooden stick to make a vent hole from top to bottom every 30 cm. When punching, shake the stick and increase the diameter of the vent. The manure-free cultivation can directly mix the activated starter with the treated main ingredient. (3) Coverage. After the pile is punched, the surface of the pile is covered with a sack or grasshopper to keep it warm and moisturized, and it cannot be covered with a plastic film. If covered with plastic film, it should be made into plastic small arch shed according to the length and width of the material pile. The shed is about 10 cm away from the pile surface, and the bottom is compacted around. The small vents are left at both ends of the arch shed to achieve heat preservation, moisturizing and ventilation. (4) Transfer water and adjust pH value. After the addition of the starter, the number of times of turning is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the pH with 5% of the quicklime water in the second turn. (5) Adding auxiliary materials. Phosphate fertilizer, calcium and organic auxiliary materials such as manure, cake powder, bran, corn flour, etc. should be added during the construction; urea and the like can be added according to the number of times of turning; gypsum should be added in the second turn. (6) Turning piles and fermentation cycle. 2-3 days after the culture material is built, the material temperature can reach about 65 °C, and it can be turned over in 2-3 days. After the turn of the zui, it can be sown for 3-5 days. Straw mushroom cultivation and fermentation 5-6 days, turn 1-2 times; Coprinus comatus fermentation 7-8 days, if wood chips, straw mainly fermentation 8-9 days, turn 2-3 times; Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus fermentation It is mainly cottonseed and corn cob, fermented for 6-7 days, mainly straw, fermented for 8-10 days, turned over 2-3 times; shiitake mushroom, Bailing mushroom, tea mushroom, almond mushroom, coarse fungus, Flammulina, scutellaria, ganoderma lucidum and other clinker cultivation and fermentation for 4-5 days, fermented material for 7-8 days, turn over 2-3 times; Agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom cultivation and fermentation for 15-17 days, turn over 2 times, 2nd The second turn should be carried out 7-10 days after the first turn. When turning over the pile, be sure to turn the surface material and the unsoiled material into the middle of the pile. (7) Fermented material maturity standard. The water content of the clinker should be 60%-65%, the color of the material is light brown, elastic, not sticky, the straw is easy to break, the surface of the pile has a large number of actinomycetes, no ammonia smell, no smell. It has no sour taste and aroma. (8) Pest control. Fermentation materials or clinker cultivation should be sprayed with insecticides such as cypermethrin or 43% mushroom emulsifiable concentrate before the culture material is finished at the end of bagging or on the shelf, while spraying and turning to ensure that there is no pest invasion. Third, pay attention to matters. (1) It is necessary to avoid the direct mixing of bactericide such as carbendazim and quicklime with the starter; (2) After the culture material is piled up at * times, if the temperature of the material is kept above 65 °C for a long time, the cover should be reduced or removed. , increase venting holes, reduce stack height and other measures, so that the material temperature is controlled below 60 ° C; (3) Brazil mushroom, Agaricus bisporus cultivation, manure can be increased to 30%, manure accounted for 2/3 of cow dung, chicken manure accounted for 1/ 3 is better; fresh chicken manure in the cultivation of wood rot fungi such as oyster mushroom, oyster mushroom, and chicken leg mushroom should be controlled within 25%, dry chicken manure should be controlled within 15%; (4) high temperature season, bran, corn flour The amount of addition should be less than 8%, the chicken manure should be less than 10%; (5) The fermentation time should be shortened during the high temperature season, and the pile should be turned over; (6) The high-temperature season raw material bag must not forget to close the small hole in the bacteria bag.

We can do Tomato Paste with different packaging 70g to 4.5kg Canned Tomato Paste and 40g, 50g, 56g, 70g Sachet Tomato Paste, Drum Tomato Paste, besides, there are Other Tomato Products for your choice: Diced tomato, Peel tomato, Spicy tomato paste, 40g Tube tomato paste, and so on. We can do different flavor as customer's need with high quality and factory price. If you are interested in our tomato paste or other tomato products.

*Related Products:tomato processing plant,whole peeled tomato,diced tomato.

Other Tomato Products

Sachet Tomato Paste,Gino Tomato Paste,Rosa Tomato Paste,Pouch Tomato Paste,Safa Tomato Paste,Importing Tomato Paste

Hebei Tomato Industry Co., Ltd. , https://www.hebeitomato.com