Straw returning method in winter
1. The late-season high-leaved piles of winter and green manure were returned to the field and the seeds of red flower grass, garden flowers, and waxy vegetables were evenly inserted into the late rice field before the late rice harvest. Late rice was harvested using high piles or mechanically harvested. Among them, the height of the pile is 40 cm to 45 cm, and about 80% of straw is returned to the field; 100% of straw harvested by machinery is returned to the field. In order to drain the surface water in a timely manner and maintain a moist state, we have mastered live seeds from 7 days to 10 days before the harvest of late rice. After the rice is harvested, the ditch is drained, and proper irrigation in the winter dry season is the key technology.
2. Straw-covered returning of vegetables and rapeseed The technology is suitable for crops such as garlic, cabbage, and rapeseed. Its technical points and operating procedures are as follows:
One is ploughing and soil preparation. On the basis of ploughing and grading the ground, the compartments are 1m to 1.2m wide, 20cm deep, and 20cm to 25cm wide.
The second is sowing or transplanting.
The third is to cover straw. The sown crops cover rice straw after sowing, covering 300 to 400 kg of rice straw per 667 square meters. Straw is covered in crops, placed neatly, and sowing lines are properly left blank for seedling emergence. Transplanted crops are covered with straw between rows after transplanting.
3. Rice fields, no-tillage, potato straw, returning to fields, low-post harvested late rice. When the late rice is harvested, it should be cut as much as possible to provide conditions for placing the straw.
The second is soil preparation. In the paddy fields, the width of the cabin is 1.2 meters, the width of the channel is 20 centimeters, the depth of the ditch is 20 centimeters, and the ditch is 30 centimeters deep.
The third is to put potatoes. The potato seeds are placed on the field surface in the regular row spacing, and the soil in the trench is crushed and evenly placed on the surface. Potatoes can be in a semi-exposed or fully exposed state. The fourth is cover grass. The thickness of the cover grass is 45 centimeters. About 1200 kg to 1,600 kg of straw are required for every 667 square meters of field.
4. The straw cover technology can be applied to orchards and unsealed tea gardens.
One is weeding and weeding. After the fruit is harvested, the fruit tea plantation can be ploughed and weeded, providing conditions for straw coverage.
The second is fertilization. Apply winter fertilizer to fruit tea garden according to conventional methods.
The third is cover grass. There are two ways to cover and partially cover the straw. Covering an area of ​​667 square meters, the mansion covers 600 to 700 kilograms of straw, and the straw covers the entire ground. Partial coverage covers the area within the canopy, that is, around the trunk of the fruit tree. Continuous coverage along the direction of the plant spacing can also be used. Every 667 square meters is required. 400-500 kg of rice straw, belonging to a ladder, covers the entire ladder (excluding the ladder) except for the inner ditch.
5. Xinkaiguo Tea Plantation straw is deeply buried and returned to the field for deep burial through the straw, which rapidly improves the physical and chemical properties of newly opened orchard soil. The technical steps and main points are as follows:
The first is to open a wide trench in the same height direction on the basis of leveling the land, with a depth of 1 meter each.
The second is to layer in various organic fertilizers. The first layer is Shanqing, weeds and straw, with a thickness of 30 cm to 35 cm and a cover soil thickness of 30 cm. The second layer is mainly straw and straw, and the cover grass thickness is 30 cm and the cover soil thickness is 30 cm. The third layer of fertilizer is organic fertilizer such as pig cow dung residue, and the thickness is 10 cm.
Matters needing attention 1 reasonable irrigation, do a good job of water management. Straw cover can increase the soil moisture content. Under normal climatic conditions, proper irrigation can meet crop water requirements. In case of winter drought, pay attention to increase the amount of irrigation, generally when the soil moisture content is lower than 13%, it is a necessary irrigation period. 2 It is prohibited to cover sick rice straw. All diseased grasses with sheath blight, bacterial blight, bacterial streak disease, and petecherosis should be burnt and cannot be used for field return.
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