Spinach planting technology: four seasons spinach planting schedule
Spinach is a family of plants, which is a one-and-two-year-old herb. Another name is red root vegetables, Persian dishes. The original Persian region is now introduced to China in the Tang Dynasty. Spinach has a long history of cultivation in China. It is widely cultivated in all parts of the country. It is characterized by wide adaptability, strong cold resistance, long supply period and easy harvesting. Therefore, it can be used in early spring. It is available in the off-season in autumn and winter and is one of the important vegetables in the autumn, winter and spring of the north. Let's take a look at the spinach planting technology with Hui Nongwang Xiaobian!
First, spinach planting time and variety selection
Autumn spinach cultivation time is generally from August to September, and can be harvested in batches 30-40 days after sowing. For autumn spinach varieties, early-maturing varieties that are more heat-resistant and fast-growing should be used, such as yellow autumn big leaves, plow head spines, Huashang No. 1, and Guangdong round leaves.
The wintering time of spinach is generally 10 mid-November in early November, and can be harvested in batches before and after the Spring Festival. The wintering spinach should choose medium- and late-maturing varieties with strong winter, long twitching and cold resistance, such as late-leaf spinach, round-leaf spine, Huashen No. 1, Liaoning Round Leaf and so on.
The time for planting spring spinach is generally started when the temperature rises to above 5 degrees Celsius in spring, and is suitable for sowing in March. It is harvested 30-50 days after sowing. Spring spinach should be selected for late sampling and leaf hypertrophy, such as late round. Leaf spinach, spring and autumn big leaves, Shenyang round leaves, Liaoning round leaves and so on.
Summer spinach planting time is usually planted in stages from May to July, and can be harvested in tandem from late June to mid-September. Xia Bocai should use varieties with strong heat resistance, rapid growth and not easy to twitch, such as Huabo No.1 and Chunqiu. Leaves, Guangdong round leaves, etc.
Second, spinach planting technology points:
1. Site preparation
Choose loose and fertile, water and fertilizer, well irrigation and drainage conditions, slightly acidic loam, PH value 5.5-7. When the whole land is planted, 40 kg of calcium phosphate and 4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer will be applied. In winter and spring, sorghum should be used, and in summer and autumn, it should be flat, and the width is generally 1.2-1.5 m.
2. Seeding and seedling
Generally used broadcast.
Sowing in summer and autumn 1 week before sowing, the seeds are soaked in water for 12 hours, placed in the well or treated in a refrigerator or refrigerator at about 4 degrees Celsius for 24 hours, then germinated at 20-25 degrees Celsius, and sprouted for 3-5 days. Then you can sow. Dry seeds or wet seeds can be broadcast in winter and spring. Acre is planted 3-3.5 kg.
Before planting, pour the bottom of the water, and use the gums to gently pour the seeds into the soil, and cover the grass with ash.
After the summer and autumn broadcast, cover the straw with a straw or use a small arch shed to prevent high temperature and heavy rain. Also need to keep the soil warm, 6-7 days can be seedlings.
The temperature of winter sowing is low, and the plastic film or shade net can be covered on the raft to promote emergence. After the emergence, the film should be removed.
3. Field management
After the autumn spinach leaves the true leaves, pour the water for 1 time; when the two leaves are used, the weeds are combined with the seedlings, the top dressing is first light and then thick, and the early stage is applied with decomposed organic fertilizer; the growth period should be topdressed 2-3 times, per acre 5-10 kg per urea.
The soil should be kept moist after sowing winter spinach. When 3-4 true leaves are released, water should be controlled to facilitate wintering. 2-3 pieces of true leaves should be between 3-4 cm. According to the situation of the seedlings and the weather, the water and fertilizer are applied, and the organic fertilizer is mainly used. Frost or ice and snow weather should be covered with plastic film or shade net for insulation, covered by small arch shed. After the spring, chase the decomposed faecal water on a sunny day to prevent premature convulsions.
In the early stage of spring spinach, it is also necessary to cover the plastic film insulation, covering the surface of the shovel. After the emergence, it will be replaced by a small arch shed. The principle of using the small arch shed: clearing the rain cover and removing the night cover, the purpose is to make the seedlings more visible and And time seedlings. The principle of chasing fertilizer water: in the early stage, the application of fertilized organic fertilizer should be carried out in the early stage, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the later stage, especially 15 days before harvesting.
After the emergence of summer spinach, the sunshade net is still needed, and the cover should be covered with a clear cover and a late cover to facilitate the cooling and heat preservation. Watering in the seedling stage should be done in the morning or evening. After 2-3 pieces of true leaves, two quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers were applied. Water should be poured after each fertilization to promote growth.
4. Pest control
The aphids are sprayed with 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution or 50% anti-polycarb 2000-3000 times solution;
The leaf miner can spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution or 80% trichlorfon powder 1000 times solution spray;
Downy mildew requires 58% Rydmir 500 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution spray;
Anthrax was treated with 50% thiophanate 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 700 times solution.
5. Timely harvest
Generally, the seedling height is more than 10 cm and can be harvested in batches. 15 to 15 days before harvesting, 15-20 mg / kg of 92 ° spray surface can be used, and urea or ammonium sulfate can be added to harvest early to increase production.
6. Seeding
The sowing date of seedlings with spinach can be later than that of wintering spinach. The line spacing is 20-23 cm. After the spring return to green, the male plants and the early male plants were removed, and some of the male plants were preserved, so that the plant spacing was about 20 cm. During the convulsion period, less irrigation should be done to prevent the flower buds from falling and reducing seed yield. After flowering, water and top dressing should be applied, and 1%-2% calcium perphosphate clear liquid should be sprayed on the leaves to make the seeds full. Male plants should be removed from the male plants to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Harvested when the stems and leaves are mostly yellow and the seeds are ripe.
Construction sites are dynamic and complicated environments where efficiency is crucial to keeping projects on track. One key factor that affects efficiency is the transportation of materials and equipment from one location to another. Muck trucks are commonly used for this purpose, but they can be difficult to monitor and manage, which can result in delays, errors, and safety issues. Fortunately, muck truck monitoring systems can help address these challenges and improve the overall productivity of construction sites.
What is a Muck Truck Monitoring System?
A muck truck monitoring system is a set of technologies and tools that are used to track, manage, and optimize the use of muck trucks in construction sites. These systems typically include sensors, GPS devices, software applications, and communication networks that enable real-time monitoring and control of muck trucks.
Benefits of a Muck Truck Monitoring System
Implementing a muck truck monitoring system can provide numerous benefits to construction companies and workers, such as:
Improved Efficiency
By tracking the location and status of muck trucks, construction managers can optimize their use and reduce waiting times, idle times, and unnecessary trips. This can save time, fuel, and money, and improve the overall efficiency of the construction site.
Enhanced Safety
Muck truck monitoring systems can also improve the safety of workers and equipment by alerting operators and managers of potential hazards, such as collisions, overloading, and speeding. This can prevent accidents and injuries and reduce liability risks.
Increased Accountability
Muck truck monitoring systems can also provide detailed records of the movements and activities of muck trucks, which can help hold drivers and operators accountable for their actions and ensure compliance with regulations and policies.
Better Planning
By collecting and analyzing data on muck truck operations, construction managers can gain insights into patterns and trends that can inform better planning and decision-making. For example, they can identify areas of congestion or inefficiency and adjust schedules, routes, or resources accordingly.
How Does a Muck Truck Monitoring System Work?
A typical muck truck monitoring system consists of several components, such as:
Sensors
Sensors are devices that detect and measure physical properties, such as location, speed, acceleration, weight, and temperature. Muck truck monitoring systems may use various types of sensors, such as GPS, accelerometer, load cell, and temperature sensor, to collect data on muck truck operations.
GPS Devices
GPS devices are used to track the location and movement of muck trucks in real-time. They can provide accurate and reliable data on the position, speed, direction, and altitude of muck trucks, which can be visualized on maps or dashboards.
Software Applications
Software applications are used to process, store, and analyze the data collected from sensors and GPS devices. They can provide various features and functionalities, such as real-time monitoring, historical reporting, alerts, notifications, and analytics.
Communication Networks
Communication networks are used to transmit and receive data between the sensors, GPS devices, and software applications. They can use various technologies, such as Wi-Fi, cellular, satellite, or radio frequency, depending on the availability and reliability of the infrastructure.
Best Practices for Implementing a Muck Truck Monitoring System
To ensure the successful implementation and adoption of a muck truck monitoring system, construction companies should follow these best practices:
Define Goals and Objectives
Before selecting and implementing a muck truck monitoring system, construction managers should clearly define their goals and objectives, such as reducing waiting times, improving safety, or increasing accountability. This can help them identify the most suitable system and evaluate its effectiveness.
Involve Stakeholders
Construction managers should involve all stakeholders, such as muck truck operators, drivers, supervisors, and IT staff, in the planning and implementation process of a muck truck monitoring system. This can help ensure that the system meets the needs and expectations of all parties and that they receive adequate training and support to use it effectively.
Choose the Right System
There are various muck truck monitoring systems available on the market, each with different features, functionalities, and costs. Construction companies should evaluate their options and select the system that best suits their needs and budget. They should also consider the compatibility and integration of the system with their existing technologies and workflows.
Test and Validate
Before deploying the muck truck monitoring system on a large scale, construction companies should test and validate its performance and accuracy in a controlled environment. This can help identify any issues or limitations and ensure that the system works as intended.
Train and Educate
To maximize the benefits of a muck truck monitoring system, construction companies should provide adequate training and education to all stakeholders on how to use it effectively and safely. This can include hands-on demonstrations, user manuals, and online resources.
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