Rapeseed Mushrooms
2019-06-06 19:03:39
Mushrooms have long been mainly cultivated in indoor beds. In recent years, they have grown to orchards, interplanting small and medium-sized areas in sugar cane gardens, and planting in the fields. However, due to many factors, the rapid expansion of mushroom cultivation area is restricted. Based on the biological characteristics of the mushrooms and the climate and crop layout of the region, we have experimented and succeeded in planting mushrooms in rape fields. General mu investment 800 yuan -1000 yuan, can receive mushrooms 1000 kg -1200 kg, net income of 3,000 yuan. Compared with other mushroom cultivation methods, it has the advantages of low investment, short cycle, high efficiency, simple method, no need of special equipment, no positive breeding area, no competition with farmers, fewer diseases and insect pests, increased soil organic matter, improved soil, etc. Deeply welcomed by farmers. According to several years of planting experience, summarizing its high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques are as follows:
I. Consolidation of mushroom cultivation materials
1. According to the calculation of 1 mu of rapeseed intercropping mushrooms, 1800 kg of dry straw (or a small amount of rice straw) is needed, 800 kg to 1,000 kg of animal manure, 150 kg to 200 kg of dried cake, 25 kg of urea, 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, and superphosphate 80 kg of calcium and 60 kg of gypsum powder. Lime 30 kg, a number of high-quality cleaning water. If the amount of animal manure is insufficient, the amount of dried cakes may be appropriately increased.
2. Stacking rapeseed Interplanting mushrooms, covered only with straw, and cultivated in the early stage for open-air cultivation. Different from field planting and indoor mushroom cultivation, it is required that the cultivation time must avoid the heavy rain season. The cultivation time of Chengdu Plain is the upper and middle of October. Vulnerable to disasters, too late to affect the yield of autumn mushrooms. Therefore, the time for stockpiling is generally about 1 month before the next species, that is, in the middle of September.
3 to 5 days before the construction of the pile, use dry manure water to dry the dry manure and dried cake and mix well, mix wet, so as not to agglomerate, mix the gypsum for later use. Dried wheatgrass was cut into two sections, shaken, saturated with water and ammonium bicarbonate, and pre-stacked for 3 days to 5 days. When the heap is built, the stockpiling must be sunny and leeward. It is advisable to adopt the north-south direction. The width is 2.5 meters and the length depends on the amount of cultivated material. First use a grass tie, about 25 cm thick, and then fill in the same thickness, then spread the manure and wheat husks, etc. This layer of grass and a layer of manure, the material layer gradually thinning, the final layer of about 15 cm, piled up to 1.5 meters. Upper and lower layers are properly filled with water, and a small amount of water seeps out straight after being piled. At the same time as adding water, urea, superphosphate, etc. are added. The top is made into a turtle shape, covered with straw curtains, warming, moisturizing and rainproof.
3. The piles were piled and turned over 5 times. The interval time was usually 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 days, and the fields were dropped every 3 days. During the process of turning, the culture materials should be adjusted up, down, left and right, and the dung should be mixed evenly. The piled nourishment should be: soft texture, brown, not touched, no odor, ammonia smell, pinch the water by hand and pinch, without water droplets, pH = 7.
Second, cultivation methods and methods
1. After the preparation of the rice milk yellow, the ditch was drained in time, and the fields were ploughed in time. After harvesting, the vegetable fields required more cultivation and finer leveling.
2. Open the drainage ditch firstly, and then divide the car to east-west direction. The width of the car is 1.6 meters and it can be divided into 6 rows. The two rows are lined with rapeseed in the middle and the remaining two rows are sandwiched in the middle of rape as mushroom cultivation. The ditch is 26 centimeters wide and 16 centimeters deep. The management line between the car and the car is 50 centimeters wide and 25 centimeters deep.
3. After the completion of planting, the fillers will be planted and the Chengdu Plain will be strictly controlled in time in the middle and early October. First, fill in the ripening cultivation material into the row of grooves for planting mushrooms, gently pat it to make it elastic, 12 cm thick, then spread the bacteria on the top, use 2 bottles per square meter, and the inoculation amount is 10%-20. %. Then cover 5 cm thick culture material, require the material surface is slightly higher than the car surface, and then covered with straw, grass thickness of about 6 cm.
4. After about 15 layers of earth sowing, when the string of mycelium is full of material, and the depth of the material is more than 2/3, you can remove the grass covered straw and take the soil in place. The diameter of the earth particles is 0.5. Cm-2.5 cm, water content is about 18% (kneading with fingers can be made into pieces, and there is a crack), overdrying can be sprinkled with water, over-wet and then dry, cover the thickness of 4 cm-5 cm, and then Straw is covered again.
Third, field management
1. The management of autumn oyster mushrooms from the management of the mushrooms to the management of the oysters is focused on adjusting the water content of the covering layer. Generally speaking, the covering soil cannot be too dry and wet, and the humidity should be maintained at about 18%. When the mycelium grows to about 1 cm from the soil surface, it is necessary to enhance ventilation, reduce surface soil moisture, and prevent hyphae from rising. When the hypha begins to knit in the soil, water is sprayed in time to promote the formation of mushroom buds, and then the water is stopped for 2 days to 3 days. When a large number of mushroom buds appear, spray the mushroom water again. During the mushrooming period, the relative humidity of the microclimate is required to be maintained at 85%-95%, so it is continuously eye-catching. When the air is dry, it is necessary to increase the number and quantity of water sprays. If there is heavy rain or rain, the water spray should be stopped and covered with a film or the like. Rainwater must not be allowed to flow into the material. In addition, according to the amount of mushrooms to adjust the humidity, Mushroom more, when the mushrooms are more water, mushrooms, mushrooms less water, spray water early in the morning when the temperature is high, when the temperature is low at noon spray. Keep air ventilation after spraying water. Rape interplanting mushrooms, autumn mushrooms in November and December harvest, so early to prevent high temperature and humidity, late cold temperatures to prevent cold.
2. The suitable temperature for the management of mushroom mycelium growth in winter is 16°C-25°C, the optimum temperature for the mushroom is 16°C-20°C, the mushrooms below 8°C can not be normal, and fruit bodies above 22°C will die. Use plastic film or increase the thickness of cover grass to keep moisturizing. It is necessary to loosen the earth-covered layer and remove the yellow mycelium and dead mushroom (do not injure the forage material), and then make up the soil so that the soil surface is loose and smooth. A nutrient solution can be applied at this time to increase the hyphae vitality. During the winter, reduce the water spray, keep the soil from whitening, and the soil pellets are flattened and broken.
3. Spring mushroom management Spring mushroom refers to the mushroom from late February to early May, and it is rich in late March to late April. During this period, the temperature changed from low to high, and the change was large. The rainwater was from low to high and was not stable. Therefore, the temperature should be mainly in the early stage, and the number and quantity of water sprays should be increased at a later stage. Attention should be paid to cooling and moisturizing.
4. Mushroom harvesting When the mushrooms are fully grown and have not yet been opened, the harvest period is appropriate. When picking, it is necessary to adopt a big stay, collect in stages, and harvest in time. After the harvest, the residual mycelia above the soil layer should be cleared in time, and the wetted fines should be used to fill in the hole after the mushroom is harvested to keep the bed flat to facilitate mushrooming.
I. Consolidation of mushroom cultivation materials
1. According to the calculation of 1 mu of rapeseed intercropping mushrooms, 1800 kg of dry straw (or a small amount of rice straw) is needed, 800 kg to 1,000 kg of animal manure, 150 kg to 200 kg of dried cake, 25 kg of urea, 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, and superphosphate 80 kg of calcium and 60 kg of gypsum powder. Lime 30 kg, a number of high-quality cleaning water. If the amount of animal manure is insufficient, the amount of dried cakes may be appropriately increased.
2. Stacking rapeseed Interplanting mushrooms, covered only with straw, and cultivated in the early stage for open-air cultivation. Different from field planting and indoor mushroom cultivation, it is required that the cultivation time must avoid the heavy rain season. The cultivation time of Chengdu Plain is the upper and middle of October. Vulnerable to disasters, too late to affect the yield of autumn mushrooms. Therefore, the time for stockpiling is generally about 1 month before the next species, that is, in the middle of September.
3 to 5 days before the construction of the pile, use dry manure water to dry the dry manure and dried cake and mix well, mix wet, so as not to agglomerate, mix the gypsum for later use. Dried wheatgrass was cut into two sections, shaken, saturated with water and ammonium bicarbonate, and pre-stacked for 3 days to 5 days. When the heap is built, the stockpiling must be sunny and leeward. It is advisable to adopt the north-south direction. The width is 2.5 meters and the length depends on the amount of cultivated material. First use a grass tie, about 25 cm thick, and then fill in the same thickness, then spread the manure and wheat husks, etc. This layer of grass and a layer of manure, the material layer gradually thinning, the final layer of about 15 cm, piled up to 1.5 meters. Upper and lower layers are properly filled with water, and a small amount of water seeps out straight after being piled. At the same time as adding water, urea, superphosphate, etc. are added. The top is made into a turtle shape, covered with straw curtains, warming, moisturizing and rainproof.
3. The piles were piled and turned over 5 times. The interval time was usually 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 days, and the fields were dropped every 3 days. During the process of turning, the culture materials should be adjusted up, down, left and right, and the dung should be mixed evenly. The piled nourishment should be: soft texture, brown, not touched, no odor, ammonia smell, pinch the water by hand and pinch, without water droplets, pH = 7.
Second, cultivation methods and methods
1. After the preparation of the rice milk yellow, the ditch was drained in time, and the fields were ploughed in time. After harvesting, the vegetable fields required more cultivation and finer leveling.
2. Open the drainage ditch firstly, and then divide the car to east-west direction. The width of the car is 1.6 meters and it can be divided into 6 rows. The two rows are lined with rapeseed in the middle and the remaining two rows are sandwiched in the middle of rape as mushroom cultivation. The ditch is 26 centimeters wide and 16 centimeters deep. The management line between the car and the car is 50 centimeters wide and 25 centimeters deep.
3. After the completion of planting, the fillers will be planted and the Chengdu Plain will be strictly controlled in time in the middle and early October. First, fill in the ripening cultivation material into the row of grooves for planting mushrooms, gently pat it to make it elastic, 12 cm thick, then spread the bacteria on the top, use 2 bottles per square meter, and the inoculation amount is 10%-20. %. Then cover 5 cm thick culture material, require the material surface is slightly higher than the car surface, and then covered with straw, grass thickness of about 6 cm.
4. After about 15 layers of earth sowing, when the string of mycelium is full of material, and the depth of the material is more than 2/3, you can remove the grass covered straw and take the soil in place. The diameter of the earth particles is 0.5. Cm-2.5 cm, water content is about 18% (kneading with fingers can be made into pieces, and there is a crack), overdrying can be sprinkled with water, over-wet and then dry, cover the thickness of 4 cm-5 cm, and then Straw is covered again.
Third, field management
1. The management of autumn oyster mushrooms from the management of the mushrooms to the management of the oysters is focused on adjusting the water content of the covering layer. Generally speaking, the covering soil cannot be too dry and wet, and the humidity should be maintained at about 18%. When the mycelium grows to about 1 cm from the soil surface, it is necessary to enhance ventilation, reduce surface soil moisture, and prevent hyphae from rising. When the hypha begins to knit in the soil, water is sprayed in time to promote the formation of mushroom buds, and then the water is stopped for 2 days to 3 days. When a large number of mushroom buds appear, spray the mushroom water again. During the mushrooming period, the relative humidity of the microclimate is required to be maintained at 85%-95%, so it is continuously eye-catching. When the air is dry, it is necessary to increase the number and quantity of water sprays. If there is heavy rain or rain, the water spray should be stopped and covered with a film or the like. Rainwater must not be allowed to flow into the material. In addition, according to the amount of mushrooms to adjust the humidity, Mushroom more, when the mushrooms are more water, mushrooms, mushrooms less water, spray water early in the morning when the temperature is high, when the temperature is low at noon spray. Keep air ventilation after spraying water. Rape interplanting mushrooms, autumn mushrooms in November and December harvest, so early to prevent high temperature and humidity, late cold temperatures to prevent cold.
2. The suitable temperature for the management of mushroom mycelium growth in winter is 16°C-25°C, the optimum temperature for the mushroom is 16°C-20°C, the mushrooms below 8°C can not be normal, and fruit bodies above 22°C will die. Use plastic film or increase the thickness of cover grass to keep moisturizing. It is necessary to loosen the earth-covered layer and remove the yellow mycelium and dead mushroom (do not injure the forage material), and then make up the soil so that the soil surface is loose and smooth. A nutrient solution can be applied at this time to increase the hyphae vitality. During the winter, reduce the water spray, keep the soil from whitening, and the soil pellets are flattened and broken.
3. Spring mushroom management Spring mushroom refers to the mushroom from late February to early May, and it is rich in late March to late April. During this period, the temperature changed from low to high, and the change was large. The rainwater was from low to high and was not stable. Therefore, the temperature should be mainly in the early stage, and the number and quantity of water sprays should be increased at a later stage. Attention should be paid to cooling and moisturizing.
4. Mushroom harvesting When the mushrooms are fully grown and have not yet been opened, the harvest period is appropriate. When picking, it is necessary to adopt a big stay, collect in stages, and harvest in time. After the harvest, the residual mycelia above the soil layer should be cleared in time, and the wetted fines should be used to fill in the hole after the mushroom is harvested to keep the bed flat to facilitate mushrooming.
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Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the lung airways that causes coughing, wheezing, chest tightness or shortness of breath, according to Tonya Winders, president of the Allergy & Asthma Network. These signs and symptoms may be worse when a person is exposed to their triggers, which can include air pollution, tobacco smoke, factory fumes, cleaning solvents, infections, pollens, foods, cold air, exercise, chemicals and medications.
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