Problems needing attention in the application of macroporous resin adsorption technology
2019-09-13 00:03:51
Due to its inherent properties, macroporous adsorption resins can enrich and separate drugs with different parent core structures and can be used for single or complex separation and purification. However, there are many types of macroporous adsorption resins, and their performances are different, and the traditional Chinese medicine ingredients are extremely complicated, especially the compound Chinese medicine. Therefore, the type and nature of the active ingredients must be clearly defined according to the function, according to the principle of “similar compatibilityâ€, that is, general Non-polar sorbents are suitable for adsorbing non-polar organics from polar solutions such as water; while high-polar sorbents are suitable for absorbing polar solutes from non-polar solutions; medium-polar sorbents are not only non-polar Polar substances are adsorbed in the aqueous medium, and at the same time they have a certain hydrophobicity, so that non-polar substances can also be adsorbed from the polar solution.
At present, the main problems in the application of macroporous resin adsorption separation technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine are:
First of all, the traditional Chinese medicine compound acts through multiple components and multiple targets. Its active ingredients belong to various chemical substances, and the physical and chemical properties vary greatly. However, the adsorption characteristics of macroporous resins for various components are generally different, and the adsorption amounts vary greatly. It is difficult to separate all the active ingredients with a resin, which often requires a combination of various resins, which increases the complexity and cost of the process. Moreover, some polysaccharide active ingredients and polypeptide active ingredients in Chinese medicine use large holes. The resin adsorption technology has a poor refining effect.
Secondly, the adsorption capacity of the macroporous resin needs to be improved.
Once again, the macroporous resin will fall off in the form of fragments due to decay during use, and cause secondary pollution in the liquid medicine, which seriously affects the safety of the product. It is necessary to use certain techniques to remove the detached resin fragments to improve the drug. safety. Therefore, the key to refining traditional Chinese medicines with macroporous adsorption resins is to ensure the safety, effectiveness, stability and controllability of the application.
(1) Safety The composition and structure of the resin determine both the adsorption properties of the resin and the possible presence of harmful residues. For example, the AB-8 resin produced by the chemical factory of Nankai University in Tianjin has a monomer of styrene, a crosslinking agent of divinylbenzene, a porogen as a hydrocarbon, and a dispersant of gelatin. Among them are styrene, aromatic hydrocarbons (alkylbenzenes, anthracenes, naphthalenes, ethylbenzenes, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons and esters. Possible sources of these substances are incompletely reacted monomers, crosslinking agents, additives and raw materials themselves. Purely introduced various impurities. Obviously, the specification and quality requirements of the resin itself play a decisive role in the purification effect and safety of the Chinese herbal extract. Therefore, the following information should be obtained from the resin supplier in order to fully understand the structure, performance and application range of various resins:
The specifications of macroporous adsorption resin include name, brand (type), structure (including cross-linking agent), appearance, polarity; and particle size range, water content, wet density (true density, apparent density), dry density Physical parameters such as apparent density, skeletal density, specific surface area, average pore diameter, porosity, and pore volume; and parameters such as unreacted monomers, cross-linking agents, porogens, and the like. The main purpose should be stated, and the level of the specification standard and related standard number should be stated.
(2) Effectiveness In recent years, the application of macroporous resin adsorption technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine has been increasing, and the advantages of its refined Chinese medicine compound have also received more and more attention. However, due to the complexity of the ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine compound, the active ingredient may be a series of multiple compounds, including the active ingredients of the single-flavored drug that constitutes the compound and the complex that may be formed by the compound extraction. The macroporous resin has different adsorption selectivity for different components, and the adsorption competition between different components makes the actual adsorption condition very complicated. After the resin is refined, the retention rate of the active ingredients in the compound is different, which will actually The proportion of the amount of each medicinal taste changes. Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine compound is refined by macroporous resin. Firstly, the purpose of purification should be clearly defined. The necessity of using resin purification and the rationality of the method should be fully considered, and the basic problem of evaluating its effectiveness should be studied.
Separation and purification of the compound with resin is a development trend, but because of the many components of traditional Chinese medicine, one component does not represent the full role (properties, strength) of the party, especially the compound, and there are more unknown components. Therefore, the combination of traditional Chinese medicine compound and column purification should be done. Corresponding studies that can explain the purification effect provide detailed experimental data. Generally, only one index is used. An eluent cannot explain the purification effect. It should be based on the prescription composition as much as possible. The composition is an indicator to monitor each adsorption separation process, and can be combined with other physical and chemical indicators when it is difficult. When the physical and chemical indicators are difficult to guarantee the "quality", it should also be combined with the main pharmacodynamic comparison test to prove the "equivalence" of the drug before and after elution.
(3) Stability, controllability The main process steps for purification of macroporous adsorption resin are: upper column-adsorption-elution. In the application, it is necessary to ensure the stability and controllability of the adsorption separation process. We can use the parameters of the upper extract, specific adsorption, retention, purity and other parameters of the target extract to evaluate the purification effect, establish standardized research standards for the purification process, prevent leakage or leakage of components, and examine various factors to ensure industrial production. Stability, and thus achieve controllable purposes.
At present, the main problems in the application of macroporous resin adsorption separation technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine are:
First of all, the traditional Chinese medicine compound acts through multiple components and multiple targets. Its active ingredients belong to various chemical substances, and the physical and chemical properties vary greatly. However, the adsorption characteristics of macroporous resins for various components are generally different, and the adsorption amounts vary greatly. It is difficult to separate all the active ingredients with a resin, which often requires a combination of various resins, which increases the complexity and cost of the process. Moreover, some polysaccharide active ingredients and polypeptide active ingredients in Chinese medicine use large holes. The resin adsorption technology has a poor refining effect.
Secondly, the adsorption capacity of the macroporous resin needs to be improved.
Once again, the macroporous resin will fall off in the form of fragments due to decay during use, and cause secondary pollution in the liquid medicine, which seriously affects the safety of the product. It is necessary to use certain techniques to remove the detached resin fragments to improve the drug. safety. Therefore, the key to refining traditional Chinese medicines with macroporous adsorption resins is to ensure the safety, effectiveness, stability and controllability of the application.
(1) Safety The composition and structure of the resin determine both the adsorption properties of the resin and the possible presence of harmful residues. For example, the AB-8 resin produced by the chemical factory of Nankai University in Tianjin has a monomer of styrene, a crosslinking agent of divinylbenzene, a porogen as a hydrocarbon, and a dispersant of gelatin. Among them are styrene, aromatic hydrocarbons (alkylbenzenes, anthracenes, naphthalenes, ethylbenzenes, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons and esters. Possible sources of these substances are incompletely reacted monomers, crosslinking agents, additives and raw materials themselves. Purely introduced various impurities. Obviously, the specification and quality requirements of the resin itself play a decisive role in the purification effect and safety of the Chinese herbal extract. Therefore, the following information should be obtained from the resin supplier in order to fully understand the structure, performance and application range of various resins:
The specifications of macroporous adsorption resin include name, brand (type), structure (including cross-linking agent), appearance, polarity; and particle size range, water content, wet density (true density, apparent density), dry density Physical parameters such as apparent density, skeletal density, specific surface area, average pore diameter, porosity, and pore volume; and parameters such as unreacted monomers, cross-linking agents, porogens, and the like. The main purpose should be stated, and the level of the specification standard and related standard number should be stated.
(2) Effectiveness In recent years, the application of macroporous resin adsorption technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine has been increasing, and the advantages of its refined Chinese medicine compound have also received more and more attention. However, due to the complexity of the ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine compound, the active ingredient may be a series of multiple compounds, including the active ingredients of the single-flavored drug that constitutes the compound and the complex that may be formed by the compound extraction. The macroporous resin has different adsorption selectivity for different components, and the adsorption competition between different components makes the actual adsorption condition very complicated. After the resin is refined, the retention rate of the active ingredients in the compound is different, which will actually The proportion of the amount of each medicinal taste changes. Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine compound is refined by macroporous resin. Firstly, the purpose of purification should be clearly defined. The necessity of using resin purification and the rationality of the method should be fully considered, and the basic problem of evaluating its effectiveness should be studied.
Separation and purification of the compound with resin is a development trend, but because of the many components of traditional Chinese medicine, one component does not represent the full role (properties, strength) of the party, especially the compound, and there are more unknown components. Therefore, the combination of traditional Chinese medicine compound and column purification should be done. Corresponding studies that can explain the purification effect provide detailed experimental data. Generally, only one index is used. An eluent cannot explain the purification effect. It should be based on the prescription composition as much as possible. The composition is an indicator to monitor each adsorption separation process, and can be combined with other physical and chemical indicators when it is difficult. When the physical and chemical indicators are difficult to guarantee the "quality", it should also be combined with the main pharmacodynamic comparison test to prove the "equivalence" of the drug before and after elution.
(3) Stability, controllability The main process steps for purification of macroporous adsorption resin are: upper column-adsorption-elution. In the application, it is necessary to ensure the stability and controllability of the adsorption separation process. We can use the parameters of the upper extract, specific adsorption, retention, purity and other parameters of the target extract to evaluate the purification effect, establish standardized research standards for the purification process, prevent leakage or leakage of components, and examine various factors to ensure industrial production. Stability, and thus achieve controllable purposes.
High backrest reclining wheelchair series
Scope of application:
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â’‰ backrest can be segmented to adjust the angle or can be adjusted to any level (equivalent to a bed) the user can rest in a wheelchair. Headrest can also be removed.
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