Ostrich "Three Phases" Management and Feeding Methods
African ostriches are single-stomach herbivorous birds whose digestive tracts are completely different from those of hatchback animals and also different from non-reflexive animals or poultry. The ostrich does not have teeth or crops. The saliva contains no digestive enzymes, the esophagus passes through the glandular stomach, and the glandular stomach has a large volume. It can store a large number of foods for feeding. The feed conversion rate is the highest species present in livestock. Ostriches are omnivorous animals, including staple grasses, leaves, seeds, twigs, succulent plants, roots, flowers with stems and fruits, in addition to lizards, snakes, young birds, small mammals, and insects.
Ostrich mixed concentrate feeds are similar to feeds fed chickens and pigs. The biggest difference is that a larger proportion of grass meal can be used in concentrate feeds. The diet of ostriches can be divided into three feeding stages in conjunction with nutrient levels and feeding levels:
The young period from birth to 12 weeks of age, this period to give slightly higher than the chicken's nutritional level, while increasing the inorganic salt, especially calcium, phosphorus, trace elements and multi-dimensional additives. Green fodder should be given fresh green grass and vegetable leaves and other digestible absorption of feed, each daily average of green feed 1.2-1.5 kg, 1-1.5 kg concentrate feed.
The growth period refers to the growth period from 13 weeks of age to pre-production. The body weight increased from 40-60 kg to 100 kg. At this time, the juveniles were mainly grazing outdoors. In the process of converting the young material into the parent material, it is gradually carried out. In the first two weeks after the 3 months of de-warm, the material is replaced with 2/3 young material, and 1/3 of the material is added; the third week is 1/3 of the time. The hatching material was added with 2/3 of the bred material; all the materials were used until the fourth week, ie, 4 months of age. At this time, the amount of refined material is about 1.5-2.5 kg per day for each of the broilers, of which grass powder can account for 10%-20%, and green feed for 2.5-3.5 kg, or even 5 kg, each day, depending on the increase or decrease in body weight. .
During the laying period, the daily activity of the ostriches reared by hand is more regular. Therefore, feeding should be done regularly and quantitatively according to the rules of life. Every morning when the sky shines, the ostriches run around the nets on the playground and mate and feed for 15-20 minutes. Therefore, the first feeding time is appropriate from 6:30 to 7:30 in the morning. Feed 4 times a day. The intervals for each feeding are as equal as possible. The feeding sequence can be followed by coarsening and finishing, and the concentrate can also be fed together with green feed. The amount of concentrate feed is generally controlled at about 1.5 kilograms per kilogram so as to prevent excessive production and reduce egg production or stop production.
The crude protein content in compound feed during the production period is 18%, and the metabolic energy is 10.5 MJ/kg. Green feed is mainly free-feeding. Special attention should be paid to the intake of calcium by the breeding birds. In addition to sufficient calcium and phosphorus in the feed, a food trough fed with bone meal can be set in the pens, and any type of ostrich can freely feed.
Female ostriches reach sexual maturity at 24 to 30 months of age, and male ostriches reach sexual maturity at 36 months of age. Before sexual maturation, they were reared in a large group, 20-30 per group, and spouses were grouped 1 month before laying. Usually 4 (1 male and 3 female) are a feeding unit. The grouping work is usually carried out in the evening. The female ostriches are first introduced into the aviary, and then the males are introduced. This can reduce the disparity between males and females and between populations.
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