June Edible mushroom cultivation and management technology
2020-03-05 02:06:00
straw mushroom
First, the cultivation time
The stable day temperature of 23°C to 30°C is a suitable period for the cultivation of straw mushrooms. Under natural conditions, the sowing date is from June to July.
Second, species selection
The current production can use V23 (large grain), V37 (medium grain), V20 (small grain), V35 (medium grain) and other fine strains.
Third, raw material preparation
Select dry, mildew-free, non-perishable straw, and expose it to sunlight for 3 to 5 days before use. Cut it into 10 to 15 cm long sections or break it. Other excipients require no mildew and no agglomeration.
Fourth, culture material formula
Formula one: straw or wheat straw 75%, animal manure 5%, bran 2.5%, loam 10%, lime 5%, superphosphate 2.5%. Formula II: straw or wheat straw 75%, bran (rice bran) 10%, lime 5%, urea 1%, superphosphate 2%, livestock manure 7%. The moisture content of the above culture material is maintained at 60% to 70%, and the pH value is maintained at 9 to 10.
Fifth, the preparation and fermentation of culture materials
The straw is soaked in 2% lime water for 6 to 8 hours, drained and mixed with other materials. 250 ml of dichlorvos per ton of culture material is sprayed. The mixed culture material was piled into a heap with a width and height of 1 meter and an unlimited length, and the upper cover film was subjected to fermentation. When the reactor temperature rises to 65°C to 70°C, it starts to turn over, and is then turned over once a day. Fermentation for 6 to 10 days, turning 3 times.
Sixth, shop material sowing
Spread the well-fermented culture material evenly on a trampoline, with a thickness of 10-20 cm. After excavation of the bacteria species, the seedlings were sown at a distance of 10 cm and 10 cm, and they were compacted slightly. The seed amount was 10% of the cultivation material. After sowing, cover the film on the trampoline to keep warm and moisturize.
Seven, mycelial growth stage management
(a) Temperature regulation. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth is 32°C-34°C, and the air humidity is kept at 80%-85%. When the material temperature exceeds 35°C, remove the film and ventilate it, and use a conical rod to tie the vent holes on the culture material. When the moisture content is low, spray water to adjust humidity. If the moisture content is high, the film should be dehumidified.
(b) Check the hyphae colonization. Under normal circumstances, 2 days after sowing, the temperature of the material rose and the mycelium germinated. After 3 days, the mycelium spread around, and the mycelium spread over the material surface in 5 days. If the mycelium does not germinate in 3 days after sowing, but the temperature of the material is normal, indicating that the bacteria species are aging, they should be replanted in time.
(c) Strengthen ventilation. Before hyphae colonization, ventilate every morning and evening and ventilate for 20-30 minutes each time. After the hyphae are colonized, increase ventilation and extend ventilation time. (d) regulate the moisture. When the mycelium is full of material and a young mushroom appears, spray water once and the water temperature must be the same as the material temperature. It takes 7 to 10 days from sowing to primordium formation.
Eight, fruiting period management
(a) Remove the film and increase ventilation. When the fruit body primordium is formed, the membrane is lifted up immediately.
(b) Ground water to keep the air moist. The growth of fruiting bodies requires that the air humidity be maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ground and space should be sprayed with water, but the material surface should be sprayed with water to keep the material surface wet. Mushrooms can not be sprayed directly on the mushroom body to prevent mushroom rot. Spray water on a cloudy day. Ventilate early, middle, and late. Do not spray on rainy days.
(C) regulate the mushroom room temperature. The suitable temperature for fruit body growth is from 32°C to 34°C. If the material temperature is too high, the film should be peeled off, or shading added on the roof. When the material temperature is low, it is necessary to reduce the number of ventilation, cover film insulation.
Bailing Mushroom
First, the cultivation time
The inoculation period for the back-season cultivation is from June to July. After 20 to 30 days, the fungus grows. From July to August, the summer passes, and from the end of September to October, the mushroom grows.
Second, culture material formula
Formula One: 94% cotton shell, 2.8% corn flour, 1% plaster, 2% right ash, 0.2% urea. Formulation 2: 40% cotton seed hull, 40% wood chips, 10% bran, 8% corn flour, 1% sugar, and 1% plaster. The above formulation moisture content is maintained at 60% to 65%.
Third, the preparation of culture materials and fermentation
The water-soluble sugars, urea, etc. are dissolved in water, and the rest of the raw materials are mixed and mixed with water and mixed repeatedly, and piled into a trapezoidal pile having a width of 1 to 1.5 meters, a height of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, and an unlimited length. Each pile of 30 to 50 cm on the pile to play a breathable hole, its aperture is 7 to 10 cm, each side play two rows of vents. The top cover membrane is moisturized, and the bottom of the stack is 30 to 50 cm without covering the membrane. When the temperature of the reactor rises to 65°C to 70°C, the reactor is turned and the fermentation is carried out for 7 to 10 days, turning the reactor 3 times.
Fourth, bagging
Bailing mushrooms are used in bags. The cultivation bag is made of a high-density polyethylene or polypropylene film with a thickness of 0.04 to 0.06 cm. The width is 15 to 17 cm and the length is 35 cm. Before the bagging, the fermented culture medium was adjusted to have a water content of 60% and a pH of 7.5-8.5. When bagging, one end of the bag is tied well, and the culture material is evenly packed into the bag. Each bag contains 0.95-1.05 kg of culture material.
Fifth, sterilization
Fitted
Bags were autoclaved for 2 to 3 hours and sterilized at normal pressure for 10 to 18 hours. After sterilization, remove the bag and cool it in the inoculation room or in a clean place.
VI. Inoculation
When the bag temperature dropped to 30°C, the bag opening was opened in the inoculation room or inoculation box, and the bacteria species were inserted from both ends or one end under aseptic conditions, and the inoculation amount was 10% of the culture material.
Seven, bacteria management
The species of bacteria bag was taken into the culture room and stacked on the bed frame. The culturing chamber was sprayed with carbendazim for disinfection before being placed in the bacterial bag. After being placed in the bacterium bag, it was sprayed and disinfected once every 5 to 7 days. The temperature of the culturing chamber is controlled at 22°C to 27°C, and the air humidity is maintained at about 70%. Avoid light culture. Germ fungus 10 to 15 days, when the mycelium at both ends of the material surface, the turning. Breeding 35 to 40 days mycelium can send a full bag.
Eight, summer bags
After the bacteria bag is placed in the over-summer place, the humidity should be checked regularly and ventilated. When the temperature in the fall cools, the bacteria bags will be moved into the mushroom house for management.
Oyster mushroom
I. Variety selection
In summer, cultivated oyster mushrooms should use high-temperature varieties. Commonly used varieties are red oyster mushrooms, ear ear 5, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on.
Second, culture material formula
The heart of corn is 81%, bran 8%, compound fertilizer 6%, gypsum 1%, and lime 4%.
Third, bagging and inoculation EuE
The cultivation bag is made of a high-density polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.02 to 0.03 cm and is 20 to 22 cm wide and 45 to 50 cm long. The well-fermented culture material is evenly packed into the bag, compacted while loading the material, and then affixed. Pleurotus ostreatus can be directly inoculated with culture materials, but it can also be inoculated after high temperature sterilization. When directly inoculated with the culture material, inoculate while loading. That is, one end of the plastic bag is tied well, a layer of bacteria is added, and then the culture material is loaded. When the culture material is loaded to 1/2 of the bag, another layer of bacteria is added, and the culture material is continuously loaded. When the bag mouth is 3 to 4 centimeters, sprinkle a layer of bacteria and tie the bag. In order to prevent bacterial infection, the culture medium is preferably sterilized after high temperature sterilization.
IV. Cultivation of bacteria
In summer, the temperature is high, and the number of stacked layers of the bacteria bags should be small, and stacked in 3 to 4 layers or in single layers. The room temperature is controlled at about 30°C. If the material temperature exceeds 30°C, increase the ventilation and disperse the bacteria bags to dissipate heat. Germ fungus turns 10 to 15 days. 20 to 25 days mycelium full bag.
V. Mushroom management
After the mushroom bag was transferred into the mushroom house, the water spray kept the humidity of the mushroom house at 85% to 90%. Early and late ventilation, the first mushroom can be harvested in 7 to 10 days. After harvesting 1 to 2 oyster mushrooms, the fungus tube is placed upright in the oyster. After the mash is filled, the space between the bacterium barrels is filled with the soil. The soil around the bed of bacteria and the soil on top of it were irrigated. Cover soil can effectively control bacterial infections, but also heat preservation and moisturizing. After covering the soil, 2 to 3 mushrooms can be harvested.
First, the cultivation time
The stable day temperature of 23°C to 30°C is a suitable period for the cultivation of straw mushrooms. Under natural conditions, the sowing date is from June to July.
Second, species selection
The current production can use V23 (large grain), V37 (medium grain), V20 (small grain), V35 (medium grain) and other fine strains.
Third, raw material preparation
Select dry, mildew-free, non-perishable straw, and expose it to sunlight for 3 to 5 days before use. Cut it into 10 to 15 cm long sections or break it. Other excipients require no mildew and no agglomeration.
Fourth, culture material formula
Formula one: straw or wheat straw 75%, animal manure 5%, bran 2.5%, loam 10%, lime 5%, superphosphate 2.5%. Formula II: straw or wheat straw 75%, bran (rice bran) 10%, lime 5%, urea 1%, superphosphate 2%, livestock manure 7%. The moisture content of the above culture material is maintained at 60% to 70%, and the pH value is maintained at 9 to 10.
Fifth, the preparation and fermentation of culture materials
The straw is soaked in 2% lime water for 6 to 8 hours, drained and mixed with other materials. 250 ml of dichlorvos per ton of culture material is sprayed. The mixed culture material was piled into a heap with a width and height of 1 meter and an unlimited length, and the upper cover film was subjected to fermentation. When the reactor temperature rises to 65°C to 70°C, it starts to turn over, and is then turned over once a day. Fermentation for 6 to 10 days, turning 3 times.
Sixth, shop material sowing
Spread the well-fermented culture material evenly on a trampoline, with a thickness of 10-20 cm. After excavation of the bacteria species, the seedlings were sown at a distance of 10 cm and 10 cm, and they were compacted slightly. The seed amount was 10% of the cultivation material. After sowing, cover the film on the trampoline to keep warm and moisturize.
Seven, mycelial growth stage management
(a) Temperature regulation. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth is 32°C-34°C, and the air humidity is kept at 80%-85%. When the material temperature exceeds 35°C, remove the film and ventilate it, and use a conical rod to tie the vent holes on the culture material. When the moisture content is low, spray water to adjust humidity. If the moisture content is high, the film should be dehumidified.
(b) Check the hyphae colonization. Under normal circumstances, 2 days after sowing, the temperature of the material rose and the mycelium germinated. After 3 days, the mycelium spread around, and the mycelium spread over the material surface in 5 days. If the mycelium does not germinate in 3 days after sowing, but the temperature of the material is normal, indicating that the bacteria species are aging, they should be replanted in time.
(c) Strengthen ventilation. Before hyphae colonization, ventilate every morning and evening and ventilate for 20-30 minutes each time. After the hyphae are colonized, increase ventilation and extend ventilation time. (d) regulate the moisture. When the mycelium is full of material and a young mushroom appears, spray water once and the water temperature must be the same as the material temperature. It takes 7 to 10 days from sowing to primordium formation.
Eight, fruiting period management
(a) Remove the film and increase ventilation. When the fruit body primordium is formed, the membrane is lifted up immediately.
(b) Ground water to keep the air moist. The growth of fruiting bodies requires that the air humidity be maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ground and space should be sprayed with water, but the material surface should be sprayed with water to keep the material surface wet. Mushrooms can not be sprayed directly on the mushroom body to prevent mushroom rot. Spray water on a cloudy day. Ventilate early, middle, and late. Do not spray on rainy days.
(C) regulate the mushroom room temperature. The suitable temperature for fruit body growth is from 32°C to 34°C. If the material temperature is too high, the film should be peeled off, or shading added on the roof. When the material temperature is low, it is necessary to reduce the number of ventilation, cover film insulation.
Bailing Mushroom
First, the cultivation time
The inoculation period for the back-season cultivation is from June to July. After 20 to 30 days, the fungus grows. From July to August, the summer passes, and from the end of September to October, the mushroom grows.
Second, culture material formula
Formula One: 94% cotton shell, 2.8% corn flour, 1% plaster, 2% right ash, 0.2% urea. Formulation 2: 40% cotton seed hull, 40% wood chips, 10% bran, 8% corn flour, 1% sugar, and 1% plaster. The above formulation moisture content is maintained at 60% to 65%.
Third, the preparation of culture materials and fermentation
The water-soluble sugars, urea, etc. are dissolved in water, and the rest of the raw materials are mixed and mixed with water and mixed repeatedly, and piled into a trapezoidal pile having a width of 1 to 1.5 meters, a height of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, and an unlimited length. Each pile of 30 to 50 cm on the pile to play a breathable hole, its aperture is 7 to 10 cm, each side play two rows of vents. The top cover membrane is moisturized, and the bottom of the stack is 30 to 50 cm without covering the membrane. When the temperature of the reactor rises to 65°C to 70°C, the reactor is turned and the fermentation is carried out for 7 to 10 days, turning the reactor 3 times.
Fourth, bagging
Bailing mushrooms are used in bags. The cultivation bag is made of a high-density polyethylene or polypropylene film with a thickness of 0.04 to 0.06 cm. The width is 15 to 17 cm and the length is 35 cm. Before the bagging, the fermented culture medium was adjusted to have a water content of 60% and a pH of 7.5-8.5. When bagging, one end of the bag is tied well, and the culture material is evenly packed into the bag. Each bag contains 0.95-1.05 kg of culture material.
Fifth, sterilization
Fitted
Bags were autoclaved for 2 to 3 hours and sterilized at normal pressure for 10 to 18 hours. After sterilization, remove the bag and cool it in the inoculation room or in a clean place.
VI. Inoculation
When the bag temperature dropped to 30°C, the bag opening was opened in the inoculation room or inoculation box, and the bacteria species were inserted from both ends or one end under aseptic conditions, and the inoculation amount was 10% of the culture material.
Seven, bacteria management
The species of bacteria bag was taken into the culture room and stacked on the bed frame. The culturing chamber was sprayed with carbendazim for disinfection before being placed in the bacterial bag. After being placed in the bacterium bag, it was sprayed and disinfected once every 5 to 7 days. The temperature of the culturing chamber is controlled at 22°C to 27°C, and the air humidity is maintained at about 70%. Avoid light culture. Germ fungus 10 to 15 days, when the mycelium at both ends of the material surface, the turning. Breeding 35 to 40 days mycelium can send a full bag.
Eight, summer bags
After the bacteria bag is placed in the over-summer place, the humidity should be checked regularly and ventilated. When the temperature in the fall cools, the bacteria bags will be moved into the mushroom house for management.
Oyster mushroom
I. Variety selection
In summer, cultivated oyster mushrooms should use high-temperature varieties. Commonly used varieties are red oyster mushrooms, ear ear 5, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on.
Second, culture material formula
The heart of corn is 81%, bran 8%, compound fertilizer 6%, gypsum 1%, and lime 4%.
Third, bagging and inoculation EuE
The cultivation bag is made of a high-density polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.02 to 0.03 cm and is 20 to 22 cm wide and 45 to 50 cm long. The well-fermented culture material is evenly packed into the bag, compacted while loading the material, and then affixed. Pleurotus ostreatus can be directly inoculated with culture materials, but it can also be inoculated after high temperature sterilization. When directly inoculated with the culture material, inoculate while loading. That is, one end of the plastic bag is tied well, a layer of bacteria is added, and then the culture material is loaded. When the culture material is loaded to 1/2 of the bag, another layer of bacteria is added, and the culture material is continuously loaded. When the bag mouth is 3 to 4 centimeters, sprinkle a layer of bacteria and tie the bag. In order to prevent bacterial infection, the culture medium is preferably sterilized after high temperature sterilization.
IV. Cultivation of bacteria
In summer, the temperature is high, and the number of stacked layers of the bacteria bags should be small, and stacked in 3 to 4 layers or in single layers. The room temperature is controlled at about 30°C. If the material temperature exceeds 30°C, increase the ventilation and disperse the bacteria bags to dissipate heat. Germ fungus turns 10 to 15 days. 20 to 25 days mycelium full bag.
V. Mushroom management
After the mushroom bag was transferred into the mushroom house, the water spray kept the humidity of the mushroom house at 85% to 90%. Early and late ventilation, the first mushroom can be harvested in 7 to 10 days. After harvesting 1 to 2 oyster mushrooms, the fungus tube is placed upright in the oyster. After the mash is filled, the space between the bacterium barrels is filled with the soil. The soil around the bed of bacteria and the soil on top of it were irrigated. Cover soil can effectively control bacterial infections, but also heat preservation and moisturizing. After covering the soil, 2 to 3 mushrooms can be harvested.
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