July Apple Tree Management Technology
First, pest control
July is the maniac period of pests such as red and white spiders, gold-lined moths, leaf miners and other pests. It is an early stage of diseases such as early defoliation, dry rot and yellow leaf diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to seize favorable opportunities and scientifically use drugs. Prevent it.
1. Red and white spider control. In early July, it was one of the best periods for prevention and control. Pesticides with good control effects were: 1.8% Qiqisu 5000 times liquid, 5% Nisolulone 1500 times liquid, 20% triazotin 1500 times liquid, and 15% broom. Net 3000 times solution, 1.8% Abatamin 4000 times solution, can't use single pesticide continuously in medicine, and should be used alternately to improve control effect.
2. Golden grain moth. In early July, it was also a critical time for prevention and treatment. The most effective drug was chlorfluazuron 3, 1500 times that of Jilin Tonghua Pesticide Factory.
3. Apple's cotton. It is an object of quarantine. It is harmful and difficult to eradicate. It is necessary to take measures to prevent and treat it by group prevention and treatment. Effective prevention and control agents are: 1500 times the liquid Le Si, 1800 times poisonous liquid, 2500 times the king of cotton.
4. Early defoliation. The effective agents for prevention and treatment are Bordeaux mixture 1:2:200, polyoxin 600-1000 times, killing disease 1000 times, mancozeb 800-1000 times, phosphine aluminum 800 times plus mancozeb Zinc 1000 times solution (or compounding agent of two kinds of pesticides produced by pesticide manufacturers, such as manganese manganese mixture, etc.), a full set of fruit trees should be sprayed 1 or 2 times Bordeaux mixture in July, the best control effect.
5. Dry rot, rot lesions. Use a sharp knife to scrape the diseased tissue, and scrape off 0.5 cm or so of healthy tissue. It is required to scrape the mouth neatly and smoothly, leaving no dead ends and blemishes. After the scraping, it should be sterilized in a timely manner. relapse. The commonly used pharmaceuticals include: 10 Baume degrees lime sulfur, 5% Tianshui agent 2.5 to 5 times liquid, bacteria poison clear 50 times liquid, Corbetco and 843 rehabilitation agent liquid.
6. Yellow leaf disease. According to the symptoms and pathogenesis of yellow leaves, there are the following, 1 lack of iron yellow leaves. Yellow shoots were sprayed with 0.1% to 0.2% ferrous sulfate or 0.3% urea plus 0.3% ferrous sulfate (urea iron) or other organic leaf iron fertilizer. 2 mosaic disease. Caused by the virus, it is difficult to eradicate. Strengthen management and robust tree vigor are the most important measures to prevent the onset of disease. For example, mosaic virus can be used to spray terrin and virus. 3 Circumcision, frost damage caused by yellow leaves. Spray 300 times urea solution on the tree 1 or 2 times (spray once every 7 days), or spray 1000 times on green Fenway No. 2 and water and fertilize underground. At the same time, check the ring-opening mouth and no healing is good (ring Stripping black) Scratching the plastic film, it can also be wrapped around the plastic film to promote healing. 4 canopy closure caused by yellow leaves. Because of the large number of branches, the leaves of the inside and the lower part of the tree shrub are often yellowed and fallen. It is the best way to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon by doing a good summer cut to ensure the ventilation and light transmission in the crown. 5 Decay leaves caused by the damage of leaf miners. Generally, there are 2 to 3 insect spots on a leaf blade that will cause leaf yellowing and defoliation. Spraying 2 times diflubenzuron before early July can effectively control this pest.
7. Lobular disease (zinc leaf disease). Spray 0.2% ~ 0.3% zinc sulfate, 0.3% urea plus 0.3% zinc sulfate, amino acid zinc fertilizer (such as zinc calcium treasure), small leaf enemy.
Second, tree-trend management
1. Spray inhibitors. In mid-July, spray 150-200 times paclobutrazol or spray 250 times PBO. To control the growth of new shoots that can be sprayed 300 times more than paclobutrazol 800 times longer (B9).
2. Summer trim. Summer shearing is an important technical measure for apple tree management. Through proper summer shearing, the crown can be air-ventilated and the branches and leaves can be seen with light (sunny tree trays have light spots, and canopy trees can see people). At the same time, it can be effectively adjusted by summer shears. Tree vigor. Summer cutting method: 1 Cut off the vertical shoots in the crown and back of the branches. 2 remove too much dense shoots. 3 Determined to eliminate the large branches of fruitlessness (especially the upper part of the canopy and the southern branch) that affect the light. In addition, check the bridging survival, remove the bridging twigs that did not survive, and remove the plastic film.
Third, watering and fertilizing
At present, the weather is arid. Watering and fertilizing should be carried out according to tree vigor, fruiting, and previous fertilization. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be used. Each tree should be 1.5 to 2.5 kg in weight and 0.5 to 1.5 kg in small trees. Fertilizer types: Potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer), fruit tree fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, Sarkozy and other nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, but during this period, no urea can be applied to prevent the growth of new shoots.
Fourth, the new plant management
1. Topdressing urea. 30 to 40 centimeters from the trunk, 10 to 4 centimeters deep pits 4 to 5, each plant 50 to 75 grams of urea, watering after fertilization, while the tree combined with drug fight every 8 to 10 days, spray 300 times urea , You can also spray green Fenway 2 1000 times.
2. Shoot management. Cut off the sprouts less than 50 cm from the ground. When the central tip is curved and grows, the center of the trunk is to be centered on the side of the small tree. The central tip should be over half a meter long. At the same time, one or two competitive tips should be taken from the central tip. Pulling, twisting, and pressing make it in a disadvantageous position and ensure the robust growth of the center tip. In July, due to the vigorous growth of new shoots, Xiaoshu's iron deficiency yellow leaf disease was the most common. Yellow leaf and early urea iron (0.2% urea plus 0.2% ferrous sulfate) were found.
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