Introduction to the Cultivation Model of Open-spotted Cauliflower-Watermelon-Songhua in Chenchang Town
With the development of China's agriculture and the adjustment of its structure, planting producers in many areas have been developing and developing many suitable cultivation models. What I want to learn today is the planting model of the Liyuan Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative in Xiantao City. The cooperative is mainly planted in greenhouses, mainly using the watermelon-shrimp cultivation model, and the open field is the cultivation pattern of Songhuacao-watermelon-songhua.
1 greenhouse watermelon - artemisia planting mode
1.1 èŒ¬å£ arrangement
The greenhouse base adopts the annual production mode of “watermelon-geraniumâ€, which means transplanting grafted watermelon seedlings in early February, and watermelon harvesting. The first batch of melon harvesting time is in the middle and late May. After harvesting, the water and fertilizer management can be strengthened. The second batch of melons was harvested in the middle and late June.
After the watermelon harvest is completed, the garden will be cleared in time, and the high temperature shack will be carried out for 15 to 20 days in mid-July in mid-summer. On August 20, the sage will be planted. When the plant height of Artemisia selengensis is 15~25 cm, the top heart leaves have not been scattered, the stems are not lignified, and it is white-green, it can be harvested. The harvesting period is from late September to early March, and can be repeated many times. Harvested.
1.2 planting technical points
1Select excellent varieties
The varieties of watermelons were selected from early good 84-24, and the main planting varieties of Artemisia selengensis were selected from Yunnan seed season, and about 50,000 seedlings per 667 m2.
2 strengthen field management
watermelon:
a. Fertilization. Applying the base fertilizer, 667m2 of commercial organic fertilizer 200 kg + compound fertilizer 30 kg as the base fertilizer. Topdressing and topdressing of topdressing and topdressing: The root topdressing is generally carried out in 2 times. The first time is to raise the seedling fertilizer (after the melon seedlings are planted and lived), the 667m2 is applied with potassium sulfate 30kg, and the second is the expanded melon fertilizer (watermelon). When growing to the size of the egg, 667m2 is applied with 10 kg of compound fertilizer containing silicone; foliar top dressing is applied to the vines or when the fungicide is applied, and the fertilized potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used for foliar application, once every 10 to 15 days.
b. Pruning and vine. In addition to the main vine, leave a strong side vine at the base of the plant and remove the remaining side vines. The main vine and side vines are best grown in the opposite direction. Pressing the vines generally starts to press the first clods after about 0.3 m of the main vines, and presses the second clods between 0.7 and 1.0 m. The vines are best carried out in the afternoon. Manual assisted pollination.
Artemisia:
Because of the growth period and long harvest period of Artemisia selengensis, it is necessary to use long-acting fertilizer, so it is necessary to re-apply the base fertilizer, generally 667m2 commercial organic fertilizer 200 kg + compound fertilizer 80 kg. 7 days after cutting, germination and rooting, when the shoot length is 3 cm, 667m2 chasing compound fertilizer 30 kg seedlings, and before plant closure, use the same amount of compound fertilizer or urea 10 kg, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Other foliar fertilizers are used for foliar application. After each harvest, the same amount of fertilizer should be applied.
3 pest control
Watermelon pests and diseases are not serious. The insect pests on Artemisia selengensis mainly include aphids, corn borer, Spodoptera litura, red spider, etc. You can use 20% imidacloprid soluble powder or 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times to control aphids. Use 1.8% avermectin EC 500 times. Liquid control of red spider, 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 10 mL was used to control corn borer and Spodoptera litura. The diseases mainly include gray mold, downy mildew, etc., and can be sprayed with 40% pyrimethanil wettable powder 1000 times or 30% azoxystrobin suspension 40-60 mL.
1.3 Economic benefits
The output of watermelon 667m2 is 4 000 kg, and the output value is 9 600 yuan. The production cost and labor cost are 3,100 yuan, and the net profit is 6,500 yuan. The yield of Artemisia selengensis 667m2 is 3 750 kg, and the output value is 22,500 yuan. The production cost and labor cost are 14 000 yuan, and the net profit is 8 500 yuan. Adopting the annual cultivation mode of watermelon - sage, the net income per 667m2 can reach 15,000 yuan.
2 Pinus sylvestris var. chinensis - watermelon - broccoli planting pattern
2.1 èŒ¬å£ arrangement
The annual production mode of Songhua-watermelon-songcai was adopted, that is, the first sorghum stalk was transplanted in early February, harvested in early May, and harvested in 7 days. During the period of March 7th, watermelon grafted seedlings were planted, and in late June, the watermelon harvest was over. The second season Songhua was transplanted in mid-August and harvested in late November, with a growth period of 100 days.
2.2 planting technical points
1Select excellent varieties
The watermelon variety was selected as early good 84-24, and the pine flower variety was Qingyang 60 days F1.
2 field management
Till the land, apply the base fertilizer, press the 1.8 m wide compartment, and apply the Jinduer (fine-metolachlor) to block the weeding and cover the membrane. In the first half of February, the first stalk of cauliflower was transplanted on both sides of the box, 30 cm away from the ditch. In the first ten days of March, the watermelon was transplanted in the chamber, and the distance between the pineapple and the watermelon was 60 cm. The fertilizer management of open-water watermelon is mainly based on topdressing. The topdressing is divided into root top dressing and leaf top dressing, and the same greenhouse watermelon.
Songhuacao has strict requirements on soil nutrient conditions, and has high demand for water and fertilizer. It should be applied with high-potassium compound fertilizer and mixed with NPK. The base fertilizer is generally 667m2 high potassium compound fertilizer 100 kg, seedling stage and flower ball formation period 667m2 topdressing compound fertilizer 20 kg + urea 10kg, topdressing 2 times.
Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, watermelon pests and diseases are not serious. Songhua is mainly caused by downy mildew and black rot. 40% pyrimethanil wettable powder 1000 times or 30% azoxystrobin suspension 40~60 mL can be used to control downy mildew, 50% Noromycin Sustained powder can prevent black rot.
2.3 Economic benefits
The output of the first broccoli 667m2 is above 1 800 kg, and the output value is 4,200 yuan. The production cost and labor cost are 1,840 yuan, and the net profit of 667m2 is 2,360 yuan. The output of the second 茬 watermelon 667m2 is 4 000 kg, the output value is 4 800 yuan, the production cost and labor cost are 2 160 yuan, and the net profit of 667m2 is 2640 yuan.
The third broccoli has a yield of 2,500 kg of 667 m2 and an output value of 5,000 yuan. The production cost and labor cost are 1,840 yuan, and the net profit of 667 m2 is about 3,160 yuan. Excluding land transfer costs of 750 yuan / 667m2, the annual planting pattern of Songhuacao-watermelon-songhuacai, the net income per 667m2 can reach about 7,400 yuan.
3 Future plans
In 2019, the cooperative plans to transfer 13.3 hm2 of land and plant melons and fruits on a large scale. If the cooperative wants to continue its healthy development for a long time, it is recommended to start from applying for the certification of the origin of pollution-free agricultural products and product certification, and create its own brand to increase product awareness and reduce planting risks.
The above is the planting case of Liyuan Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative in Xiantao City, Hubei Province. I hope that all farmers can learn their strengths and advantages. (Author: Wu Jing red Yan Juandeng)
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