Introduction of rice mulching cultivation technology
The dry type of rice is that the field is applied to the base fertilizer through the ploughing in the case of drought and water shortage. The rice seed is directly sown into the field and covered with rice. The natural rice is irrigated by natural rainfall or irrigation to make the rice germination. Conventionally managed cultivation techniques. Here is a brief introduction to rice mulching cultivation techniques.
1. Rice dry farming concept
Rice dry farming and rice transplanting are two different planting systems. Seeds are broadcast live under dry land conditions without seedlings and transplanting. Dry management is carried out during the whole growth period. Other fields such as fertilization, weeding, pest control and pest control are in the field. Under dry soil conditions.
Second, the advantages of rice dry farming
1. The core of rice dry cultivation drip irrigation cultivation technology is water conservation. The conventional cultivation water consumption of rice is 800-1000 square meters per mu, which mainly includes three parts: leaf surface transpiration, water surface evaporation and underground leakage. The amount of water affected by rice is 200-300 square meters. Compared with conventional rice cultivation, it can save more than 70% of water.
2, reduce the number of field operations and labor intensity to reduce operating costs, eliminating the need to shed sheds, nursery and soaking fields, hoeing, transplanting, and links.
3. The drought period of rice seedling stage is conducive to ensuring the rooting and seedling growth of rice seedlings to enhance drought resistance.
4. The lodging resistance of rice dry crops is enhanced.
Third, the cost
In the plots with drip irrigation conditions, the rotary soil is 50 yuan/mu, the drip irrigation pipe is 0.2 yuan/meter X750 meters=150 yuan/mu, the branch pipe is 100 yuan/mu, and the plastic film is 13 kilograms/mu X12 yuan/kg=156. Yuan/mu, seed 9 kg X6 yuan / kg = 54 yuan / mu, planter 18,000 yuan / Taiwan, each planting 300 acres, the cost of 60 yuan / mu. Drip water generally 6--8 times mu cost 60 yuan / mu, fertilizer 30 kg / mu x 2.5 yuan = 75 yuan / mu, herbicide 10 yuan / mu, the first 2000 yuan / month, control 200 acres, 10 yuan / mu The total cost of mu is 715 yuan/mu.
Fourth, cultivation techniques
1 place
The pH of the selected plot soil should not exceed 7.5 and the salt content should not exceed 0.3% (sulfate). Choose a land with flat terrain and fertile soil. Before the sputum has no phytotoxicity to rice, there is a plot of drip irrigation equipment under the membrane. The front hoe is a corn mash that must be deepened by more than 30 cm to effectively reduce the occurrence of phytotoxicity. Other sputum must be Understanding the herbicide varieties used to prevent anterior sputum phytotoxicity is the key to dryland rice.
2, variety selection
Selecting locally cultivated rice varieties, the best early maturity of the transplanted rice varieties is about 7-10 days, the rice quality is good, the resistance is strong, and the yield is higher.
The first accumulated temperature zone selects the variety whose accumulated temperature is not more than 135 days in the growth period of 2400 °C--2500 °C.
Yin Del, Hao Li Bao, Bayan Gol, Nuwen Muren, Bao Ligenhua, Jin Yuchao, South of the selection, 绥粳18, Wulan 07-93, Jinu 13A04, Japonica 3 and so on.
The second accumulated temperature zone selects the variety whose accumulated temperature is not more than 130 days in the growth period of 2300 ° C - 2400 ° C
Bayan Zara, Badar Hu, Bao Ligenhua, Jinbeicha North, Hullle South, Abengrad South, New Forest South, Longjing 21, Jin Gu Zaoyou, Longjing 31, Wulan 09 --18
The third accumulated temperature zone selects the variety with an accumulated temperature of 2200 ° C - 2300 ° C and a growth period of no more than 125 days
Xinlin Town, North Abengrad, Bayan Ulan, Aladdaltu selected Longqingdao 2, Longqingdao 3, Longjing 46, Longdun 103, etc.
3, seed treatment
The amount of seed used is 8-10 kg. First remove the glutinous rice, grass seeds and debris. Then 3-4 days in the sunny sunshine to increase the germination rate and shoot potential of the seeds. Select 10 kg of salt per 50 kg of water and mix with salt. Add the rice seeds, remove the floating glutinous grains and sundries, and wash the rice seeds with water. Soak the seeds with prochloraz for 5-7 days, remove and dry them and coat them with rice seed coating agent.
4, soil preparation
The dry land preparation of rice should be meticulous, and it should be ground, flat, and without darkness. Rotary tillage should be used to rotate 2 times. The phytotoxic plots must be turned over in the autumn, and the winter weather will be weathered to achieve maturity, improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce the phlegm damage.
5, fertilization
Apply 2 to 3 square meters of farmer's fertilizer, apply the fertilizer to the fertilizer before planting, and apply about 20 kg of 51% rice compound fertilizer per mu.
6, seeding film
The film is selected to be 0.016 mm black film with a film width of 170 cm.
Sowing time of sowing time is stable at 5 cm and 10 °C is suitable for sowing time. Generally, the seeding rate per acre is 8-10 kg. Sowing time is from April 25th to May 5th. Sowing with special rice planter for dry cultivation, covering film, drip irrigation pipe, and planting soil cover once, each time 8 (4×2) rows, large row spacing 25 cm (drip irrigation pipe between large rows), small row spacing 12 cm The distance between the holes is 12 cm, about 15 seeds per hole, and the sowing depth cannot exceed 3 cm. Be sure to optimise the mulch before seeding to prevent the wind from uncovering the film.
7, dripping
Immediately after the completion of sowing, the drip irrigation should be used to drip the water, and each drip must be drenched. The water can be properly controlled before the 4 leaves of rice to promote the root system. The soil is always moist in the tillering stage of rice until the heading.
During the growth period of rice, about 6-8 times of dripping water is needed. At the same time, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied twice in combination with dripping water, and the 3--4 leaf nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed once in the early stage of tillering. The amount of mu is about 5 kg, and the fertilizer is applied once in 6--7 leaves. Apply 5 kg of urea and 2.5 kg of potassium chloride. Look at the leaf color at the booting stage of rice to determine whether to apply nitrogen fertilizer.
8, weeding.
Due to the black mulch film, there is no grass under the film, only between the rows and the seedlings, the weeds can be weeded by the middle plough, and the weeds can be weeded by hand. Try not to use herbicides. If chemical weeding is required, weeding can be carried out with “Bendazon†+ “Thousand Gold†foliar spray before the three-leaf stage of weeds.
9. Promote precocious measures
In the rice filling period, 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre was applied to 25 kg of foliar water.
10. Harvest at the right time.
Generally, more than 95% of the rice husks are yellow, and the grain is shaped and hardened, and the rice grains are transparent and can be harvested.
Harvesting method. If the weather is fine or the conditions permit, it is best to cut the sun in sections, which can obviously increase the 1000-grain weight to increase the yield, and also avoid the damage caused by disasters.
The above is the cultivation technique of rice dry seed mulching, the content is for reference only. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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