Insect net cover vegetable cultivation technology
2019-06-04 08:04:08
Insect net covering and cultivation is one of the important measures for producing pollution-free agricultural products. It is of great significance to eliminate or reduce the use of chemical pesticides, reduce pesticide pollution, and produce pesticide-free, pollution-free and pollution-free vegetables. According to reports, vegetable insect nets have long been widely used in Israel, Sweden, the United States, Japan and other countries. It is widely used in Taiwan and has become an emerging model for the cultivation of vegetables, especially leafy vegetables, throughout the year. In 1995, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province took the lead in introducing and promoting this new technology. This technique is described as follows:
1 The pest prevention network of vegetable insect nets is a kind of high-quality polyethylene raw material added with anti-aging, anti-ultraviolet and other chemical additives. It is made by drawing and weaving. It is in the form of window screening and has strong tensile strength, heat resistance, water resistance and resistance. Corrosion, anti-aging, non-toxic and tasteless features. Vegetable insect nets are artificial barriers constructed by pest control nets, rejecting pests from the net, and thus receiving the effect of insect protection and food preservation. Application of this technology can significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
2 Covered greenhouses can be covered directly on the scaffolding, surrounded by soil or brick pressure, and the shed tubes (shelves) are fastened with a lamination line, leaving the main door uncovered for easy access to the shed. Small arch cover, can be covered in the top of the arch shield network, surrounded by strict cover, after the water poured directly on the Internet, until harvest, the implementation of closed cover. Covered with a horizontal shelf, the vegetable land of about 1hm2 is covered with insect nets. This covering method saves insect nets and net racks and is easy to operate.
3 coverage effect
1) Adjust the temperature and ground temperature. According to the test, under the 25-mesh white insect-proof net, the temperature of the greenhouse is the same as the open field in the morning and evening. In the high-temperature conditions at noon on the sunny day, the temperature in the net is about 1°C higher than the exposed ground, and the ground temperature of the greenhouse is higher than the open ground in the morning and evening. It was lower than open ground at noon.
2) Shading and humidity control. The shading rate of the 25-mesh white insect net is 15%-25%, which is lower than the shading net and agricultural film. Silver gray insect nets are 37% and gray insect nets up to 45%. Covering insect nets, the morning air humidity is higher than open ground, and is lower than open ground at noon and evening. The relative humidity in the net is about 5% higher than the exposed ground and nearly 10% higher after watering, making it particularly suitable for cultivation in summer and autumn.
3) Anti-frost and antifreeze. In early spring from late March to early April, insect nets cover 1-2°C higher than the open air temperature in the shed, and the 5cm ground temperature is 0.5-1° higher than open ground, which can effectively prevent frost.
4) Anti-rainstorm, strong wind. Heavy rainstorms in the summer cause mechanical damage to vegetables, causing soil compaction and seedling emergence and dead seedlings. After covering the insect net, due to the small mesh and high strength, the heavy rain fell into the net after the impact of the insect net, becoming drizzle, and the impact was weakened, which was conducive to the growth of vegetables. It has been determined that under the 25-mesh insect net, the wind speed in the greenhouse is reduced by 15%-20% compared to the exposed land. Under 30 mesh, the wind speed is reduced by 20%-25%, so the insect net has better anti-wind effect.
5) pest control, anti-virus disease. After covering the insect nets, it is basically able to eliminate the cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, brassicae, beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, cotton bollworm, leguminosae, melon, flea beetle, coleoptera, twenty The pests of eight-spot ladybugs, aphids, and Liriomyza sativae infestation are responsible for controlling the occurrence of viral diseases due to the spread of pests.
6) Increase production and income, improve quality. According to the test, the 25-mesh white insect-proof net greenhouse covers the highest yield, which can increase production by about 30%; the pesticide pollution of the net is less, there is no insect eyes, cleanliness, and little mud, and the harvesting period is 4-5 days earlier than the open land, and the commodity is good.
7) Protect natural enemies. The living space formed by the Insect Protection Network provides an ideal habitat for the activities of natural enemies and will not allow natural enemies to escape to the outer space. This creates favorable conditions for the application and promotion of biological pest management technologies.
4 Application scope
1) Leaf vegetables. Mainly used for cabbage, summer cabbage, summer cabbage, spinach, lettuce, cauliflower, radish production. The openness of such vegetables produces more pests and serious pesticide pollution.
2) Solanaceae. Such vegetables are prone to viral diseases in the summer and fall seasons, and the insect nets stop pest transmission and reduce the transmission of viral diseases. Simultaneous isolation of the cotton bollworm, Spodoptera littoralis, 28 ladybugs, eggplant, etc., to reduce the rotten fruit.
3) Melons. Mainly used for melon, pumpkin, watermelon, etc., will help reduce the occurrence of viral diseases and the damage of Huang Shougua and Guagua.
4) Beans. The control effect of insect nets on soybean meal and Liriomyza sativae reaches more than 95%. It can also increase chlorophyll content, increase leaf area and enhance root activity.
5) Nursery. Every year from June to August is the season of growing vegetables in autumn. It is a time when high temperatures, heavy rain, and frequent pests occur. It is difficult to raise seedlings. After the use of insect nets, the emergence rate of vegetables is high, the survival rate is high, and the quality of autumn seedlings is good to win the initiative of autumn and winter vegetable production.
6) Vegetable seed production and breeding. Insect nets prevent the hybridization of breeds due to insect activity, resulting in mixed degradation of seeds. It can be widely used in the seed production of vegetables.
5 investment costs per square meter insect net investment of about 1.8 yuan, higher than the shade net. A one-time investment of about 1,500 yuan per mu, the service life of more than 5a, an average of 300 yuan per mu per year, and the price of vegetables produced per kilogram higher than 1 yuan. The more production cycles in one year, the longer it will cost more.
6 Use technical points
1) Soil disinfection and chemical weeding before covering. This is an important supporting measure for the cultivation of insect nets. It must kill pathogens and pests that remain in the soil and block the transmission of pests. Insect nets should be tightly soiled around the perimeter to prevent pests from sneaking into eggs. When the small arch covers the cultivated vegetables, the height of the arch shed is higher than the height of the crop, and the vegetables and leaves are prevented from clinging to the insect nets, so that pests outside the net feed on the vegetables and leaves, and eggs are laid on the leaves. Check the damage of the insect nets at any time and block the gaps and gaps in time.
2) Implementation of full growth period coverage. Insect nets do not shading much, and there is no need to uncover the night cover or cover it. The general wind does not need to press the network cable. In the case of 5-6 level winds, the network cable must be pulled to prevent it from opening.
3) Select the appropriate specifications, according to the conditions of the vegetable fields and the needs of different crops and seasons, select the width, aperture, wire diameter, color, etc. of the insect-proof net. The important point is the aperture. The number of meshes is too small and the mesh is too large to achieve the desired insect repellent effect. Too many meshes have small meshes and good insect repellent effect, but they have more shading and are not conducive to crop growth. At present, it is more suitable to be 20-25 mesh with a wire diameter of 0.18mm, a width of 1.2-3.6m, and white. If you need to strengthen the shading effect of the insect net, silver gray or gray and black insect nets can be used. Silver gray insect nets are better at avoiding fleas.
4) Comprehensive supporting measures. Select moisture-resistant, disease-resistant varieties, pollution-free organic fertilizers, biological pesticides, and non-polluting water sources.
5) Spray water to cool down. Insect nets have good pest control effect, but when the temperature is high, the net temperature and ground temperature in white pest control nets are about 1 degree C higher than those outside the net, which has a certain impact on vegetable production. Therefore, when the temperature is particularly high in July-August, the number of waterings can be increased and the humidity in the net can be kept to cool down.
1 The pest prevention network of vegetable insect nets is a kind of high-quality polyethylene raw material added with anti-aging, anti-ultraviolet and other chemical additives. It is made by drawing and weaving. It is in the form of window screening and has strong tensile strength, heat resistance, water resistance and resistance. Corrosion, anti-aging, non-toxic and tasteless features. Vegetable insect nets are artificial barriers constructed by pest control nets, rejecting pests from the net, and thus receiving the effect of insect protection and food preservation. Application of this technology can significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
2 Covered greenhouses can be covered directly on the scaffolding, surrounded by soil or brick pressure, and the shed tubes (shelves) are fastened with a lamination line, leaving the main door uncovered for easy access to the shed. Small arch cover, can be covered in the top of the arch shield network, surrounded by strict cover, after the water poured directly on the Internet, until harvest, the implementation of closed cover. Covered with a horizontal shelf, the vegetable land of about 1hm2 is covered with insect nets. This covering method saves insect nets and net racks and is easy to operate.
3 coverage effect
1) Adjust the temperature and ground temperature. According to the test, under the 25-mesh white insect-proof net, the temperature of the greenhouse is the same as the open field in the morning and evening. In the high-temperature conditions at noon on the sunny day, the temperature in the net is about 1°C higher than the exposed ground, and the ground temperature of the greenhouse is higher than the open ground in the morning and evening. It was lower than open ground at noon.
2) Shading and humidity control. The shading rate of the 25-mesh white insect net is 15%-25%, which is lower than the shading net and agricultural film. Silver gray insect nets are 37% and gray insect nets up to 45%. Covering insect nets, the morning air humidity is higher than open ground, and is lower than open ground at noon and evening. The relative humidity in the net is about 5% higher than the exposed ground and nearly 10% higher after watering, making it particularly suitable for cultivation in summer and autumn.
3) Anti-frost and antifreeze. In early spring from late March to early April, insect nets cover 1-2°C higher than the open air temperature in the shed, and the 5cm ground temperature is 0.5-1° higher than open ground, which can effectively prevent frost.
4) Anti-rainstorm, strong wind. Heavy rainstorms in the summer cause mechanical damage to vegetables, causing soil compaction and seedling emergence and dead seedlings. After covering the insect net, due to the small mesh and high strength, the heavy rain fell into the net after the impact of the insect net, becoming drizzle, and the impact was weakened, which was conducive to the growth of vegetables. It has been determined that under the 25-mesh insect net, the wind speed in the greenhouse is reduced by 15%-20% compared to the exposed land. Under 30 mesh, the wind speed is reduced by 20%-25%, so the insect net has better anti-wind effect.
5) pest control, anti-virus disease. After covering the insect nets, it is basically able to eliminate the cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, brassicae, beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, cotton bollworm, leguminosae, melon, flea beetle, coleoptera, twenty The pests of eight-spot ladybugs, aphids, and Liriomyza sativae infestation are responsible for controlling the occurrence of viral diseases due to the spread of pests.
6) Increase production and income, improve quality. According to the test, the 25-mesh white insect-proof net greenhouse covers the highest yield, which can increase production by about 30%; the pesticide pollution of the net is less, there is no insect eyes, cleanliness, and little mud, and the harvesting period is 4-5 days earlier than the open land, and the commodity is good.
7) Protect natural enemies. The living space formed by the Insect Protection Network provides an ideal habitat for the activities of natural enemies and will not allow natural enemies to escape to the outer space. This creates favorable conditions for the application and promotion of biological pest management technologies.
4 Application scope
1) Leaf vegetables. Mainly used for cabbage, summer cabbage, summer cabbage, spinach, lettuce, cauliflower, radish production. The openness of such vegetables produces more pests and serious pesticide pollution.
2) Solanaceae. Such vegetables are prone to viral diseases in the summer and fall seasons, and the insect nets stop pest transmission and reduce the transmission of viral diseases. Simultaneous isolation of the cotton bollworm, Spodoptera littoralis, 28 ladybugs, eggplant, etc., to reduce the rotten fruit.
3) Melons. Mainly used for melon, pumpkin, watermelon, etc., will help reduce the occurrence of viral diseases and the damage of Huang Shougua and Guagua.
4) Beans. The control effect of insect nets on soybean meal and Liriomyza sativae reaches more than 95%. It can also increase chlorophyll content, increase leaf area and enhance root activity.
5) Nursery. Every year from June to August is the season of growing vegetables in autumn. It is a time when high temperatures, heavy rain, and frequent pests occur. It is difficult to raise seedlings. After the use of insect nets, the emergence rate of vegetables is high, the survival rate is high, and the quality of autumn seedlings is good to win the initiative of autumn and winter vegetable production.
6) Vegetable seed production and breeding. Insect nets prevent the hybridization of breeds due to insect activity, resulting in mixed degradation of seeds. It can be widely used in the seed production of vegetables.
5 investment costs per square meter insect net investment of about 1.8 yuan, higher than the shade net. A one-time investment of about 1,500 yuan per mu, the service life of more than 5a, an average of 300 yuan per mu per year, and the price of vegetables produced per kilogram higher than 1 yuan. The more production cycles in one year, the longer it will cost more.
6 Use technical points
1) Soil disinfection and chemical weeding before covering. This is an important supporting measure for the cultivation of insect nets. It must kill pathogens and pests that remain in the soil and block the transmission of pests. Insect nets should be tightly soiled around the perimeter to prevent pests from sneaking into eggs. When the small arch covers the cultivated vegetables, the height of the arch shed is higher than the height of the crop, and the vegetables and leaves are prevented from clinging to the insect nets, so that pests outside the net feed on the vegetables and leaves, and eggs are laid on the leaves. Check the damage of the insect nets at any time and block the gaps and gaps in time.
2) Implementation of full growth period coverage. Insect nets do not shading much, and there is no need to uncover the night cover or cover it. The general wind does not need to press the network cable. In the case of 5-6 level winds, the network cable must be pulled to prevent it from opening.
3) Select the appropriate specifications, according to the conditions of the vegetable fields and the needs of different crops and seasons, select the width, aperture, wire diameter, color, etc. of the insect-proof net. The important point is the aperture. The number of meshes is too small and the mesh is too large to achieve the desired insect repellent effect. Too many meshes have small meshes and good insect repellent effect, but they have more shading and are not conducive to crop growth. At present, it is more suitable to be 20-25 mesh with a wire diameter of 0.18mm, a width of 1.2-3.6m, and white. If you need to strengthen the shading effect of the insect net, silver gray or gray and black insect nets can be used. Silver gray insect nets are better at avoiding fleas.
4) Comprehensive supporting measures. Select moisture-resistant, disease-resistant varieties, pollution-free organic fertilizers, biological pesticides, and non-polluting water sources.
5) Spray water to cool down. Insect nets have good pest control effect, but when the temperature is high, the net temperature and ground temperature in white pest control nets are about 1 degree C higher than those outside the net, which has a certain impact on vegetable production. Therefore, when the temperature is particularly high in July-August, the number of waterings can be increased and the humidity in the net can be kept to cool down.
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