How is Huang Jing planted? Field management cultivation technology of Huang Jing
Huang Jing, also known as Tiger Ginger and Chicken Head Ginger, is one of the four famous medicines in Taishan. It has the functions of replenishing spleen, moistening lung, producing fluid, nourishing yin and nourishing, antibacterial, anti-aging, Li Rongyan and strong energy. So how is Huangjing planted? Now we will make a brief introduction to the biological characteristics, cultivation techniques, field management, pest control, harvesting and processing of Polygonatum.
First, biological characteristics
More common in the forest, shrubs or hillsides. It is wet and cold, and the seedlings can be exposed to winter. Sandy loam with convenient drainage, deep soil layer, loose and fertile, sufficient surface water and rich in humus is preferred. It is best to be a shaded area, with the upper layer being a well-lit forest edge, shrubs, grasses and open areas under the forest.
Second, cultivation techniques
(1) Site selection, land preparation and fertilization: According to the growth characteristics of Huangjing, the plots are selected according to the growth characteristics of Huangjing. Before the cultivated land, the fully decomposed farmyard manure is about 3000Kg and the compound fertilizer is 30~50kg, deep-plowing, fine-graining, leveling, and arable land. “Shen Nong Dan†or carbendazim for soil disinfection treatment, Shennong Dan should be applied above 15cm soil layer. It is made into flat or high sorghum, with a width of 120 to 130 cm, a groove width of 90 to 100 cm, and a height of 10 to 20 cm. It is advisable to use early morning and late yang to avoid direct light at noon.
(2) Reproduction method: The propagation method of Polygonatum mainly uses rhizome propagation, and can also be propagated by seeds.
1. Rhizome reproduction: Before or after the beginning of October or around the end of March, the rhizome is cut out, and the young part of the apex is selected and cut into several sections, each section has 2 to 3 sections, and the length of the rhizome is 8 to 12 cm. After drying a little, plant it in a good bowl. Open the 7cm deep ditch according to the row spacing of 20~27cm, place the rhizome in the ditch according to the plant spacing of 10~17cm, cover the soil 5~7cm, slightly suppress it, water it once after 3~5 days, and the seedling can be emerged in about 15 days. Be careful to keep the soil moist. Planted in the late autumn, cover some livestock manure, circle fertilizer or straw before freezing, to keep warm and winter, after thawing in the next year, immediately before the emergence of the seedlings, the manure block should be broken, flattened or removed, to keep the soil moist, which is conducive to emergence.
2. Seed reproduction: Select two-year-old plants that are robust and free of pests and diseases. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added in summer to promote plant growth and development, and the seeds are full. When the berries are black and mature in August, they are immediately subjected to wet sand layering. The practice is: 1 part of the seed, 3 parts of wet sand, the humidity of the sand is held in a group by hand, the water is not dripping between the fingers, and the hand is loose. After mixing evenly, dig a 33cm deep pit in the shade, put it in the isolation layer and bury it, or put it in a ventilated woven bag and bury it in the ground to keep the soil moist and prevent water accumulation. Take out in late March and sieve out the seeds. Seeding into the whole sputum, the seedlings can be opened shallow groove by line spacing 13~17cm, the seeds are evenly spread into the ditch, covered with soil 1.5cm, slightly pressed, watered, and covered with a layer of firewood moisturizing, remove the firewood before emergence . When the seedling height is 7 to 10 cm, the appropriate seedlings are placed in the over-tight area, and transplanted one year later.
3. Field management
(1) cultivating weeding: weeding and weeding often in the early stage of growth, and each time in April, June, September and November, it should be shallow, avoiding root damage.
(2) Topdressing: Combine cultivating and weeding every year to carry out topdressing. After the first three times of cultivating, 1,500 to 2,000 kg of human and animal manure are applied per 667 m2. The 4th winter fertilizer should be reapplied, apply 1500kg of soil fertilizer per 667m2, mix with 50kg of superphosphate and 50kg of cake fertilizer, then apply it in the ditch between the lines, cover the soil after application, and shun the soil.
(3) Drainage and irrigation: Huangjing is wet and afraid of drought. The field should be kept moist. In case of dry weather, it should be timely flooded. In the rainy season, it is necessary to pay attention to clearing the ditch to prevent stagnant water.
(4) Shading intercropping: Because Huang Jingxi is damp, afraid of drought, and is afraid of heat, it should be shaded. It can be intercropped, and the intercropping crop has high stalk crops such as corn and sorghum, preferably corn. Each line of Huangjing planted corn 2 lines, or 2 lines of corn 2 lines of Huang Jing or 1 line of corn 2 lines of Huang Jing. Intercropped corn must be spring and early. The line spacing between corn and yellow essence is about 50cm. It is too close to compete for soil nutrients, affecting the yield of Huangjing, and too far is not conducive to shading.
4. Pest control
(1) Leaf spot disease: It is the main disease of Polygonatum, which is caused by the fungus Mycobacterium genus. Harmful to the leaves, irregular yellow-brown spots appear from the tip of the leaves, gradually spreading downwards, and the rainy season is more serious until the leaves are yellow.
Control measures: clearing the garden at the time of harvest, eliminating the diseased body; spraying 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 50% antibacterial WP 1000 times before the onset and early onset, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, continuous Several times.
(2) Earthworms and ground tigers: harming seedlings and rhizomes. Control measures: use manure should be fully decomposed, it is best to use high temperature compost; light traps adult; use 75% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate according to the seed amount of 0.1%; the field occurs with bait trap.
(3) Helicoverpa armigera: a pest of Lepidoptera, a larvae that harms buds, flowers, and fruits. Control method: use black light to trap adult. In the germination period, use 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000 times solution, or 20% pyrethroid EC 2000 times solution, or 50% phoxim EC 1500 times solution. It is also possible to use Japanese natural enemies such as fly, cockroach, and cockroach to carry out biological control.
(4) Aphids: Harm the leaves and seedlings.
Control method: spray with 50% chlorpyrifos EC 1000-2000 times liquid or 1500-2000 times liquid juice.
5, harvest processing
Seeds can be harvested for 3 to 4 years, and roots can be harvested for 1 to 2 years. Generally, it can be harvested before the germination in the late autumn and early spring. The rhizome harvested at the end of autumn and early winter is rich and full, and the quality is the best. After harvesting, remove the aboveground part and roots, rotten sputum, wash the sediment, too large can be divided into 2 to 3 segments, steamed for 10 to 20 minutes in the steamer, to remove the sun through the heart, oily Dry or dry, or boil in water, remove and dry. Steaming is preferred. When drying, simmer until it is dry. Generally, 667m2 produces dry goods of 350~500kg.
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