High-yield, high-efficiency planting patterns in cotton fields and their cultivation techniques

Double high mode.
It refers to the cotton field production and cotton field benefits to achieve high yield, high efficiency standards of multi-maturity cultivation of cotton farming methods. The high yield and high efficiency of cotton fields means that in a cotton area or a cotton field, the cotton yield or cotton field output value reached a high level during the year. For example, the yield per unit of cotton is over two hundred pounds, and the cotton field output value is over two thousand dollars. This is a concrete manifestation of the country's "two high and one excellent" agriculture. The cotton field model refers to intercropping and interplanting in the cotton field for one year, and it can be used as a planting method for multiple crops. The essence of the high-yield and high-efficiency mode in cotton fields is to require cotton yields and the output value of cotton fields to emphasize the effectiveness of the three benefits, highlight the focus on efficiency, and achieve the goal of high cotton yield, efficient cotton fields, and increased income of cotton farmers.
Types of.
1. In autumn and winter, cotton reserves are reserved for development, and cotton is used for single cropping. The main crops are high-yield such as bamboo roots, Zekou, and Yangcheng, which are popular in the garden area. Radish, etc., Laoxin Town expanded the city's wheat and potato cotton this year, generally winter wheat and vegetable output value of 500 to 800 yuan. The output value of cotton is 100~1500 yuan, the total output value of cotton field is over double thousand, and the pure income is about 300~500 yuan/mu higher than that of wheat cotton.
2. In early spring cotton interline sets, this year the city's promotion model 78,000 acres, Muping output value of 339.86 yuan, increased net income of 271.4 yuan. The city’s cumulative income increased by more than 25 million yuan. In the three years from 1997 to 1999, a total of 14.2 million mu was promoted and the income was increased by more than 400 million yuan. Such as: 1 bamboo root beach, Wangchang, Yang City and other areas of vegetable cotton, vegetable, cotton, mu production value of 400 ~ 850 yuan, an average of 600 yuan, Muping total output value of over a thousand, efficiency 500 yuan. 2 Zhoujiu Farm, Yunlianghu Farm, Longwan Town, Haokou Town, and other places of wheat watermelon watermelon farmers, watermelon production value of 700 yuan, Muping income 600 yuan, Muping output value of over a thousand. 3 weeks of Maijiu Farm, Zhouji, Zhugentan, Xiongkou and other areas of Maidoumian, although Muping only increase output value of 150 to 200 yuan, increase income of 150 yuan, but less investment, investment, fertility is very obvious .
3. Reservations for the development of the cotton line between the cotton line, such as wheat, vegetable, soybean, cotton, wheat and peanut, etc. The four-matured model, better efficiency, income is more substantial, in the budding state of our city, only the bamboo root beach, The demonstration of a small number of farmers in the cities of Zekou and Yangzhou is the direction for future promotion.
4. Oil, cotton and cotton fields developed; due to the low quality of wheat, the market is not good. Now, in most parts of the city, the area of ​​rapeseed has been expanded to varying degrees, while reducing the area of ​​wheat. Changing wheat into rapeseeds can increase the income of cotton fields by about 200 yuan, plus early wheat sets, which are more effective than wheat.
Cotton field production of efficient nesting mode, can also be divided into two cooked system, three cooked system, four cooked system and multi-cooked system.
Features:
1. The number of cooked quail increased, the multiple crop index increased, the use of resources was reasonable, the total output of light increased, and the yield of cotton fields increased. Reserve cotton fields in cotton fields cover about 40%. More than 150 days of free time; cotton sowing (transplanting) before the closure of the cotton field to idle more than 100 days, during the reasonable intercropping between crops, increase the system, increase the leaf area coefficient, can effectively increase the annual photosynthesis. At the same time, the three-dimensional stratified light surface structure can effectively increase the utilization of light resources. In this way, it can effectively increase the total light production of the cotton field, increase the production of cotton field production, and thus increase the output of the cotton field, increase the output and improve benefit.
2. According to local conditions, the use of “name, special, excellent, lacking” sets of crops, these specialty agricultural products sell well, the price is good, can effectively stabilize or increase the comprehensive price of agricultural products in cotton fields, challenge the market, and create high efficiency. In recent years, with the overall advancement of the national market economy and the gradual opening of the market agriculture system, the prices of many large varieties of synthetic crops have fallen sharply. If wheat drops to more than four corners, rice is only 0.45 yuan/kg, down 0.15 yuan/kg. Around cotton prices fell to 380~400 yuan/million this year, which was a drop of more than 30%. Farmers were not able to grasp the market and the loss was huge. In the year of 99, most of the farmers in the city reported that they did not increase their yields. Generally, the village reduced its income by about 1 million yuan because of price factors. As a result, the city reduced its income by several billion yuan, and farmers' income was reduced by about 200 yuan. Therefore, it is imperative to guide decision-making with imperatives. At this point, if a crop is planted on a large area, it can be planted because the market will become saturated next year and the price will fall. Therefore, we advocate increasing the use of cotton in the field, increasing the types of agricultural products in the cotton fields, and selecting special varieties. In this way, the prices of different agricultural products in the same field will increase or decrease during the year, which will stabilize the average price of cotton products and increase the efficiency. The price advantage of specialty varieties can also bring about different degrees of improvement in benefits.
3. Complementary advantages of different crops can effectively reduce the investment, fertilizer, medicine, and disaster-resistance capabilities, thereby improving efficiency. Such as fertilizing fertility, intercropping soybeans, peanuts, beans and other leguminous crops, Muping can fix N15.2 kilograms, planting leafy crops, stems and leaves to return fields, mu flat fresh stems more than 1,500 kilograms, can effectively fertilize Fertility. 2 Reduce pesticides, such as growing garlic, onions, spinach, garland chrysanthemum, soybeans, peanuts and other crops. Since individuals have insecticidal or evasion-resisting ingredients, the effects of driving, sheltering, and killing insects are obvious, and they can effectively reduce pesticide input. 3 Increased resilience, Jianghan Plain cotton area, during the peak period of cotton bolls from July to September, drought or floods are frequent, and nine decades, especially drought, due to incomplete irrigation facilities in dry fields, ditches are not matched, drought is difficult . After intercropping cotton crops, it can effectively reduce the loss of land water and ensure high yields.
4. Cotton field products, high output, good prices, high efficiency. For example, wheat pepper growers in Jinghe Village of Jiyukou and farmers in Laoxin Town reported that under the circumstance that the price of cotton fell sharply this year, due to the set of pepper money, Muping’s cotton field income was more than 500 yuan, and the income from pepper harvest was more than 1,200 yuan. , Muping output value of two thousand dollars, net income over one thousand yuan. In the case of many farmers who reported that the cotton was affected by the drought in the drought-damaged year of 1994, the blacksmith's ditch in Muli Village had a full bloom of budding bells. In the end, not only was the nesting increased, but also the cotton yield was higher. 30 kg.
Supporting technology:
1. Optimize the structure of varieties: Cotton should use high-yield and high-quality varieties that are late in ripening, strong in stamina, more resistant to autumn, and stronger in bells. By exerting its late-stage advantages, it will endeavor to harvest peaches in September, catch September peaches, precociously prevent premature aging, and seize high cotton yield. Intercropping crops should use short-stemmed, short-barreled, high-yield, high-quality, and best-selling varieties to obtain cotton and set crops. Two benefits, double high yield, achieve high efficiency.
2. Membrane cover cultivation. Cotton mulching can reduce the impact of previous crops on cotton and create favorable conditions for seizing high cotton yield. At the same time, both cotton and set crops should be insulated and transplanted, delaying the time to enter Daejeon, and shortening the symbiotic period in Daejeon. , By timely timely sowing, nurturing strong seedlings, improve the quality of transplanting, promote the early growth of cotton farmers and intercropping, early maturing and high yield.
3. Reasonably configure the row spacing. It is necessary to ensure the high yield of cotton, but also to strive for the high yield and efficiency of intercropping crops. The density of cotton must not be less than 2500/mu. In addition, the narrow rows of cotton fields must not be less than 1.5 feet, and the width of rows must not exceed 3.5 feet.
4. To promote balanced fertilization techniques, first, increase the application of organic fertilizer, 2.5-3 square meters per mu; Second, comprehensively promote the return of straw before and after the crop and the cotton cover crop; Third, according to the physiological needs of the intercropping crops biased fertilization, general harvest leaves Vegetables, mainly based on the application of nitrogen fertilizer, fruits, beans should pay attention to the input of phosphate fertilizer, and root vegetables, tuber crops should pay attention to increase potassium fertilizer; Fourth, according to the law of cotton fertilizer, adjust the application time and quantity in Under the premise of applying basic fertilizer, it is necessary to control the amount of available nitrogen fertilizer in the seedling fertilizer, increase the application amount in the middle and later period, and pay special attention to increase potassium fertilizer in the high-yield cotton fields; Fifth, comprehensively promote deep application of fertilizers to increase fertilizer utilization. Sixth, comprehensive promotion of popularization and adjustment techniques.
Pay attention to the problem.
1. Must be dominated by cotton. First of all, we must implement high-yield cotton cultivation techniques. Under the premise of ensuring high cotton yields, we should choose suitable intercropping varieties suited to local natural climate, soil types, and market potential.
2. Highlight the winter reserve cotton development.
3. Strictly prevent human and livestock poisoning, leafy vegetables and pepper and soya bean sprouts before harvest 10 to 15 days, raw fruits and other food before harvest, cotton fields generally can not use highly toxic pesticide spray. Mercury lamps, techniques, attractants, moths, seed dressings, stems, and hearts should be used. And pest control combined with pest management.
4. We must persist on picking up the remaining film to keep the soil clean.
5. To grow and combine. The first is to promote the return of straw to the field, and the second is to grow soybeans. The third is to apply fertilizers to the fields according to the rules and requirements of each crop.
6. Keep up with the market. Regulation operations. In the suburbs of the suburbs, vegetables, fruits, and other fruits are mainly used. The varieties include: pepper, cowpea, melon, and fast-growing vegetables; and the local cotton area is dominated by soybeans, peanuts, and corn. At the same time, can not be broken pieces, rely on a family to go to the market, find a market, according to a township a product, the overall layout of a village, one industry to guide the production, the implementation of regulatory measures.

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