Grafting and perennial cultivation techniques of southern eggplant

The rootstock was used as the rootstock, and the eggplants of different varieties were used as the scion. The grafted seedlings can be harvested for 2-3 years. Four soil-borne diseases such as verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, blight, and root knot nematode disease were achieved. High resistance and even immunity, and high yield, excellent quality, good commercial quality. In southern China, eggplants are mainly cultivated in open fields. The result is a period of high temperatures and rainy seasons, frequent heavy rains, and severe epidemics of eggplant soil-borne diseases. In general, the onset of eggplant harvest began in late May, with a mortality rate of 50% to 70%. Severe field plants were destroyed and production was never achieved. In 1997, we introduced the Japanese eggplant grafting technology and its rootstocks for demonstration experiments. The results showed that: eggplant grafting and cultivation can be harvested for 2-3 years at a time, and eggplant verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, blight, root knot nematode disease, etc. The four kinds of soil-borne diseases have reached high resistance and even immunity, and the eggplants produced are of high quality and good commercial quality, and are generally 1-2 times higher than the annual output of self-rooted seedlings. A complete set of relatively mature eggplant grafting and perennial cultivation techniques for the southern region has been formed, and eggplant stocks with better resistance and better grafting affinity have been selected from the imported Japanese eggplant rootstocks. The technology is introduced as follows. First, the selection of rootstocks and scion varieties Rootstock varieties selected Liu An. The growth potential is strong and the roots are well-developed. It is highly resistant or even immune to 4 soil-borne diseases. The seedling stems are thick, the grafting operation is convenient, and the survival rate is high. The grafted eggplant produces high yield and good quality. The requirements for scion varieties are not strict, and the species of the scions after grafting is not changed. The inoculation variety selected in our area is Liuyan No. 3 Purple Long Solanum. The variety is very early-matured, purple-red, and tender meat is one of the currently popular eggplant varieties. Second, nursery 1, sowing date is determined. In winter and spring arched eggplants were grafted and nursed. The rootstocks were sowed after soaking and soaking in early July. They were grafted from late September to early October and were planted in early November. The scion is sown 15-20 days later than the rootstock. Explanted eggplant grafting and nursery, rootstock sowing in the middle and late August after soaking seed germination, from December to February the following year grafting, planting from late February to March. The scion is sown 35-40 days later than the rootstock. 2, germination sowing. The rootstock seeds were soaked in fresh water for 24 hours, drained, set aside at 25-30°C, rinsed daily with water and drained. The germination begins 8-9 days later and the seeds are sown when the buds are almost equal and 1-2 mm long. If the temperature is used to treat germination, germination at 15-20°C (16 hours) and 25-30°C (8 hours) at different temperatures can result in early budding and high germination rate. Prepare seedbeds before seedlings, seedlings to be fine and smooth. Use 50% carbendazim to saturate seedbeds 500 times, and then promptly sow bud rootstocks evenly on seedbeds, cover with sieved nutrients, and take them on top. Cover film and shade net shelter, shelter from rain and light. It is best to broadcast seedling trays for easy management. When the rootstock grows two true leaves, it should be planted. The false seedbed should be selected as a land with high topography and good drainage. Fully cooked farmyard fertilizers were used. After deep-falling, the flats were built and covered with shade nets and membranes to protect against light and rain. The false plant spacing was 6-7 cm. 20-25 days before grafting into the nutrition cup, scion according to conventional methods of nursery. 3, seedling management. Appropriate temperature control of water, anti-Miao Miaochang, topdressing phosphate fertilizer to promote seedlings and strong. When the rootstock grows to 6-8 true leaves, the scions grow to 5-7 true leaves, semi-lignified, and the stems are 3-5 cm thick. 5 to 7 days before grafting, take measures to enhance the survival rate of grafted seedlings and rootstock seedlings. Scion seedlings mainly need to control the water, so that before and after noon slightly wilting state; rootstock seedlings are also appropriate to reduce the amount of watering, but require the wilting degree of the seedling is lighter than the scion. Two days before grafting, one foot of water is poured, and water is no longer watered when grafted. The seedlings managed in this way are drought-tolerant, wilt and light when grafted, and have a high survival rate and are not leggy. 3. Grafting method is used for grafting. The blade is cut transversely with the blade at the thickest part of the upper stems of the two rootstocks of the rootstock. The upper part is removed, then the 1.0-1.5 cm deep incision is made in the middle of the stem, then the scionling seedlings are taken and semi-lignified. Department, that is, eggplant seedling stem purple black and green clearly at the same place, remove the lower end, retain 2-3 true leaves, cut into a wedge-shaped, its size is equivalent to the rootstock incision, immediately after the scion is inserted into the rootstock incision, aligned with a clip to fix . Immediately after grafting, they are moved into a small shed with watered soil, covered with a thin membrane, and not ventilated (over 95% humidity) within 6-7 days. After the sealing period is over, select early morning or evening ventilation with high temperature and high humidity, and ventilate it 1-2 times a day. After gradually uncovering the plastic film, but still maintaining a high air humidity, spraying water at noon every day, 1-2 times until survival. After 4 days of grafting, all of them should be shading, and after half shading until the shades are gradually removed, they will be transferred to normal management immediately after they become alive, and the germinated lateral buds will be removed. After the interface is completely healed, the clips will be removed. Fourth, planting 1, reapply deep organic fertilizer. The growth period of grafted eggplant is much longer than that of self-rooted seedlings. Once planted, it can be harvested continuously for 2-3 years. Therefore, it is required that basal fertilization should be applied once, and the quality farmyard fertilizer should be more than 500 kilograms per mu, 50% should be combined with deep plowing, and the other 50% should be mixed with 100 mg of superphosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate, and 40 kg of urea. 2, appropriate sparse planting. It is generally 1.5 meters long and double-row planting with a spacing of 40-50 cm and 1800-2000 plants per acre. At the time of colonization, the grafting interface of grafted seedlings was more than 3 cm above the surface to prevent secondary infestation. After planting, due to the strong growth potential of the rootstock, new lateral branches will sprout and should be removed in time. The grafted aubergine has a well-developed root system, high yield, large amount of water, and a large amount of fertilizer. It is necessary to strengthen water and fertilizer management, and the results will be followed by a fertilized water every 2-3 days. Others are conventionally managed by the root eggplant. 3, pruning pruning. 1 The first pruning: After the harvest, with the arrival of the summer, not only the result is less, the quality is reduced, and the economic benefits are also greatly reduced. In the first half of July, the first pruning was performed in the morning. The method is to cut off all the side branches 10 centimeters from the top, cut about 30-35 centimeters from the ground. If the temperature is too high, the pruning time can be postponed. After cutting, use agricultural streptomycin 1g plus 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 30g, add 25-30 ml of water into a paste, apply to cut mouth, to prevent infection. After the pruning is completed, the soil is mixed with 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, 150 kg of cake fertilizer or 2000 kg of farmyard fertilizer, and then watered. After pruning, the axillary buds soon formed lateral branches and began to colonize 8-10 days. Each plant was evenly selected for leaving 5-6 lateral branches in different directions. After planting, budding begins 7-8 days later. When 50% of the plants are planted, they need to attack with fertilizer and water. The first fertilizer is applied with 20 kg of urea per acre. After that, the fertilizer is chased once every two months. Wet not see dry. 2 The second pruning: After the first pruning, the eggplant can be listed in large quantities in the middle and late August and the arch shed can be built in mid-November. The eggplant can be harvested until January of the following year. The second pruning was performed in late January. The pruning was shorter than the first pruning by 5 cm. After pruning, open up the ditch and apply 200 kg of cake fertilizer or 2000 kg of farmyard fertilizer, taking care not to hurt the roots and bruise the trunk. Warmer weather in late February, combined with 30 acres of water per acre to recover urea, with the continuous growth of lateral branches per plant to choose to stay 3-4 branches, then transferred to normal management, in late April eggplant can be listed. The total growth period can reach 2-3 years.

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