Genetics authority Cell's latest cancer research results: unlocking 20 years of unsolved mystery

Researchers from Northwestern University have discovered a rare genetic trigger for lethal childhood leukemia and have found a targeted molecular therapy that can be used to prevent the proliferation of this leukemia cancer cell. Over the past two decades, scientists have been hoping to understand the molecular mechanisms of this rare leukemia. The latest research proposes an effective treatment at the molecular level, which is also important for the treatment of other types of cancer.

The research was published in the January 5th issue of Cell, led by Professor Northwest Shili, a professor at Northwestern University who did a lot of ground-breaking work in the H3K4me field and discovered the H3K4 methylase complex in yeast. COMPASS, another major contribution is the discovery of the regulation of the Hox gene by the MLL fusion protein during the pathogenesis of leukemia. His team published a link between histone mutations and cancer in the journal Science, pointing out that a mutation called K-to-M makes the nearby H3.3 protein K9 by recruiting a demethylase (such as KDM3B). The chromatin on the residue is demethylated, thereby affecting the disease.

Acute leukemia is a malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system. It is characterized by a series of hematopoietic cells that malignantly propagate in the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream to infiltrate various tissues and organs. Mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) is a group with considerable nature. The distinction between acute leukemia, which is difficult to treat, is less than 10% to 20% of children diagnosed in the United States who can survive for more than 5 years.

In the latest study, Professor Shilatifar et al. found that when the wrong chromosome 11 breaks and merges with other non-11 chromosomes such as chromosome 19, mixed leukemia is triggered. The protein produced by this mutation is the pathogenic cause of this acute leukemia.

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