Floppy disk breeding and transplanting mechanization application technology

Floppy disk breeding and transplanting mechanization application technology

In recent years, many aspects of agricultural production have been mechanized, freeing people from heavy manual labor, and only mechanization of rice transplanting has not yet been resolved. The peasants have been paying special attention to this issue and governments at all levels have always been concerned about rice. The mechanization transplanting work has been researched and explored tirelessly, but due to the technical problems of transplanting and the advanced and reliability problems of the rice transplanter have not been well resolved, this work has not made much progress.
My county machine transplanting work has been experimentally promoted since 2003 and has been successful. This year, the planting and transplanting area has reached 1,000 mu. The scope of promotion has distributed six townships in the county. The careful analysis of the natural conditions of the county and the combination of climatic factors in the Jianghuai region have not only simplified the breeding program but also made it easier to understand.
At present, machine insert rice fields grow well. In response to the current needs of rural labor transfer and socialized production, the realization of the rice seedlings factory and the implementation of rice transplanting mechanization have become the more urgent requirements of the current countryside.
After the implementation of rice transplanting machine, not only can save a lot of labor, but also can increase savings and savings, while at the same time conducive to the protection of the environment, rice transplanting scientifically set the planting depth and reasonable distribution of plant spacing, not only is conducive to field management is more conducive to the development of a total of duck rice For Other aquaculture.
In order to promote the mechanization of rice transplanting technology in a large area, the County Agricultural Bureau jointly produced a videotape of the floppy disk breeding and transplanting mechanization application technology under the cooperation of Yangcun Rural Agricultural Technology Station for your reference.

The requirements for mechanical seedling transplanting on seedlings The transplanter used is a standardized soil seedling seedling block with a length of 58cm and a width of 28cm, a soil thickness of 2 to 2.5cm, and 1.5 to 3 seedlings per square centimeter. The seedlings used are seedlings of the same age. For 15 to 20 days, the seedling height is 12 to 17 cm. Requires seedlings with well-developed root system and strong packing power.

Preparation of nutritious soil

In floppy disk breeding, the quality of nutritious soil is directly related to the quality of the seedlings being cultivated. The nutrient soil is preferably dry field soil or vegetable garden soil. It can also be used in autumn ploughing and winter plucking in spring plough fields, but soil containing a large amount of aquatic herbicides Not suitable for making nutritious soil, unused land, land covered with weeds and saline land, or land contaminated by industrial mining is not suitable for soil preparation and nutrient soil.
The amount of earth to be sowed shall be about 100 kilograms of fine soil per acre of seedlings. After the soil is taken out, it shall be crushed and sieved to remove weeds and gravel and sand ginger so that the soil does not contain hard impurities more than 0.5 cm in diameter to prevent use. Damage transplanter.
Fertilizer for nutrient soils, fine soil per 100 kg, it is best to add 3-5 kg ​​of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.3 kg of urea and 2-3 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Or add 0.5-0.6 kg of high-quality three-element compound fertilizer, turn it over thoroughly, and stuff it. Can also be applied per 100 kg fine soil organic, inorganic compound fertilizer 3-5 kg, fully mix.
It is advisable to prepare the nutrient soil by using a drought-resisting strong-strengthening agent, and mix it with fine soil per 100 kg and add 0.5 kg of drought-resistance strength agent. In the preparation process of nutritious soil, we must maintain a certain degree of humidity. If the soil is too dry, we can use a sprayer to humidify the nutrient soil when we turn it over. The nutritious soil should be stuffed more than 30 days before use to prevent the local fertilizer concentration in the breeding dish. Excessive damage to seedlings. After nutrient soil is mixed with fertilizer, it should be stuffy.

Putian preparation

The choice of fields: floppy disk breeding fields should be selected in the fertile soil, well-ventilated, sunny flat fields, field irrigation and drainage convenience, convenient transportation, groundwater level below 30cm.
In the flattened paddy field, the width of the dome is 1.4 meters wide, the width of the channel is 30cm, the depth of the trench is 25cm, and the trench is used to make rafts. Generally, the length of the ravine does not exceed 30m. If the radon is too long, it can be left in the middle of every 30m. Gully, to facilitate irrigation and drainage, every five or six miles to stay in a ditch or leave a field to facilitate the management, the middle groove width 30cm, depth 30cm, the ground, the land to open a large ditch, groove width 40cm, depth 35cm, after the ditch To achieve the same three-channel. The water leveling method can also be used for leveling, and the whole method can also be used: the water leveling method can be leveled after soaking in Sheung Shui, draining and drying the field, and tying flat domes; Squeeze flatly.
Seed treatment seeds are selected in the same way as conventional cultivars. Seed treatment has to undergo several steps such as drying, seed selection, chemical treatment, soaking and Cui bud. The sun-dried seeds were soaked after removing grass seeds and cereals. When soaked, 5 mL of seed soaking spirit was added per 6 kg of seeds. After the general indica rice soaking 60 (days * degrees) can be treated with buds and buds, with 90% of the seeds to break the chest and white. Cui shoots should be aired after the buds to prevent the high-temperature burning buds to the extent of whitening the seed coat. Seed sowing after sowing to prevent the growth of buds or buds.
Spreading, loading soil, watering, and disinfection After determining the sowing date, the floppy disk should be tiled in a timely manner. Pay attention to the tightness between the plates when laying the plates and order them neatly. Put the soil; after the floppy disk is laid, press the standard 2cm thickness to evenly put on the disc soil. Too much or too little disc soil will affect the quality of the seedlings being planted. Please pay attention to removing the debris of the disc soil at the same time. Watering: Before sowing, watering the smashing plate in time, watering it to make it saturated, if it's not transparent, the seedlings will be uneven. Disinfection: Employing 1500 times diluted liquid of enemy cough to evenly spray or spray on the surface of the disc, it can effectively kill harmful germs to prevent infestation of the buds and seedlings.

Seeding, earth covering

Water-disinfected floppy disks shall be sowed in time to prevent the floppy disks from excessively dispersing and detrimental to the emergence of unfavorable sprouts of the grains. When seeding, uniforms are to be obtained. According to the varieties, the seeds shall be sorted according to the dish, and the dry seed is approximately 110 grams per sowing, when the seeds are sown by hand. In order to achieve even sowing, it can be used in combination of roughcasting and fine-seeding, and it can be divided and broadcast several times. After sowing, it reaches 2 to 5 grains per square centimeter. Covering soil: Immediately after sowing, the soil is covered with a soil covering thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 cm. The soil can be covered with nutritious soil. The nutrient soil is covered with another fine soil containing a strong tanning agent. The thickness of the covering soil is also required to be uniform, and unevenness will affect the seedlings.

Laminated, covered grass

Covered film, cover grass: After sowing, covering the earth in order to prevent excessive evaporation of water, it should immediately cover the film, thin soil around the membrane compaction seal, play a role in warming, moisturizing, while spreading a layer of straw on the film to prevent noon The temperature in the film is too high, and it plays a role in the cooling of the shade. If the film is exposed to rainy weather before the film is removed, the water on the film should be removed in time after the rain.

Putian Management

Remove the film: After sowing when the seedlings fully reach the leaf can only remove the film, premature uncovering the film can cause uneven seedlings, uncovering the film too late will cause the seedlings too tender, unfavorable late growth. The principle of uncovering the film was to remove the film after five o'clock in the sunny afternoon. If the weather is cloudy, remove the film before light rain and rain, and remove the film after heavy rain. Immediately after uncovering the film, the seedlings should be replenished with water. The replenishment can be sprayed or can be used for irrigation. After the irrigation, the water should be kept clean for 1 to 2 hours. At this time, we entered the official management stage of Putian and adhered to the principle of three investigations: checking the seedling color, checking the disc soil, and investigating the pests and diseases. We generally found that the problems were mostly “three surveys”. Generally, the problems were generally found around noon. Increase roots, keep sunny ditch water or disc soil wet, cloudy drain drain water.
During the two-leaf and one-heart period, a supplement, sterilization, and pest management will be conducted. Supplement fertilizer can dissolve 150 grams of urea per 15 kilograms of water, combine replenishment with retort, spray in the afternoon of dew condensation, and can also be used for pouring. When poured, the concentration is reduced by half. If combined with auxin and trace fertilizer, the effect will be better. In order to prevent seedling blight, it can be sprayed with 1500 times liquid or sprayed on the enemy pine. It would be even better if it was supplemented with "Korto" or "Crest". Because this period is the midday harvest season, a large number of moths thrive, and Putian presents a certain amount of insect pests. Among them, rice thrips and rice planthoppers are heavier, and the density of seedlings is greater, and the hazards are explosive. In this period, 40% aqueous imidacloprid may be used to dilute 2000-fold, or 48% of 1500-fold solution of wormwood may be used to sterilize or prevent insects one or two times to promote normal growth of seedlings.
After confirming the transplanting period, drainage should be conducted three days ahead of schedule, and 7 to 10 kilograms of urea per hectare should be used to send the manure fertilizer. It is recommended to combine the replenishing of water with spraying and to conduct a comprehensive pest control. If the seedling color is tender or the seedlings are weak, auxin or trace fertilizer may be added to facilitate quick return to green after planting.

Site preparation

The rice transplanter does not need to be used to burn wheat stubble. When the soil is set, it can be dry and dry. It can also be watered. It can also be plowed and rotated, depending on the weather and the actual conditions. When the drought is complete, the plough can be ploughed first, then the plow can be smashed into the field, and then the stalk can be used again. The ploughing can be carried out after the smashing and re-rotation or direct rotary ploughing.
In the field preparation can not be ploughed, the depth of cultivation does not exceed 15cm, after the whole to reach the bottom level, the surface unevenness does not exceed 5cm; Sheung Shui precipitation, according to the soil conditions of our Fengtai sedimentation after two days can be transplanted.

Transplant

The machine suitable for machine insertion is a 58 cm long, 28 cm wide, compacted packing block. When starting up, you can place the rake block on the transporter's car. The number of pilings should not be too much to prevent deformation of the boring block. Normally, three tiers should be placed on the yard.
When mounting, the scorpion piece is flattened with a sampan plate, and the sash box of the rice transplanter is moved to the end of one end and stopped. The sash box is placed in the sash box of the rice transplanter. Put into the box. The height of the equipment shall not exceed the height of the cassette. At the same time, a suitable amount of spare rods shall be placed on the spare shelf of the seedlings to facilitate the supply of seedlings from the fields, but not too much.
The depth of transplanting can be determined in the field after trial insertion. The field water should not be too deep when transplanting, generally keep the 3-5cm water layer, no water, or water is too deep to insert the seedlings. When transplanting, the seedlings must not be transplanted when turning in the field. When the seedlings are cut off, the plug-in clutch should be cut off. Do not use the left and right walking clutches to adjust the walking direction during the transplanting. If the plugging machine sounds abnormal or there is a defect in the plug, you should immediately stop and check. If you cannot troubleshoot yourself, please contact the technical personnel to arrive in time. deal with.
Daejeon Management As the machine inserting rice is transplanted with medium and small seedlings, the seedling period is shortened, and the conventional manual cultivation of rice seedlings is changed, and a unique growth and development pattern is formed. Only by properly treating and handling the various measures of field management can we ensure the high yield and stable production of machine- inserted rice.
Shallow water suits seedlings, live trees, before the promotion, in the control, after the promotion of the management principles of scientific management of fertilizer and water, after the end of the machine plug, immediately irrigation shallow water to flood the body is not flooded as the principle, avoid long time deep water, resulting in root hypoxia The formation of water boll seedlings, should not be returned to green fertilizer within a week after planting, or in the event of high temperatures, easy to form a fat-fat seedlings or rotten dead seedlings.
7 to 10 days after transplanting, seedlings roots are accelerated, should be shallow water ground irrigation, keep 3 ~ 5cm water layer, dry and wet, with water to regulate fertilizer, with air to promote roots, strong plants, this time topdressing urea per acre 8 to 10 kilograms or compound fertilizer 15 to 20 kilograms, to make up for the nutrients required by rice, in order to facilitate the return of green trees. In the week after the living plant, the situation of the weeds in the field was removed in time. Unlike the general artificial transplanting, the pesticide should be used with the object. After applying the herbicide, keep the 5-7 cm water layer for 3 to 5 days and open the water level well to prevent it. The water level in the fields was flooded or when it rained, causing flooding dead seedlings.
After 20 days of rice transplanting, Daejeon entered the peak of tillering. In order to reduce the number of ineffective tillers, water was not available in later waters, groundwater in shallow waters, and light-baked grounds were the main ingredients. At this time, it had entered the high-temperature, high-humidity stage in summer and drought, and was also the main site of the Jianghuai region. During the flood season, we must seize the right opportunity to conduct a comprehensive pest and disease prevention in Daejeon. If the rice growth in the later period is difficult, it will increase control costs on the one hand, and affect the normal growth of rice in Datian on the other hand.
In mid-August, rice in the Jianghuai area entered the heading stage. To ensure the number of acres per mu and 1000 grain weights, the seedlings can be treated with 5-7 kilograms of urea, which can only be applied in small amounts. Nutritional supplement, in case of yellowing of the leaf color during the grain filling period, urea can be applied in time of 1 to 2 kilograms per kilogram or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 kilograms, and foliar sprays of 50 kilograms of water can be applied in case of high temperature and high humidity. Fungicide to prevent rice smut and rice stem pods. The water layer is dominated by shallow water, gradually reducing the amount of irrigation until it matures.
At present, rice transplanting and high-yielding technologies are still being perfected. We hope that all of you will observe and analyze more and more conclusions in the daily growth management of rice. Combining with actual conditions, we will carefully grasp every detail and apply this technology to the community as soon as possible to serve the general public for the benefit of the people.

Fengtai County Agricultural Machinery Bureau

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