Fertilizer Requirements and Fertilization Technology of Soybean

In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure and the breeding of some new varieties of high-yield soybeans, people have renewed interest in planting soybeans. However, because many farmers do not grasp the reproductive characteristics of soybeans, the laws requiring fertilization, and fertilization techniques, they mistakenly believe that soybeans have a nitrogen fixation and do not need to fertilize them. Therefore, the management of soybeans is extensive and thin, resulting in low yields. This presents us with an urgent problem: How to fertilize the soil scientifically and harvest the harvest of soybeans? First, the need for soybean fertilizer characteristics 1, soybean itself has nitrogen fixation. The fertilizer needed for soybean growth and development is supplied by Rhizobium and absorbed from the soil. Rhizobia-fixed air nitrogen was utilized by soybeans, and the peak of nitrogen fixation was concentrated from flowering to grain-filling period, and the nitrogen fixation capacity was weak before flowering and in late grain-drilling period. 2. Soybeans need more fertilizer. According to the research, for every 100 kilograms of soybean seeds produced, 6.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 1.5 kilograms of available phosphorus, and 3.2 kilograms of available potassium are needed. The ratio of the three is roughly 4:1:2, which is higher than rice, wheat, and corn. The rhizobial bacteria can only fix nitrogen, and the nitrogen supplied to soybeans only accounts for 50% to 60% of the total nitrogen requirement of soybeans. Therefore, it is also necessary to apply a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to meet their normal growth and development needs. 3. The amount of fertilizer needed for different stages of soybean production varies. Flowering to grain size period is the period when soybean absorbs the most nutrients, and less nutrients are absorbed before flowering and after grains. Second, soybean fertilizer technology 1, more organic fertilizer. Using more organic manure as base fertilizer is not only beneficial to the growth and development of soybean, but also is beneficial to the reproduction of rhizobia and the formation of root nodules, and enhances the ability of nitrogen fixation. Because of the tight sowing time of wheat seedlings, it is not enough time to apply the basal fertilizer to the field. It should be emphasized that the former wheat fields should be treated with more organic fertilizer and fertility. According to the research, the former has good fertility, and the organic fertilizer has sufficient application. Soybean production has obvious effect. 2, clever nitrogen fertilizer. Soybeans need more nitrogen, but because of their nitrogen fixation, the nitrogen fertilizers that need to be applied are not too many. The key is to highlight a "smart" word. Subsequent fertility of the field, timely and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer has a good effect of increasing production; high fertility of the field is not obvious, excessive application is not only a waste, but also will result in reduced production. Generally, 5 kg of urea or 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be used as the base fertilizer per acre. High-fertilizer fields can be applied with little or no nitrogen fertilizer, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be used as a seed fertilizer for better results, which is conducive to the differentiation of soybean seedlings and flower buds. However, the amount of seed fertilizer should be small, but once the fertilizer is isolated, it is necessary to avoid burning seed. The general plot fertilizer application of urea per acre 3 to 5 kg, at the same time with the application of 10 to 15 kg of superphosphate is appropriate, or 2 to 3 kg of urea per acre plus 3 kg of diammonium phosphate production increase is more apparent. Soybeans before flowering or early flowering topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, topdressing urea 3 ~ 5 kg per acre, also has a good role in increasing production. Top dressing can be applied before cultivating and then cultivating immediately. Fertilizer can not be applied to this fertilizer. 3, increase phosphate fertilizer. Soybeans need more phosphorus, so far the soil in most areas shows a certain degree of phosphorus deficiency. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be added. Phosphate fertilizers have poor mobility in the soil. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer or seed fertilizer early application. In general, 15 to 20 kg of calcium phosphate or 8 to 10 kg of ammonium phosphate can be applied per mu. If the former glutinous wheat is full of phosphate fertilizer, there will be no shortage of phosphorus in the soil and no additional phosphate fertilizer will be applied when sowing soybeans. 4, extra-root fertilizer. Soybeans entering the calyx stage are the period when most nutrients are needed, and after the grain stage, the plant lines begin to age and the absorptive capacity decreases. Soybeans often cause premature decline due to lack of fertilizer. Soybean leaves have a strong absorption capacity of nutrients, leaf spray fertilizer can extend the functional period of the leaves, and once the fertilizer utilization rate is high, the root system of the plant begins to age and the absorption capacity declines after the grain size, and soybeans often cause lack of fertilizer. Early decline in production. Soybean leaves have a strong absorption capacity of nutrients, foliar spray fertilizer can extend the functional period of the leaves, once the fertilizer utilization rate is high, the effect of the drum grain is obvious, generally can increase production by 10% to 20%. Per acre can be used 1 kg of ammonium diammonium phosphate or urea 0.5 to 1 kg or 1.5 to 2 kg of superphosphate, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 to 0.3 kg plus 100 grams of borax, 50 to 60 kg of water in the evening spray (including If the superphosphate is pre-soaked for 24 to 28 hours, it should be filtered and sprayed again). From the beginning of the scab, it is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and sprayed for 2 to 3 times. In addition, in combination with the application of fertilizers from outside the roots, adding appropriate varieties and appropriate amounts of plant growth regulators in the fertilizer solution will increase the yield.

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