Factors Influencing the Egg Production Rate of Breeders and Countermeasures
The effect of egg production rate on the economic efficiency is very important. How to increase the egg production rate of the breeder and reduce the unit cost of the egg-laying will make it very important to reduce the egg laying and hatching rate of the breeder to the minimum. Based on many years of practical experience, the author summarizes the main reasons for the decline in egg production of breeders and their features as follows, for reference by the industry.
The reason for the decline in the egg production rate
The factors causing the decline in the egg production rate of breeders can be classified into two categories: First, infectious diseases, and second, feeding and management, among which the decline in egg production caused by epidemic factors is particularly important.
Infectious diseases
(1) Viral diseases caused by decreased egg production include Newcastle disease, bird flu, egg drop syndrome, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, fowlpox, and infectious encephalomyelitis. Each has different clinical symptoms, epidemiological characteristics and anatomic pathological changes. The general performance is reduced feed intake, the egg production rate is gradually reduced, output soft shell eggs, thin shell eggs or white shell eggs, eggs become smaller, while deformed eggs, shell eggs, soft shell eggs, brown eggs, thick shell Eggs and small eggs, and gradually increase, often appear invalid drug treatment and sporadic deaths, of which the Newcastle disease, bird flu, egg drop syndrome, infectious bronchitis is the most serious harm.
(2) Bacterial diseases caused by decreased egg production mainly include Salmonella (chicken typhoid), E. coli, and S. henryiformis. Most of these diseases occur in chickens with poor sanitation. The chicken house is not sterilized for several weeks or even several months. Chicken manure is not cleaned in time, and air pollution and poor ventilation in the house can cause such diseases. The main performance is that the egg production is not high, the peak of egg production is difficult to maintain or even reach the peak of egg production, and the rate of death scouring increases. Treatment with antibiotics has a certain effect, but the peak of egg production can not reach the original level.
Feed Nutrition and Feed Management Factors
(1) Feed nutrient factors The lack of nutrients in the feed, the changes in the source of raw materials and nutrients, and the inferior feed ingredients can all cause declines in egg production. In addition, high moisture content of corn, nutritional imbalance, incomplete, inadequate drinking water, feed vitamin D, E and manganese deficiency, lack of salt, etc., can cause decreased egg production. Feed nutrients cannot fully meet the need for egg production, resulting in poor quality of egg production and egg shells, resulting in a decrease in egg production rate and a decline in breeder quality and hatchability.
(2) Feeding management factors Heat stress, scaring, lack of light, failure of vaccine immunization, improper use of equipment, sudden replacement of feed, and poor breeder responsibilities can all lead to a drop in egg production. In the clinic, the author once encountered a sudden stop of light for more than 10 hours due to the accidental malfunction of the light controller in the broiler breeder farm, which caused the breeder's egg production rate to drop from 80% to 30%.
Immunosuppressive factors
Immunosuppressive diseases can cause the body to be in a sub-healthy state, leading to vaccine immunity failure, or an outbreak of conditional pathogenic bacteria induced by various stress factors. Such immunosuppressive diseases include infectious bursal disease, Marek's disease, reticuloendotheliosis, and J subgroup leukemia. Among them, subgroup J leukemia was introduced from abroad because of inadvertent introduction. It is commonly referred to as leukemia clinically. The disease and its virus (ALV) is a retrovirus (similar to human HIV, but it does not infect humans. ) It can spread both horizontally and horizontally, but it can spread slowly, causing neoplastic death and low mortality. Once the breeding farm is infected with the disease, in addition to causing 15% to 30% reduction in egg production, it can also cause vertical transmission of eggs and chicken immunosuppression.
In addition, aflatoxins in feed can also cause immunosuppression.
Prevention
From the above, it can be seen that the factors that affect the decline in egg production rate of breeders are numerous and complex. Therefore, after the egg production rate declines, the cause should be analyzed in a timely manner to make a correct diagnosis promptly. Different preventive measures are adopted so that better control effects can be obtained.
Strengthen feeding management
Strengthen hygiene and epidemic prevention disinfection, establish effective biosecurity measures, and persist in using SPF vaccines all year round to reduce cross-infections caused by improper use of vaccines. Feeding nutritious and high-quality compound feeds to create a safe, comfortable and hygienic living environment for breeder chickens and enhance their body constitution and disease resistance. This has a positive effect on any factors that cause egg production rates to decline and promote egg production to rise. .
Improve environmental control
Under heat stress conditions, methods such as enhanced ventilation, spray cooling, shelter arranging, drinking cool water, lowering stocking density, adjusting nutrition (increasing nutrient concentration), and drug prevention (adding heat-stress resistant drugs to drinking water or feeding materials) can be reduced. The adverse effects of stress. At the same time, necessary preventive measures are formulated to increase the ability to quickly respond to unexpected events such as power outages and water shortages.
Reduce immunosuppressive factors
Focus on prevention and control of immunosuppressive diseases and eliminate all factors that cause vaccine immunity failure. Prevent moldy feed and do a good job of environmental disinfection.
In short, the cause of the decline in the egg production rate of breeders is various and complex. Once the egg production rate declines in production, the production environment, feeding and management, feed quality, disease prevention procedures, vaccine types, drug quality, and surrounding chickens At the time, local chicken flock conditions and other aspects of the full range of judgments, comprehensive analysis. With appropriate preventive measures, rapid treatment can be achieved, the condition can be controlled, and egg production rate, fertility rate, hatching rate, hatching rate, and economic loss can be reduced.
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