Enzyme technology

I. Project Overview
The issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has become the most important issue in China's national economy and has aroused the attention of the entire party and the country. One of the important measures to solve the "three rural issues" is to adopt advanced science and technology at home and abroad, transform traditional agriculture, accelerate the pace of modern agriculture, and produce high-quality, high-value-added agricultural and sideline products in accordance with the needs of domestic and foreign markets. Improve economic efficiency and social benefits. We have plannedly developed and promoted the inscriptions of Premier Wen Jiabao that have been hailed as "the hope of the future of China's agriculture" and included in the national "Spark Plan" project. This will promote the modernization of China's agriculture and solve the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. There are urgent significance and broad prospects.
Enzyme biotechnology, a bioengineering project, produces a variety of beneficial microbial populations that catalyze the breakdown of acids. As an evolutionary biotech crystallization, it brings new hope for the sustainable development of agriculture. This technology can not only effectively solve the problems of chemical fertilizer pollution, pesticide pollution, soil compaction, and environmental pollution in agricultural production. Moreover, the fertilizer produced by this technology is to produce green and pollution-free, and the people in urban and rural areas will enjoy the best biological and biological fertilizers for agricultural and non-staple foods. It is considered by domestic and foreign experts that this will be a major revolution in promoting the transformation of traditional agriculture into modern ecological agriculture.
Second, technology introduction (a), enzyme bacteria is the introduction of foreign advanced science and technology.
As early as in the 1940s, the Japanese microbiologist Shigeki Koji started a research and development of a new type of agricultural high-tech-enzyme technology (called the island-based microbiological agriculture law), which entered the application stage in the late 1980s. It has been used in more than twenty countries and regions in the world for crop cultivation, aquaculture, environmental protection, and human health care, and has achieved great economic and social benefits. My company has introduced this high technology from Japan in 1997 and has conducted experiments, demonstrations and promotion, and has achieved extremely significant results.
According to the comprehensive information of all parts of the country, through the application of enzyme-fermented crops, vegetables, fruits and other crops to increase production 30-100%, the quality of agricultural products is significantly improved, the color of the flowers is not easy to wither; fruit sweetness increased by 2 degrees, taste and merchandise are better than The application of chemical fertilizers and other fertilizers, and the disease is greatly reduced, can solve the problem of crop re-disease, reduce or eliminate pollution of pesticides and chemical fertilizers on the environment and food, and also have the aspects of returning straw, preventing soil compaction, salinization, desertification, etc. With a broad application prospects.
(II) Principles and Functions of Enzyme Bacteria Enzymes are composed of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and dozens of bacteria and enzymes form functional groups with beneficial biological activity. It not only decomposes various organic matter such as crop straws, but also decomposes chemical components such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides that remain in the soil. It can also decompose zeolites, shales and other minerals. It can produce a variety of vitamins, nucleic acids, and bacteria during decomposition and fermentation. Fermentation products such as body proteins have a rich nutritional value. Fertilizer produced by enzyme technology can be used to kill pathogenic bacteria in soil. It can comprehensively improve the soil to make soil soft, breathable, water-retaining, fertilizer-saving, drought-resistance-resistant, and tolerant to earthworms. It can also improve ground temperature and soil strength, overcome the problem of crop replant, and effectively control it. Pests and diseases, steadily increase production, and can greatly improve the quality and taste of agricultural products. The ground temperature of the fertilizer vegetable greenhouse can be increased by 2-3°C, the yield is increased by more than 30%, and the mature period is 7-10 days ahead of time, and the sugar content of the fruits is increased by 2-3 degrees, which can create better economic benefits.
(III) Description of Biofertilizer Components of Enzymes
1. The main components constitute living bacteria: There are mainly nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-releasing bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, fungi, and a variety of bacterial flora that are beneficial to plants.
Substances of life: Substances produced during the fermentation of microorganisms, 17 kinds of amino acids, 33 kinds of free amino acids, 12 kinds of fatty acids, various enzymes, and biological hormones are measured. Among them, enzymes play an important role in life activities. Without these enzymes, plants cannot grow.
Contains 6 kinds of non-metallic elements and 20 kinds of metal elements, which are closely related to the growth of animal and plant. Among them, 16 elements including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, chlorine, and sulfur are necessary nutrients and trace elements for plant growth. Organic matter can solve soil compaction and salinization problems.
2. Enzyme bio-fertilizer is all-element, nutrient-type, sustained-release long-term, high-energy active fertilizer. All elements: This fertilizer contains various elements required for the growth of various crops, and according to the theory of balanced fertilization, according to the crop The maximum amount of nutrients is matched to ensure that there will never be any de-fertilization and lack of fertilizer during the whole growing period of the crop, so as to achieve high yield and high yield.
Nutritional: The original amendment, completely remediation of soil chemical fertilizer residue, improve plant resistance, resistance to diseases and insect pests to achieve little or no pesticide effect.
Sustained release long-term effect: This fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter, coupled with microbial reproduction of various types of organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, free amino acids, etc. have a slow release, long effect of fertilizer.
High-energy activity: The unique types of bacteria in this fertilizer can efficiently and completely decompose the residues of chemical fertilizers and various substances that cannot be decomposed in the soil, increase the structure of soil aggregates, retain water and fertilize fertilizers, and completely kill the pathogens in the soil. There is no soil-borne disease, so that crops can grow in the best environment, so as to ensure the yield and quality of crops, increase input-output ratio, and increase economic efficiency.
(D) Effective microbial flora and biological enzymes have extremely high activity. The organic acids secreted in the fission-producing life activities can dissolve the phosphates and nitrates in the soil and release them to the soil and are largely fixed. Phosphorus, potassium and trace elements increase the effectiveness of soil nutrients. At the same time, microorganisms multiply in the soil at an alarming rate. The secretions produced can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, eliminate compaction, and improve soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat. , to enhance the strength. Organic acids secreted by microorganisms can neutralize saline and alkali, reduce soil salinity and alkalinity, increase soil permeability, water retention, increase fertility and sustainability. The enzyme in the fertilizer can catalyze various biochemical reactions at room temperature and pressure, produce a variety of antibiotics and growth hormone, activate the soil to release a large number of trace elements, can increase the amount of trunk roots and capillary roots by 30-50%, and rapidly expand nutrients. Transportation pipelines allow crops to properly balance the use of fertilizers, promote crop growth, early maturing, increase income, enhance resistance, disease resistance, drought resistance, low temperature resistance, lodging resistance, long-term high temperature, low temperature root growth, weak seedlings, Yellow leaves, lack of vitality or roots, and flowering, fruit drop and frost damage due to heavy smashing or senescence, slow greening of the overwintering crops, and low tillering, have excellent curative effects.
The fertilizer is non-toxic, non-harmful, and has no residue. It greatly improves the crop quality and safety to crops, has no side effects, does not pollute the environment, and protects the agricultural ecology. It is a veritable agricultural environmental protection fertilizer, green fertilizer, and ecological fertilizer.
Mixing soil, loading nutrients or mixing base fertilizer 150-200 kg per acre, the whole process of crop growth does not require top dressing, can extend the growth period of 20-28 days, increase production by more than 30%.
(E), the physical and chemical indicators of enzyme activity of active bacteria ≥ 60 million / gram;
The total amount of NPK is ≥ 8%;
Organic matter ≥18%;
(6) Implementation measures for enzyme technology The enzyme bacteria technology adopts scientific measures and means to make full use of the wastes from agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery for comprehensive utilization and turn waste into technical guarantee. All places where farms, animal and plant wastes, and garbage are used are more conditional and use enzyme technology. In countries with a high level of industrialization in the United States, enzyme technology has generally become the core technology that promotes the transition from "chemical agriculture" to "organic agriculture" and "ecological agriculture." In some provinces and cities in China, the negative effects of heavy use of municipal industry and household waste, rural straw, and rural straw incineration, and fertilizers and pesticides on the ecological environment and agricultural production have weakened the domestic and international market competitiveness of agricultural and sideline products in China. Enzyme fermentation technology came into being, and it is the responsibility of the country to undertake the historic task of achieving the second take-off of agriculture. It will certainly become the only choice and support for the development of agricultural technology in China. Judging from the practical application effect, this technology has broad prospects for promotion in the world.
(7) Development and application of enzyme bacteria technology to improve the ecological environment.
1. Overcome the severe damage and vicious circle of soil structure due to the use of large amounts of chemical fertilizers.
2. Solved the serious harm caused by the abuse of pesticides to human health.
3. Reduced severe environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and straw and waste.
Biozyme Technology Brief Introduction The enzyme application method for agricultural enzymes is widely used in the fields of crop farming, aquaculture, environmental protection, and human health food. It is not only an advanced, effective microbial fertilizer that overcomes the disadvantages of inorganic chemistry, but also uses biotechnology to make tradition. Agriculture goes to ecological agriculture and forms an effective way for agricultural industrialization and large-scale production of "pollution-free green food." The relevant experts called it the second revolution in agricultural technology. At present, more than 20 countries and regions around the world have promoted their use. In 1995, a number of newspapers, magazines, and radio stations such as People’s Daily and Science and Technology Daily reported accordingly. At present, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China has taken the lead in introducing this technology. After years of experiments and demonstrations, it has tasted the sweetness and formed the scale of industrialization of the enzyme bacteria. In addition to investment of 120 million, various compost pools have been established. A further investment of 8.5 million yuan was made to establish a strain plant with an annual output of 7,000 tons of expanded bacteria, creating direct economic benefits of more than 80 million yuan.
1. Similar to the long-term use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in a vicious cycle of soil conditions, the most prominent is the soil compaction, poor permeability, fertilizer plants can only absorb one-third, the other two-thirds of the NPK and The trace elements needed for crops are solidified by soil, and the application of enzyme bacteria can loosen the soil, has good permeability, forms a granular structure of the soil, retains water and fertilizes, increases the temperature of the ground, resists drought and rot, and enhances the z-force of adaptability of crops. As a result, the efficiency of local fertilizers is improved and the yield is steadily increased. The cultivation conditions of greenhouses using enzyme bacteria in Japan are: 22 tons of cucumber per mu; 12 tons of fertilized per mu; 10 tons of celery per hectare, each weighing up to 2.5 kg. Fertilizer celery produces 5 tons per mu; tomatoes produce 22 tons per mu, and chemical fertilizer uses 10 tons per mu. In Changyi, Weifang, China, 24 tons of cucumber per kilogram of enzyme is produced. Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province uses enzyme bacteria to grow rice. From June 2 to August 10, the average grain size is 110 grains per panicle. Only 92 tablets.
2. Form the advantages of beneficial microbial communities, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. At the same time, it also solved the problem of heavy crop disease in crops. After the application of enzyme fungus fertilizer to crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and watermelons, which are seriously endangered in Japan, the yield and quality of the crops were continuously improved after fifteen or six years. The watermelon and tomato planted experimentally in Weifang City of Shandong Province have solved the problem of double eyelid disease.
3. Increase the content of basic acid and sucrose in crops. The quality of products is obviously improved. The vegetables and fruits grown with enzyme-fermented fertilizers have high yield, good taste, good taste, high chlorophyll content, and no pollution residue. , Long shelf life, not easy to fade, Weifang City, the application of enzyme bacteria produced strawberry, watermelon, peach sugar embankment more than 2 degrees.
4, the application of enzyme bacteria in beverages, the technology is more mature. Due to the high degree of development in nutrition and animal science, it has brought great progress to the livestock industry. In order to improve livestock production, the results of its nutritionally-centered mixed drink can not be ignored. However, on the other hand, with the improvement of productivity and the continuous improvement of the feed environment and variety of the field, the livestock has reduced the disease resistance and the resistance, resulting in the weakening of the management function, thereby causing physiological disorders, dysfunctions, and metabolic disorders. And other illnesses. Therefore, the emergence of abuse prevention drugs and the addition of antibiotics, preventive drugs, vitamins, and other general knowledge to mixed feeds has become a new social problem. From the perspective of food pollution, these disadvantages should be investigated. To meet the requirements of the Food Sanitation Law, one of the ways to solve the problem is to use newly developed biotechnology. The use of enzymes and enzyme feeds has a great effect on the healthy production of livestock and the improvement of disease resistance. Therefore, more and more attention has been drawn from all walks of life.
The use of enzymes in feed can reduce the odor of the faeces and reduce the odour of livestock houses to the environment. First of all, as with the role of enzymes, fermented feeds are easily digested in the digestive organs, thereby improving the digestibility of the food. Secondly, the whole intestine function becomes better. It is well-known that there are a myriad of microbial species in the intestine. They can both promote the digestion of food, produce vitamin B complexes, and inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. It also plays an important role in the gastrointestinal clean-up and health care of livestock. In addition, the use of enzyme bacteria feed can provide more fiber components, in particular, feed some sawdust feed will increase the value of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal bacteria, and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, thereby eliminating the abnormal digestion of feed, in the inhibition of The odor of ammonia and ammonia increases the supply of lignocellulose. Therefore, the use of enzyme bacteria to ferment the feed, so that the intestinal bacteria often remain in the normal state of the balance, inhibit the decomposition of the human feed, improve the digestibility, but also contribute to the usefulness of vitamin B group and vitamin K, etc. The production of rich nutrients and the digestion of beverages, fermented feed enzymes can also detoxify and excrete the toxic substances produced in the digestion of feed and the toxicity present in the feed.
In addition, the use of enzyme feed can enhance the hobby. Animals such as cows, sheep and other herbivores and chickens, pigs, and other miscellaneous animals are particularly fond of the sweet and odoriferous taste (alcoholic fermented taste) produced by the fermentation of plant-derived feeds. While odor is used to increase appetite, fermented beverages The sugar, amino acids, and high alcohol flavors that are produced further strengthen the taste of the feed and thus become a major factor in the appetite.
Enzyme fermented feed can produce beneficial substances, various enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase and other digestive enzymes, oxidase, catalase and other oxidizing enzymes such as oxidoreductase are produced by fermentation of cheap feed, it While actively decomposing the nutrients in the feed, it also helps digestion in the animal body, thereby increasing the digestibility of the feed.
Feeding of enzyme fermented feeds and enzyme bacteria promoted the reproductive activity of livestock and eliminated reproductive disturbances and infertility. This was mainly due to the effect of the supply of vitamin B in the fermented feed.
Enzymes are used to generate growth-promoting unknowns (VGF), promote the growth of livestock, prevent excess fat, improve meat emulsions, and use enzyme bacteria and fermented feeds to excavate the value of untapped feed. Since 70% of its production cost is feed in animal husbandry operations, although the proportion of feed costs is extremely high, the level of feed nutrition adults cannot be judged simply by the level of beverage prices. For example, the price of wheat is higher than that of rice sugar compared with wheat sugar. From the point of view of its nutritional adults, high-priced wheat cannot be said to be superior to the modest price of rice bran. The crude protein of wheat is about 21% less than that of rice bran, and the crude fat only accounts for 1/9 of the rice bran, and the sugar is about twice as much as rice sugar, and the content is more, but the price of wheat is three times that of rice sugar. . Another key issue is the absorption rate.
The key to using fermented feed is always to increase the digestibility of the feed. If the digestibility of rice is similar to that of corn, the value of rice bran can be further increased. In livestock feed, such as rice bran and straw Only feedstuffs that are worthy of development can be used to reduce the cost of animal products and increase their economic efficiency.
Enzyme fermented feed can increase the content of crude protein in the feed. After treating the roughage such as starch sawdust with enzyme bacteria, the number of crude protein is noticeably increased.
These bacterial proteins can be directly used as a raw protein protein for livestock drinks. The most expensive protein feed is animal feed beverages, and some of them can be supplemented with microorganisms. Therefore, it can be said that this is an enzyme fermented feed economically. One of the advantages.
Enzyme fermentation feed effect.
Take chickens and cattle for example:
(1) Increase the egg production rate: The egg production rate is increased by 10%-20%.
(2) Reducing bad guys: The broken egg rate was reduced to 0.5%. Soft shelling rate is reduced to less than about 2%.
(3) Mortality: The death rate due to infectious disease and stunting is almost zero.
(4) Early fattening: The nutritional value and nutrient balance of the enzyme fermented beverage is balanced, so the effect of early fattening is very good.
(5) To reduce odor of feces: not only improve odor, but also improve the environment.
(6) To improve disease resistance: As a result of the various effects of enzymes, the physical strength of livestock has been greatly enhanced, thus supporting the occurrence of infectious diseases.
(7) Improved egg quality: After ten days of fermenting the feed with enzymes, the nutrients of the eggs were improved, the taste was delicious, and the smell of the eggs was reduced.
(8) Improve meat quality: Fermentation feeds balance the nutrients needed to produce a delicious and tender meat.
(9) Prolonging the laying period: The laying period can be prolonged from the beginning of egg production to about 580 days. According to the variety, there are also records of 610 days.
(10) Improve the hatching rate: Because the nutritional status of adult chickens is good, the fertility rate is improved, and the hatching eggs have a good nutritional balance and the hatching rate is improved.
(11) Reducing the amount of nutritive additives: In fermented feeds for enzymes, there are more nutrients than nutrients in the mixed feed, and the digestion and absorption rate is high, so it can feed a large amount of nutritional dose.
(12) Exterminating pathogens: Similar to the long-term use of enzyme fermentation feeds, so that the entire chicken house will drive off the beneficial bacteria of the pathogen. Its advanced is that the enzyme bacteria is a beneficial microbial group that can produce a variety of catalytic enzymes, and has a strong With good aerobicity and fermentation decomposition ability, it can decompose various crops such as orange bar, bark, sawdust, etc., and can also decompose pesticides, chemical constituents, and also can decompose shale, bentonite, zeolite and other minerals. Therefore, enzyme fertilizer application After entering the soil, beneficial microorganisms can kill the pathogenic bacteria in the soil, dissolve the solidified nutrients in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the temperature of the soil, decompose residual pesticides, and gradually eliminate the pollution of fertilizers and pesticides to agricultural products. To achieve high production, optimization, pollution-free foreign exchange for export purposes. The use of enzyme bacteria technology, feed additives made for livestock and poultry breeding, can improve the conversion rate and utilization of feed, kill celestial bodies of bacteria, accelerate the reproduction and growth of livestock and poultry, and improve economic efficiency.
Enzyme Bacteria Project Profile The enzyme bacteria is a beneficial microorganism isolated and purified from the natural world. It is a combination of fermentation, which consists of bacteria, enzyme bacteria, and filamentous bacteria. More than 20 species of microorganisms that can produce active decomposition enzymes. The products, which have been developed and researched by various scientific research institutions in various countries during the past decades, have become increasingly mature in the 1980s and are widely used in the planting, breeding, and human health instrument industries. At present, 21 countries and regions have successfully developed and promoted, and they have achieved extremely significant results.
Enzyme technology utilizes the survival characteristics of microorganisms such as "symbiotic, parasitic, alternate, and resistant" and biological titres that generate dozens of enzymes. It has strong aerobicity and fermentation decomposition ability. It can kill soil by using it as organic fertilizer. The pathogenic bacteria in the soil dissolves the nutrient solidified in the soil, improves the soil structure and raises the ground temperature. It is used as a feed and feed additive for animal husbandry, which can increase the conversion rate of the beverage, kill the vegetative bacteria in the body, and reduce the bacterial infection. , Screen high-yield meat, egg production rate, and promote the export of large quantities of green agricultural products.
The main characteristics of the enzyme bacteria project are: a variety of bacteria are complementary to each other, the fermentation process is simple, easy to grasp, the raw materials are rich and inexpensive, the production cycle is short, the investment is small, the effect is quick, the benefit is high; the product has high viable count, and the enzyme activity is strong. The quality and performance are stable, dry at room temperature, the cells are dormant, long-term survival, easy to save, easy to transport.
Enzyme bacteria are aerobic microbial populations with strong fermentation capacity. During the fermentation process, a variety of beneficial bacteria rapidly proliferate, producing a large number of beneficial metabolites, and secrete a variety of active decomposing enzymes. These enzymes have strong catalytic decomposition capabilities. First, it can catalyze the decomposition of crop straws and leaves. Weeds and other organic matter form humus; secondly, they can decompose shale and other minerals to produce active substances that can be absorbed and utilized by plants; and thirdly, they can degrade chemical components such as fertilizers, pesticides, and dissolved nutrients in the soil. Increase the content of available nutrients in the soil. In addition, the enzyme series of fertilizers, destroyed in the soil to destroy its metabolites not only promote plant growth, but also inhibit and kill pathogenic bacteria in the soil, effectively control and prevent crop pests and diseases, reduce the amount of pesticides, at the same time, Improve the structure of the soil mass, enhance permeability and water retention and fertility, and finally achieve improved soil and sustainable development of agriculture.
Enzymes are made into fermented feeds and feedstuffs. They are used in animal husbandry, and they can give full play to the dual effects of the double additive of microbial preparations and enzyme preparations, increase the conversion efficiency of feeds by 20-40%, and increase 2.5 times, crude fiber is reduced by 50% and sugar is increased by 10%. At the same time, the microbial protein of the enzyme can be at least used as an important protein source for livestock and poultry. In addition, the digestive system of livestock and poultry can be eliminated and prevented. It will make livestock and poultry grow fast, with good meat and eggs, high yield, and optimization of pollution-free.
Enzyme bacteria are used for fermentative decomposing of crop straws and waste materials, and straw and garbage are returned to the field to eliminate environmental pollution caused by straw burning and rot and odor.
Chengde City, located in the northeastern part of the province, is a poverty-stricken mountainous area with undeveloped economy. The soil is barren, lacks of phosphorus and nitrogen and zinc are insufficient, and the organic matter content is 1.59% on average. It is a mid-lower level and the grain is low and unstable, especially near the grain. In recent years, the phenomenon of heavy organic fertilizers has become more and more serious. As a result, soil compaction, soil fertility decline, agro-environment deteriorated, and pests and diseases have become serious. The use of pesticides in large quantities has resulted in a decline in the quality of agricultural products, to a certain extent healthy, and constraining the development of agricultural production. "Two high and one excellent" agriculture has brought a lot of difficulties, so improving the soil, fertility, development of ecological agriculture, and production of pollution-free green foods have become a top priority. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of fertilizer, that is, to increase the yield of crops and increase the output value, which in turn can promote the sustainable development of agriculture. The development and utilization of enzyme bacteria provide an effective way to solve the problems in agriculture. Series fertilizers are also unmatched by other organic fertilizers.
After the extensive application of enzyme bacteria, the National Science and Technology Commission has listed this as a national-level key scientific and technological project, and the Ministry of Agriculture has also promoted it in the country. Therefore, the development and promotion of this project will surely achieve good economic and social benefits.
Enzyme fermentation technology The enzyme fermentation method is a group of beneficial microorganisms capable of producing a variety of catalytic enzymes that are composed of bacteria, actinomycetes, and yeasts, enabling the realization of the natural world: (1) Inorganic matter with poplarization or biosynthesis (2) Inorganic or organic decomposition of organic matter, which accelerates the growth of crops and enables the long-term preservation of excess soil nutrients. The hydrolytic enzymes such as glucoamylase, proteolytic enzymes, etc., which are produced by fermenting microorganisms with enzymes, can promote hydrolysis. Organic materials and integrated hydrolytic reactions are the basic principles behind the production of enzymes. The decomposition of organic matter basically has two corresponding processes, and the production technology of enzyme bacteria is mainly used aerobic decomposition. This is the decomposition of aerobic microorganisms that use air or oxygen in the water (free oxygen) to reproduce. Aerobic fermentation produces heat of fermentation at about 50-60°C, sometimes reaching temperatures above 70°C. In the production of enzymes, the key to technology depends on the following three basic conditions:
One of the keys to quality depends on moisture. The most important prerequisite for the production of enzyme bacteria is the moisture at the beginning. Regardless of raw materials, the moderate moisture content should be between 55 and 60%. Such moisture is the state that moisture has fully penetrated into the raw material. If the water content is too high, the permeability of the material and the passage of fresh air are not smooth, and the anaerobic state is easily caused and the fermentation process is reversed and fails. If there is insufficient moisture, it is still ideal aerobic fermentation at the beginning, and soon the water reduces the heat of vaporization required for the evaporation of water, so that the central part of the raw material becomes an abnormally high temperature of dehydration and drying. The heat of fermentation can rise sharply to 70-80 degrees. Such a high temperature will lead to the death of beneficial aerobic fermentation microorganisms, leaving only lineage plants that are fond of high temperature heat and a portion of heat resistance, so the fermentation product will turn white. It is the so-called fever phenomenon that causes the failure of fermentation. So the regulation of water is very important.
The second is the adjustment of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. Microbial active activities are based on organic matter as a nutrient source. In order to make the most optimal use of this nutrient source, the balance between the nutrients must be maintained.
Third, the microorganisms required for fermentation to decompose and decompose the nutrients not only need nitrogen as a nutrient, but also require the quality (carbohydrates) as its life energy. In addition, phosphoric acid, lime, bitter earth, potassium, etc. are also needed. There are also certain requirements for many trace elements such as sulphur, iron, manganese and steel. In general, these elements are widely used in most raw materials. Contains, so generally do not have to add.
According to the specific conditions of each field, the technical process and technical formula are guided by the company's technical department.
The promotion of enzyme technology and enzyme fermentation technology is a high-tech agricultural bioengineering technology. Through the promotion and application of large-area and multi-fields, it has proved that the enzyme bacteria technology is mature, advanced and reliable, and has obvious application effects. It is an application-type agricultural high-tech that is in line with China's national conditions. technology.
Because of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China's growing industry for many years, soil compaction and soil fertility have been reduced, and diseases and insect pests have collapsed. The feed conversion rate in the breeding industry is low and the disease is serious. The ratio of meat to meat is only half that of the United States and Canada, and the chemical fertilizers and drugs are particularly serious. Residues affect people's health and affect the export of agricultural and livestock products. The introduction of enzyme bacteria technology has brought hope to solve these problems.
Enzyme bacteria is a kind of beneficial microbial flora containing many kinds of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, etc. It can produce dozens of enzymes, has a strong aerobic fermentation decomposition ability, and can both catalytically decompose various crop straws, sawdust, etc. It can also decompose the chemical composition of fertilizers and pesticides, and can also decompose minerals such as shale and zeolite, and produce a large number of nutrients that passive plants absorb. The application of enzyme bacteria technology in the planting industry can increase production, improve quality, reduce disease, gradually eliminate chemical fertilizers and pesticides, achieve high-yield, high-quality, pollution-free purposes; application in the breeding industry can improve the digestion and absorption capacity of livestock and poultry, and increase resistance. Disease, improve egg production, meat production, improve the quality of meat and eggs. The fermented bacteria series fertilizer produced by Haicheng Sanyu Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. of Liaoning Province has achieved gratifying results in its application.
The promotion of enzyme bacteria technology can stably increase the output of agricultural products. Practice has proved that: The application of enzyme biofertilizer is a key measure to promote rapid decomposition of straw, accelerate the return of straw to the field, develop high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture, and produce green food and sustainable development of agriculture.
The promotion and application of enzyme bacteria technology will effectively improve soil structure. The enzyme fungus fertilizer contains not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed for crop growth, but also medium-sized elements such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as trace elements and growth-promoting unknown factors. , can increase fertilizer utilization, but also decompose the harmful components of pesticides, change soil physicochemical properties, thereby improving the soil, fertility, the use of plots can increase the ground temperature 2 degrees -3 degrees, crops can mature earlier 5 days - 7 days . At the same time, the enzyme bacteria can form beneficial microbial population advantages in the soil and inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, which can significantly reduce crop pests and diseases and crop replantation caused by harmful microorganisms.
Enzyme bacteria technology has been hailed as the second technological revolution in agriculture. The first revolutionary advantage over applying chemical fertilizers lies in improving soil and fertility, realizing sustainable agricultural development, and producing high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency green foods.
Part II: Enzymes and Agricultural Enzymes Technology and Ecological Agriculture In the wave of agricultural development, the issue of “ecology” is a hot topic from theory to practice, from policy to implementation, from planting to production, but it really concerns Eco-agricultural operators and managers are all concerned with market demand and business direction. Numerous experiences have proven that agricultural products can only enter the international market and our high-efficiency agriculture will have a future. To achieve this goal, solving the hazards of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is the key. Only by fully implementing ecological agriculture can agriculture be sustainable in the 21st century. The only way to develop.
The production of agricultural microorganisms and the treatment of pests and diseases with microorganisms are both the "second revolution" of agricultural technology and the major means of solving the problem of heavy pollution in agriculture. Many vegetables and fruits have already relied on biotechnology to solve the pollution-free total, go abroad and create foreign exchange.
Japan's island enzyme microbial agriculture technology has been developed for 70 years. At present, in Japan, 1/3 of the planting industry, 50% of the waste processing industry, and 70% of South Korea's agricultural production adopt this technology. Currently, it has grown to 23 countries and regions. Since its introduction in 1994, China has promoted its use in more than 20 provinces including Shandong and Hebei. The three series of bio-organic fertilizers, top-dressing fertilizers and foliar fertilizers fermented by enzymes have fundamentally reduced the amount of chemical fertilizers. This comprehensive technology has low cost, high fertilizer efficiency, average production increase of more than 30%, lower overall cost of more than 10%, comprehensive prevention of various pests and diseases, and reduction of various pesticide dosages. To improve the quality of agricultural products, chemical substances and pesticide residues to a minimum, to achieve pollution-free requirements, the current technology has formed a large-scale and widely used, we have reason to believe that enzyme bacteria together with other microbial technology, will certainly be able to ecological agriculture Push to a new higher stage.
Enzyme Bacteria Technology and Ecological Agriculture In the wave of agricultural development, the issue of “ecology” is a hot topic from theory to practice, from policy to implementation, from planting to production, but operators and managers who really care about ecological agriculture. Both are due to concerns about market demand and business direction. Numerous experiences have proven that agricultural products can only enter the international market and our high-efficiency agriculture will have a future. To achieve this goal, solving the hazards of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is the key. Only by fully implementing ecological agriculture can agriculture be sustainable in the 21st century. The only way to develop.
The production of agricultural microorganisms and the treatment of pests and diseases with microorganisms are both the "second revolution" of agricultural technology and the major means of solving the problem of heavy pollution in agriculture. Many vegetables and fruits have already relied on biotechnology to solve the pollution-free total, go abroad and create foreign exchange.
Japan's island enzyme microbial agriculture technology has been developed for 70 years. At present, in Japan, 1/3 of the planting industry, 50% of the waste processing industry, and 70% of South Korea's agricultural production adopt this technology. Currently, it has grown to 23 countries and regions. Since its introduction in 1994, China has promoted its use in more than 20 provinces including Shandong and Hebei. The three series of bio-organic fertilizers, top-dressing fertilizers and foliar fertilizers fermented by enzymes have fundamentally reduced the amount of chemical fertilizers. This comprehensive technology has low cost, high fertilizer efficiency, average production increase of more than 30%, lower overall cost of more than 10%, comprehensive prevention of various pests and diseases, and reduction of various pesticide dosages. To improve the quality of agricultural products, chemical substances and pesticide residues to a minimum, to achieve pollution-free requirements, the current technology has formed a large-scale and widely used, we have reason to believe that enzyme bacteria together with other microbial technology, will certainly be able to ecological agriculture Push to a new higher stage.
Development of Microbial Fertilizers Before the 1990s, microbial fertilizers were basically pure microbial preparations (microbial fertilizers, microbial inoculants, bacterial fertilizers, bacterial fertilizers, composite microbial fertilizers, composite microbial fertilizers, biological fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers, microorganisms) Infertility does not make a strict distinction for the time being, all refer to the same meaning and can substitute for each other. In fact, there are differences, and it is hereby stated that the microbial inoculant, which is often said, is only used as a seed dressing agent and its application range is relatively narrow and cannot be used. Come on as a fertilizer. With the advancement of science and technology in the field of microbiology, agricultural scientists in various countries generally believe that fertilizer should be developed in the direction of high efficiency and compounding, that is, a new type of biological fertilizer should be sought. Not only nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements should be used in combination, but also chemical fertilizers. , Microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined to play an overall advantage, in order to establish a healthy farmland ecological cycle system and crop nutrient comprehensive system, make full use of the soil potential, to achieve the best effect of crops increase production and income.
In summing up the advanced achievements of the development of microbiological fertilizers in China for several decades, since 1997, our company has adopted an internationally leading level of enzyme bacteria technology, and after repeated research and demonstration, we have developed and produced the advanced level of microbiological fertilizers in China. Microbial microbial fertilizers, in addition to containing high-efficiency nitrogen fixation, phosphate solution, and potassium-releasing active microorganisms, are also rich in organic matter and trace elements. It not only has the advantages of no pollution, no pollution, long-lasting fertilizer effect, seedling resistance, soil improvement, yield increase, and crop quality improvement, but also overcomes the disadvantages of large-scale use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, environmental pollution, and ecological damage.
It can be said that the nineties marked a new starting point for the development of microbiological fertilizers.
History of Biofertilizer Development
1 、国际情况多年来，化学肥料的施用对农业增产增收起到了关键作用，然而，由于长期施用化学肥料，有机肥不足，各类养份比例失调，致使农田生态环境、土壤理化性状和土壤微生物区系受到了不同程度的破坏，而且还影响了农产品的品质。化学肥料污染已成为当今世界一大公害。
为保护生态环境和农田土壤，1972年国际上成立了国际有机农业运动联盟，以促进生态系统中生物循环，达到保持和增强土壤长期肥力及其生物活性的目的。
目前，全球范围内对有机农业在保护环境和资源、消除常规农业的负面影响，促进农业可持续发展方面取得了一致的认识。
美国、欧盟、日本、澳大利亚等发达国家都开始对化学农药及化肥的使用进行更加严格的管理，以促进有机农业的发展。
据了解，目前美国已有8%的农场成为不用化肥和农药的有机农场。瑞典、芬兰与瑞士，已有10%的耕地获得了有机农业证书。不少政府对本国的生态农业和生态食品的发展实行了补贴政策。
2 、国内情况我国在农业和食品行业取得了巨大成就的同时，也付出了惨重的代价：全国2/3以上的山区和农林、农牧区生态环境脆弱，普遍存在严重的生态破坏，水土流失面积占国土面积的38%，生物多样性丧失，农业灾害趋于频繁。
90年代受灾面积已相当于50年代的273% 。为改变这种状况，我国政府倡导并加快了实施生态农业计划，按生态学原理建立和发展农业体系，形成生态上和经济上的良性循环，从而实现农业的可持续发展。
我国从50年代开始进行微生物肥料的研究和应用，近十年来，受到国家有关部门的重视，得到快速的发展国务院关于开发绿色食品的文件指出："开发绿色食品( 无污染食品) 对于保护生态环境，提高农产品质量，促进食品工业发展，增进人体健康，增加农产品出口创汇都具有现实意义和深远影响"。并指出，农产品品质提高和产量的增加，主要依靠包括生物肥料在内的高新技术的支持，特别是生物肥料的推广应用农业部于1990年召开了绿色食品工作会议，以推动无公害健康食品的开发生产。
1990年国家科委将微生物肥料, （"菌肥"有"微生物肥料"、"微生物菌肥"、"细菌肥料"、"复合微生物菌肥"、"复合微生物肥料"、"生物有机肥"、"小肥"等各种名称，它们之间实际上有区别）。 的应用列入国家成果重点推广计划，进一步推动了我国微生物肥料生产的发展。
1990年，经原国务院李鹏总理同意，我国专门设立了"非豆科作物固氮研究"总理基金项目。国家计委、经贸委在《当前国家重点鼓励的产业、产品和技术目录》中，将生物肥料作为农业高新技术产品予以大力扶持。专家们将生物肥料作为促进生态农业发展的重要技术之一向全国各地推广。
北京市政府已下文从2000年5月1日起，用二年的时间建成"北京食用农产品安全生产体系"，并颁布了"北京市食用农产品安全生产暂行标准"，分别对农产品生产的环境质量、农产品生产投入品、及食用农产品建立了严格质量标准，禁用了一大批化学农药，对化肥的投入量也进行了严格限制。
全国各省市也闻风而动，纷纷制定了自己的标准并启动无公害蔬菜工程，从而大大加快了我国生态农业的进程。
近年来涌现出如"磐丰酵素菌"等一批质量优良、包装精美的微生物肥料新宠，受到广大城乡用户的青睐。微生物肥料以其明显的促进作物生长、增产、增收、防病、改善品质和改良土壤、保护环境的巨大优势，以及投入产出比高等特点，在这一场农业革命中担负着极其重要的角色可以预料：随着生态农业、有机农业的实施，对绿色食品的强烈呼声和巨大市场以及国家对生物肥的重点扶持，必将为生物肥料这一高新技术产品提供广阔的应用前景。
生物工程酵素菌肥酵素菌农法是日本微生物专家岛本在本世纪四十年代发展起来的一项微生物技术，是日本的一项农业高科技专利，广泛用于种植业、养殖业等领域。目前国际上已有美国、加拿大、丹麦、秘鲁、韩国、泰国等十六个国家和地区推广，并取得了极其显著的效果.
如何解决目前农业生产中诸如化肥公害、农药污染、土壤板结、地力下降等难题呢？请看酵素菌的效力。
1、改良土壤、增加地力酵素菌肥能使土壤疏松、通透性好，保水保肥，提高地温2-3℃，抗旱耐涝、增强作物的适应能力，分解土壤中的农药等有毒物质。
2、抑制病虫害、提高产量酵素菌肥能够减少病虫害的发生，减少农药的用量，用于大棚蔬菜、水果等作物的增产均在20%以上.
3、改良品质、色泽鲜艳使用酵素菌肥，能够增加农作物中氨基酸和糖的含量。用于蔬菜、水果，原味浓、口感好、色泽好；用于花卉色泽鲜艳，保鲜期长。
4、加入饲料、益处多多畜禽食用后消化能力强，粪便无臭味，增强机体的免疫能力，不易生病，肉的质量好，产仔率和产蛋率高。
5、生产绿色农产品随着人民生活水平的提高，人们越来越希望吃到无公害、无污染的绿色食品，酵素菌肥正顺应了这一要求。谁先拥有谁致富，谁先掌握谁得益。
酵素菌肥是如何发挥功效的？
所谓"菌肥"，是指应用于农业生产中，能够获得特定肥料效应的的含有特定微生物活体的制品，这种效应不仅包括了土壤、环境、及植物营养元素的供应，还包括了其所产生的代谢产物对植物的有益作用。
磐丰酵素菌肥，是国内几个知名品牌之一，其正式研制最早始于九十年代，生产应用已有近十年的历史。
一、酵素菌肥的基本原理酵素菌肥是根据根际土壤微生态学原理、植物营养生理学原理、以及现代"有机农业"的基本概念而研制出来的。土壤主要由矿物质、有机质和微生物三大部分组成，是农作物生长发育的基础，而农作物根际土壤微生态区系的微生物的活性如何及活性大小，对植物根部营养非常重要，因为土壤中的具有活性的有益微生物直接参与土壤肥力的形成和发育等一系列物理化学过程，如：土壤中物质和能量的转化、腐植质的形成和分解、养分的释放、氮素的固定等等。 However, the amount of beneficial microorganisms in pure natural conditions is not enough and the force is limited.因此，如能采用"人为方式"向土壤中增加有益微生物数量，就能够增强土壤中微生物的数量和整体活性，从而明显提高土壤的肥力。 The application of microbial fertilizer in the rhizosphere of plants can greatly increase the quantity and activity of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil and promote the enhancement of soil fertility.这就是施用酵素菌肥可以提高土壤肥力的科学原理。
Second, the mechanism of action
1. Produce biological hormones to stimulate crop growth.酵素菌肥中的微生物，无论在其发酵过程（所谓"发酵"，实际上可形象地理解为微生物的自身繁殖过程），还是在土壤内的生命活动过程中，均会产生大量的赤霉素和细胞激素类等物质，这些物质在与植物根系接触后，能调节作物的新陈代谢，刺激作物的生长，从而使作物产生增产效果。
2、大量有益菌能"以正压邪"，减轻病害。酵素菌肥中的微生物在植物根部大量生长、繁殖，从而形成优势菌群，优势菌群形成局部优势，这样就能抑制和减少病原菌的入侵和繁殖机会，起到了减轻作物病害的功效。
3, beneficial bacteria stimulate organic matter to release nutrients. After a large amount of organic matter is activated by beneficial microorganisms, it can continuously release the nutrients needed for plant growth to achieve long-lasting fertilizer effects.
4, can loose soil fertilizer, improve the environment. Rich organic matter can also improve soil physical properties and improve soil aggregate structure, thus loosening the soil and reducing soil compaction, which is conducive to water conservation, fertilizer conservation, aeration, and promotion of root development, and provide suitable micro-ecological growth environment for crops.
磐丰酵素菌肥简介磐丰酵素菌肥，采用日本、新西兰酵素菌农业生物工程技术，高效酵素菌菌种和国际先进的菌肥生产工艺，在合理配方的基础上，经过现代化工业发酵，加工干燥精致而成。酵素肥中含有丰富的有机质、腐殖酸，氨基酸和大量的活菌具有很强的发酵分解能力，含有作物生长必要的氮、磷、钾养分和多种中微量元素，并且个别品种添加缓释剂，使养分均匀释放，延长肥效。
三大产品特点：
1、 有机肥、无机肥、生物肥"三肥结合"。实现了多种营养元素的配合与肥效的急缓相济，这种肥料养分全面，肥效均衡，持久，其中有益菌还可以使有机肥，化肥尽快降解转化为土壤养分。能提高化肥利用率。
2、 长效、速效、增效"三效结合"。它具有有机肥料的"稳"，化学肥料的"快"，生物肥料的"促"等特点，肥效奇特。
3、 酵母菌、放线菌和有益细菌"三菌结合"。该肥采用菌肥发酵新工艺，肥料中有效活菌数极高，能快速分解土壤中各种动植物残体，又能分解残留农药，化肥等化学成分及难溶矿物质，有益微生物还能抑制土壤中的病原菌，溶解土壤中被固化的营养成分，迅速改善土壤的理化性状，有效地抑制病虫害的发生，降低化肥，农药对土壤和农产品的污染，达到高产，优质，无公害的目的，是生产绿色农产品的理想肥料。
五大功效
1、 增产、增收、促长、提高产量10-30%
2、 提高品质，高产早熟，提高糖度1-2度，提高地温1-3℃。
3、 改土肥地，保水保肥，形成土壤团粒结构，改良土壤理化性状。
4、 抗寒、抗旱、抗病、抗逆、克服瓜菜重茬病抑制根结线虫的发生。
5、 提高化肥利用率30-40%，降解化肥农药、重金属之残留酵素菌肥的施用方法根据多年酵素菌肥的试验及应用体会，参考有关资料，将酵素菌肥的施用，归纳为以下七种方法。
1.分类施取材方便，制法简单的酵素菌发酵秸秆堆肥(以下简称堆肥)和土曲子(又叫普通粒状肥，以下简称普粒)用于大田作物、果树、蔬菜做基肥。高级粒状肥(简称高粒)、磷酸粒状肥(简称磷粒)属于高效精肥，用做果树、蔬菜基肥，也可做追肥。堆肥亩用量500-1000公斤；粒状肥每亩100-200公斤。液体酵素菌肥(天惠绿肥)用于蔬菜，定植时结合灌水将肥液施入，追肥时稀释80-100倍。叶面喷肥(又叫黑沙糖农药)稀释100倍液喷洒叶面。
施用堆肥和各种粒状肥时，要注意随运随用，严防日晒和风干。喷洒叶面肥时间，露地和大棚施用，一般选择晴好天气，尽量避免雨天或降雨前后。露地栽培，阴天也可，从早到晚在夜露出现之前结束。但要避开中午高温，一般在上午10时以前和午后2时之后。
大棚蔬菜喷洒时间，低温季节，宜在白天作业，日落前2个小时结束。
2.配合施为了提高肥效，可将几种酵素菌肥配合使用。如水、旱田施用堆肥+土曲子做底肥；果、蔬类施用堆肥+高粒+磷粒+土曲子做基肥。蔬菜定植时随着栽苗，口施天惠绿肥，促进生根缓苗。生育期中喷洒叶面肥，促进生长发育。
3.混合施除天惠绿肥和叶面喷肥外，做基肥用的酵素菌发酵堆肥和多种粒状肥，施用前先要混合。施用时再和土壤混合，使之尽量减少与种苗接触机会，避免发生肥害。尤其是磷酸粒状肥烧性大，施用时更应注意。
4.对症施根据需要施用。如水果、蔬菜和水稻育苗时为了壮苗，营养土要加进1％-2％的土曲子；连作大棚蔬菜施用土曲子可减轻病害；苗期(播种、栽苗、插条后)灌施长根用天惠、绿肥；开花、结果期灌施长果的天惠绿肥。
叶面喷施BYM酵素液有改善作物品质防治病虫的效果。它能产生多种活性糖、有机酸、维生素和酶，喷洒后被叶面直接吸收，参与代谢，能增强作物的抗病性、抗寒性，改善产品质量。
由于干旱或因植株老化根系吸水吸肥能力减弱，地面追肥往往效果不好，喷洒叶面肥，可收到立竿见影的效果。BYM酵素液和多种配料混用产生多种效果。如BYM酵素液＋米醋＋酒精，可控制稻瘟病，防治黄瓜霜霉病，对果菜类可壮苗，改善品质，提高含糖量。BYM酵素液＋尿素，可加速叶菜类生长，使果、菜类多坐果、坐好果。BYM酵素液＋钙(石灰)，可防治西红柿、青椒烂蒂把，大白菜烂芯和瓜菜类落花落果。
BYM酵素液+米醋+水+磷酸一钙+硫酸钙喷洒植株，使植株健壮，叶片蜡质层增厚，浮尘子、二化螟、蚜虫等害虫的口器不能插入，从而达到减轻虫害的目的。
5.连续施连续施用酵素菌类肥料能壮大土壤中酵素菌有益微生物群体，改善土壤结构，提高土壤肥力，以满足作物生长发育的需要。
果树重点秋施磷酸粒状肥，春施高级粒状肥。大田作物和蔬菜分别在播种(育苗、定植)，生育中期、后期，根据需要，采取不同方式，多次施用不同种类酵素菌肥。在一块地上也应连年施用，才能表现出改土增肥效果。去日本考察的同志看到，多年施用酵素菌肥的土壤松软得能插进手去，变成我们常说的"海绵田"。
6. 覆盖施施用酵素菌肥再覆益地膜，比裸地栽培增产效果更高。玉米地膜覆盖施用酵素菌肥试验结果表明，施用堆肥+两粒和堆肥+尿素两个覆膜处理，分别比裸地增产36.0％、18.9％。地膜覆盖土壤水、肥、气、热协调，发挥了酵素菌肥最大增产效应。
7.兼用施酵素菌发酵秸秆可做肥料，其发酵热还可用来育苗(做苗床垫底)，床上温度稳定30℃-40℃长达30天。在大棚里搞堆肥，放出二氧化碳，增加空气中二氧化碳浓度，又是很好的"气肥"。
独特的酵素菌生物肥酵素菌肥与传统肥料在肥料制作工艺、养分构成、作用机理上都有本质的区别。
首先，酵素菌肥是采用发酵新工艺把酵母菌、丝状菌、有益菌"三菌结合" 菌种群体加工而成的肥料，所以肥料本身就含有大量有效活菌，施入土壤中就能作为养分被作物吸收，不会在地里形成残留物。同时，有益活菌在土壤中大量繁殖，又快速分解土壤中各种动、植物残体，溶解土壤中被固定的元素，达到解钾、释磷、固氮的目的，使土壤得到迅速改良，不会像化学肥料那样引起土地的板结。其次，酵素菌肥中大量的活菌群体进入土壤中后，定植于作物根际中生长发育，使作物根部迅速生长、深扎，这种高效功能是其它肥料所没有的，在瘦瘠地或者板结地、病虫害严重的土地，施用这种生物肥，效果更为明显。
市面上销售的任何一种肥料，不论是单一的高效氮、磷、钾化学肥料，或者二元（氮钾）、 三元（氮、磷、钾）复合肥料，都不能与之媲美。元素单一的化学肥料，养分含量虽高，肥效虽速，但没有酵素菌肥料的多元结合，具有肥效又快速、又全面、又持久的功能；各种复合肥料虽有多元素的组合，但它没有酵素菌肥料所含有的大量有机质和有效微生物群体，没有能迅速改良土壤，使作物迅速长根和生长的功能第三篇：酵素菌与农业的其它应用酵素菌农作物秸秆堆肥制作技术素菌秸秆堆肥是用酵素菌堆制发酵的农作物秸秆，由微生物产生多种酶，促进有机物水解，使发酵物分解转化为可供植物生长的营养物质的有机肥料。多年大田作物试验结果表明：如果每667平方米地还田秸秆400公斤左右，1年可使土壤有机质增加0.01%～0.1%，且可增加碱解氨、速效磷和速效钾，使产量增加0.5%以上。尤其是有效地改善土壤理化性状，增强土壤的通透性和保水保肥能力，并且减少化肥用量，是发展无公害农产品生产的最佳肥料。
一、材料准备每1000公斤作物秸秆需要酵素菌1公斤～2公斤，尿素5公斤（可用10%的人粪尿、鸡粪或是30%土杂肥代替），麦麸5公斤，过磷酸钙5公斤。
二、材料处理玉米秸、高粱秸最好铡成20～30厘米的小段（如堆制时间长可整条秸秆堆沤），矮秸秆作物如麦秆、豆秆等可以不铡段。
三、堆制要点："吃饱、喝足、盖严"。所谓"吃饱"是指秸秆和调节碳氮比的尿素或土杂肥及麦麸要按所需求的量加足，以保证堆肥质量。"喝足"就是秸秆必须被水浸透，加足水是堆肥的关键。"盏严"就是成堆后用泥土密封，可起到保温保水作用。堆制10～15天可翻堆1次并酌情补水，加速成肥过程。如不进行翻堆，要在中央竖数把秸秆束，便于透气，满足好气性微生物活动。
四、堆制方法（一）集中堆制
1.选择背风向阳的地方建堆，以利增温。
2.堆制场地四周起土埂30厘米，堆底要求平而实，以防跑水。
3.将已湿透的秸秆撒于堆处，堆集高60厘米时浇足水，料面先撒尿素、磷肥总量的2/10，再加少量水溶解，然后撒扩大菌和麦麸混合总量的2/10，再撤秸秆高60厘米，按上述方法分别撒化肥和麦麸扩大菌的4/10，上面再撒秸秆30～40厘米厚及其余的化肥和菌，最后用泥封存1.5～2厘米。要求堆宽1.5米～2米，高1.5米～1.6米，长度不限。分3.4层堆沤。稻秆、麦秆、豆秆纤维长的材料不可踩实，玉米秆应适当踩实，但不可太实，否则影响发酵。
（二）深埋堆沤在果园行间挖宽50～60厘米，深1米的条沟，在沟内按上述堆制方法进行堆沤，成肥可直接供果树利用。
（三）温室底施在室内挖深1米，宽40～50厘米的定植沟，在沟内撒30～40厘米秸秆进行堆制，堆制方法同上。最上面盖足土施肥后直接定植。秸秆应铡成20～30厘米的小段。
五、堆肥检验标准成肥颜色以黄褐色最佳，无气味或有点霉味和发酵味最优，纤维变脆，轻压便碎。
六、酵素菌秸秆堆肥的优点
1. 含有多种有益微生物和多种酶；2.有机质含量高，氮磷、钾三元素含量均衡；3.堆肥过程中可杀死部分病原菌及虫卵和草籽；4.促使作物提高产量，改善品质，抗病虫害；5.无毒、无污染，能分解化学农药的残留物质及毒素。
稻壳育苗以往要想育出水稻的旱育壮秧来，就得选用肥沃的耕层土壤作为育秧床土。据测算，种植1亩水稻，每年需要育秧床土150公斤。怎样才能更好地在不破坏农田土壤资源的情况下，解决好育苗床土的难题呢？磐丰公司科技人员，利用酵素菌生物技术发酵稻壳制造有机肥，通过与粉碎后的稻壳进行合理搭配，人工模拟土壤，进行水稻育秧，达到了水、肥

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