Detailed and efficient planting techniques for greenhouse vegetables
Nowadays, with the continuous development of agricultural technology, greenhouse vegetable cultivation is becoming more and more common. But if you want important greenhouse vegetables, you must understand the greenhouse vegetables and their scientific and reasonable cultivation methods.
First, the definition of greenhouse vegetables
Greenhouse vegetables are planting techniques that use plastic film to cover the frame. They can artificially control the environment for the growth of suitable vegetables such as temperature and moisture, adjust the growing season of vegetables, and let people eat off-season vegetables, which has good heat preservation. At the same time, it promotes high yield of vegetables, meets market demand, and increases the economic benefits of vegetable farmers, which is deeply loved by people.
Second, the method of rational planting
1, build a greenhouse
To build a greenhouse, you should choose a place where the sun is sheltered from the wind, the drainage is good, the soil is fertile, and the upper and lower vents are selected according to the season and the wind direction, which is conducive to the cultivation of high-quality vegetables. Choose a reasonable shed-type structure, and use bamboo, cement, plastic structure to build a large-scale scaffolding. Because plastic film is plastic, easy to stretch and low in price, it is widely used in agricultural planting. The steel frame-covered plastic film is currently the most widely used one. Therefore, the selection of plastic film with light weight, good light transmission and good heat preservation has become a first choice for agricultural growers. The straw quilt made of straw is a good night and winter insulation material. When the temperature is lowered, it is covered on the plastic film, which can provide good insulation effect. Pay attention to the quality of the greenhouse during construction, avoid heavy rain and blizzard weather, collapse the greenhouse, prevent the storm from blowing plastic film, damage the vegetable seedlings, avoid hail damage to the dishes, cause vegetable loss and even casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to build a high-quality greenhouse.
2, choose vegetable varieties
The difference in vegetable varieties directly affects the level of yield and quality, so this has a close relationship with the selection of disease-resistant varieties and pollution-free cultivation. Plants with strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, abundant yields and good varieties should be selected according to local conditions, so as to reduce the use rate of pesticides, reduce pesticide residues and achieve green vegetable production. At the same time, in order to give full play to the economic benefits brought by greenhouse cultivation technology, anti-season vegetables can be selected according to market conditions to supply demand in the off-season market. Make full use of the greenhouse, choose to grow the vegetables according to the growing season of the vegetables, and arrange the rotation order and variety characteristics of the vegetables in the appropriate temperature season to ensure high yield and high quality. For example, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables can be planted all the year round. In the autumn, vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish and mustard are grown, and in winter, seedlings are cultivated.
3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
Choosing a vegetable production base with no pollution and suitable environment is the basic requirement for the growth of pollution-free vegetables. Select the disease-resistant varieties suitable for local planting, and carry out micro-tests on the soil before planting. The soil may contain some nematodes, eggs, germs, etc., and it is necessary to prevent and control after the test. Due to the special environmental impact in the greenhouse, there may be “pest†phenomena throughout the year. In order to cultivate high-quality and pollution-free green vegetables, it is necessary to use pesticides scientifically and effectively, or to control pests and diseases by various methods such as physics, biology and ecology.
4. Reasonably provide water and fertilizer
The nutrition of greenhouse vegetable growth is very important, and irrigation and fertilization should work together. In order to avoid the soil nutrients being washed away by water, plus the acid-base imbalance in the soil in the shed, the principle of a small number of times should be followed when fertilizing, and the large-area irrigation method should be used as little as possible. Fertilization is mainly based on animal manure organic fertilizer and other multi-component fertilizers. Appropriate carbon dioxide fertilization helps to improve the photosynthesis of vegetable seedlings. It is also possible to adjust the temperature of the greenhouse and use the fertilizer to a limited extent to achieve the purpose of cultivating organic pollution-free vegetables.
Third, efficient cultivation techniques
1. Scientific management
In order to improve the cold resistance of vegetables, the seeds are subjected to low temperature treatment before planting, sowing in time, and breeding excellent vegetable seedling varieties. Choose fertile areas, do land management according to vegetable needs: avoid high temperature effects, pay attention to greenhouse ventilation, adjust temperature to achieve air convection, prevent toxic gas from affecting dishes: use drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation equipment, and drip irrigation under film The technology makes the water-saving irrigation scientific and the irrigation purpose optimized: paying attention to spraying the leaves according to the season, the water evaporation in summer is very large, and the water shortage in the leaves is curled. The spraying is to prevent the water shortage of the leaves and cauliflower and promote pollination.
2, scientific planting
Soilless cultivation adopts water planting method and nutrient solution planting method. The planting method is healthy and environmentally friendly. The vegetables grown are high in quality, high in nutritive value and low in cost, so they are widely promoted. Softening cultivation is in the growth of vegetables. After the time, set the interior of the greenhouse to a semi-black or dark environment, pay attention to the humidness of the environment. The vegetables grown in this way have the highest nutritional value: the anti-season cultivation is to plant shade-tolerant vegetables in the summer, pay attention to the use of black shading and depending on the nature of the soil and The real needs of nursery are to add the right amount of mixture and organic fertilizer.
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