Cultivation Techniques of Thick Skin Melon in Early Spring in Greenhouse

In recent years, with the continuous adjustment of the agricultural industry structure, the planting area of ​​melons and vegetables has expanded rapidly. The author summarizes the high-efficiency cultivation model of the local greenhouse in early spring thick-skinned melon and Qiuyan pepper, which has become the rural planting structure in the eastern Guanzhong region. An important mode in the adjustment. The spring stubble was planted and planted in late January, planted in early March, harvested in early June, and the output value of 667m² was about 6,000 yuan. The pepper planted in the greenhouse in autumn in late June, planted in early August, and harvested 1-2 batches of pepper , 667m² income is about 5000 yuan.

1 High-efficiency cultivation techniques of thick skinned melon in spring

1.1 Preliminary preparation

1.1.1 Greenhouse construction The greenhouse is built on the flat terrain and fertile soil, with steel pipe as the skeleton and bamboo pole as the auxiliary material, with a span of 5.2m. It was built before the end of February, covering the greenhouse film to increase the temperature and moisture.

1.1.2 Variety selection Qin Mibao, a new early-mature hybrid thick-skinned melon variety suitable for local cultivation. The variety has a full growth period of 90-95 days (days), strong plant growth potential, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance and stress resistance, single fruit quality of 4-6 kg, orange-red flesh, juicy and delicious, and excellent taste.

1.2 Cultivate strong seedlings

1.2.1 Seedbed is prepared to set up a seedbed in the greenhouse. The ground should be level, 1.2-1.5m wide, and the length depends on the amount of seedlings raised. Lay a heat insulation layer, lay out the electric heating wire, and use substrate plug tray to raise seedlings.

1.2.2 Seed soaking and germination After mixing thick-skinned melon seeds in 55 ° C warm water for 15 min (minutes), soak them at room temperature for 6 h (hours), remove them, and place them in a 28-30 ° C environment for heat preservation and germination. After sowing.

1.2.3 Timely sowing in late January or early February. Before sowing, the seedbed was energized and heated up 1d in advance, the substrate was loaded with discs, and disinfected by spraying with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution. When sowing, one seed per hole, covering about 1cm of the substrate, flatten the plastic film, and attach a small arch shed.

1.2.4 Seedbed management Before the emergence of seedlings, heating measures should be taken to keep the bed temperature at 30-35 ° C during the day and 20-28 ° C at night. It is not ventilated and is mainly based on heat preservation and moisture retention. Wait for about 70% of the seeds to cool down properly after emergence, keep it at 28-30 ° C during the day and 15-18 ° C at night, and pay attention to sunny day ventilation.

1.3 Land preparation, fertilization and planting

1.3.1 Apply plantar fertilizer 667m2 before winter to apply organic fertilizer 4000kg, turn over the land deeply, keep the moisture level. In late February of the following year, 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate were applied to 667m2, and then the ridge was raised. Two ridges were raised in the direction of the greenhouse, with a ridge height of 15cm and a ridge surface width of 100cm. Ten days before planting, the shed is buckled to increase temperature and keep warm.

1.3.2 Planting When the seedlings have 4 leaves and 1 heart around March 10, choose sunny planting. There are 2 rows per ridge, and 800 plants are planted at a plant spacing of 55cm and 667m². The ground temperature should be above 15 ℃ when transplanting.

1.4 Field management

1.4.1 Temperature and humidity control After planting, no wind or humidity will be released to promote slow seedlings. After slowing seedlings, attention should be paid to ventilation and cooling. The temperature during the day should be maintained at 25-30 ° C and no less than 15 ° C at night; the ventilation openings should be strengthened during the flowering period, preferably 27-30 ° C during the day and 15-18 ° C at night; during the fruit expansion period Maintain 27-30 ℃, 15-20 ℃ at night; 28-30 ℃ during the day during maturity, and no less than 15 ℃ at night; the temperature difference between day and night is 15 ℃ after fruit setting, and the temperature at night should not be too high, to prevent the plants from getting too long and affecting the sugar in the fruit Unfavorable accumulation affects quality. It is appropriate to control the relative humidity in the growth period to 50% -70%.

1.4.2 Fertilizer and water management When planting, water enough water to create a good bottom moisture. During the fruit enlargement period, more water is needed. The watering should be carried out in a continuous sunny ditch. Cantaloupe melons are very sensitive to moisture. The soil should be dry or not, but not too dry. Do not apply top dressing before sitting on the melon. When the melon grows to the top of the egg, the topping melon fertilizer is applied. For 667m², apply a ternary compound fertilizer 25-30kg or diammonium phosphate 20kg plus potassium fertilizer 20kg.

1.4.3 Artificial pollination Since there are no pollinating insects in the greenhouse, artificial assisted pollination is generally used in the flowering stage of thick-skinned melons, each plant pollinating 2-4 female flowers. Pollination is conducted from 7:00 to 10:00 on a clear day *. Pollination should be concentrated for ease of management and tidy melons, and the date of pollination should be marked to facilitate harvesting when ripe.

1.4.4 Double-vine pruning method is adopted for pruning and melon retention. When topping up 3-4 true leaves of seedlings, promote the occurrence of the following two node seat vines. After the vine grows on the vine, wipe out the vines below the vine section 5-6, and use the ancestors above 5-6 After the vines grow, the leaves of the vines are topped and the top leaves are kept. The pruning must be timely and should be carried out on a sunny day to facilitate wound healing.

1.5 Pest control

Thick-skinned melon diseases mainly include cataplexy, wilt, powdery mildew, downy mildew, etc. Insects mainly include small ground tigers, mole crickets, grubs, aphids, etc. The principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" should be adhered to throughout the growing period, and on the basis of agricultural prevention and control, chemical prevention and control should be carried out in a timely manner. Must do: First, promote the promotion of the use of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, and prohibit the use of highly toxic, high-toxic, and high-residue pesticides; Second, use scientifically standardized pesticides, pay attention to prevention methods, and correctly control the amount of drugs used. Use biological pesticides; third, strictly implement the pesticide safety interval.

1.6 Harvesting, storage and transportation

Thick-skinned melons should be harvested when they are 80% or 90% ripe. Choose high-quality melons that are disease-free, wound-free, and fruit-shaped. Keep them cool during storage and transportation, and pay attention to ventilation to reduce fruit rot.

2 Autumn stubble pepper cultivation techniques

2.1 Preliminary preparations

2.1.1 Remove the plastic film in time after harvesting the stubble of the deep-turning sundial, clean the weeds and debris, turn the field soil deep, promote microbial activation, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil; there is more rainfall in summer, and the soil can accumulate a lot of rainwater after deep turning The deeper soil water content is beneficial to the growth of the next crop. Care should be taken to prevent the loss of soil nutrients caused by the growth of weeds, which is not conducive to the growth of subsequent crops.

2.1.2 Variety selection Qiuyan pepper should select high-temperature and low-temperature resistant, weak light, disease-resistant, and early-mature varieties. The locally cultivated variety is Kangda 401.

2.2 Cultivate strong seedlings

The suitable sowing period is in late June. When the planting is too early and the planting period is catching up with the high temperature period, it is prone to virus diseases; when the planting is too late, the fruiting period is shortened, which affects the yield. The seedling age at the time of planting is about 40d. The seedlings have 5-6 true leaves, the stem thickness is about 0.3cm, the plant height is about 10cm, the leaves are large and thick, the leaves are dark green, and the roots are developed and white. Use 72-hole tray to raise seedlings, and the arch shed is covered with shading nets and insect-proof nets. Pay attention to the shade from 10:00 to 16:00 on sunny days, and cover the film in case of rain to prevent the seedlings from becoming long and "wearing".

2.3 Site preparation

2.3.1 Thoroughly turn over the field before fertilizing and planting, do a good job of soil disinfection and sterilization, apply rotted organic fertilizer 5-10m3 667m2, ternary compound fertilizer 50kg.

2.3.2 Timely planting Pepper seedlings were planted in early and mid-August, and the film was buckled on 7-10 days before planting. High-ridge double-row cultivation, ridge formation along the shed, ridge spacing 90-100cm, ridge height 20-25cm, plant spacing 30-35cm, planting seedlings on both sides of the ridge. Immediately after planting, water the seedlings slowly and soak the ridges. Do not flood the water.

2.4 Strengthen field management

2.4.1 Temperature management The temperature of the greenhouse can be controlled by adjusting the amount of ventilation and the number of ventilation. When the average outside temperature is lower than 18 ℃ and the night temperature is lower than 12 ℃, heat preservation measures should be taken. The suitable temperature of pepper during the growing period is 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-20 ℃ at night.

2.4.2 Water and fertilizer management After planting, timely pour small water 1-2 times in order to slow down the seedlings. In the early stage of growth, the temperature is high and the amount of water evaporation is large. It is necessary to dip the water frequently to keep the soil moist, which is conducive to the development of pepper fruits. Chili pepper potash fertilizer, compound fertilizer is appropriate, the door pepper can sit the first fertilizer after sitting, and strengthen the results of the top season fertilizer.

2.4.3 Prevention of plant diseases and insect pests The prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests should be given priority during the entire growth period. Diseases in local production mainly include viral diseases, cataplexy diseases, and epidemics. Insects mainly include aphids and cabbage worms. After planting, spray 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times to prevent virus diseases, and use 1000 times liquid imidacloprid or 2000 times liquid anti-aphid wettable powder to control aphids.

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