Cowpea cultivation techniques
1. Selection of disease-resistant, high-yield varieties
Such as 901, three feet green and so on. The seeds were sowed before sowing that the seeds, immature light seeds, and broken, rotten or germinated seeds were removed. Selecting seed before sowing is very important for ensuring the whole seedlings.
2. Use land with good drainage, high fertility and irrigation conditions
Implement early ploughing and deep turning to achieve fine soil preparation, with a view to improving soil water retention and fertility. The rhizobia of cowpea are not well developed, and the nitrogen fixation ability of the rhizobia is relatively weak in the early stage of plant growth. In order to promote the early growth and development, it is very important to apply enough base fertilizer. The land of good fortune is fertile, and they took 31.5 cubic meters of chicken manure per hectare, and 262.5 kg of compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium made the cowpea have sufficient nutrition in the early stage, which laid a good foundation for growth throughout the year.
3. timely sowing
When the soil is 10 centimeters deep and the soil temperature is stable above 10 DEG C., it begins to sow. The temperature in the early sowing field is low, and the seeds are easily rotted, resulting in severe lack of seedlings. Late harvesting and late harvesting are not conducive to high yields. The sowing time in Shenyang is generally in early May. If mulching is used, the sowing date can be advanced to April 15th. Then, fresh pods can be listed one week ahead of schedule. The planting spacing was 60 centimeters and 40 centimeters, and 3-4 seeds were planted for each seedling, and 3 seedlings were preserved. Paul seedling 12-15 million / hectare.
4. Plug rack
When the cowpea climbs the vines, the vines are racked and the side vines stretch to a certain length (about 50 cm) and the vines are put on the shelves again.
5. Fertilizer management
Reasonable fertilizer and water management, regulate the relationship between good nutrition growth and reproductive growth, is an important measure to ensure high yield of kidney beans. If the previous fertilizer and water is too abundant, the nutrient grows vigorously, resulting in fewer inflorescences and delayed flowering and scarring. Therefore, in the early stage, it is necessary to control the moisture as much as possible. When the flowering pods are used, the first water is poured, and the second water is poured in the middle and later stages of the inflorescence formation. After seeing soil moisture and timely irrigation, it is necessary to keep the soil moist and to control the humidity in the field so as to avoid disease. In the early stage of flowering, the situation of the field was observed, and the topdressing of urea was 75-112.5 kg/ha, and during the peak season, the urea was topped with 37.5-75 kg/ha. In the middle and late stages, the fertilizer is relatively sufficient, which allows the plants to form more lateral vine inflorescences, and allows the main inflorescence to continue to bloom. Extend the harvest period to around mid-September and later.
6. Timely harvest
Kidney beans are harvested crops, generally harvested before the seeds are swollen and harvested every 2-3 days. In the case of adequate fertilizers and robust plants, the number of pods in each inflorescence of cowpea can reach 4-6, so care should be taken not to damage the top buds when harvesting. For the production of crops, harvesting should be carried out in a timely manner in order to avoid mildew.
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