Common pests and diseases of rice in southern China and their integrated control measures
What are the common pests and diseases of rice in the southern region? Today, Xiaobian wants to learn about the characteristics and control measures of rice pests and diseases in southern China, from the characteristics of rice pests and diseases in southern China, common diseases and control measures in southern rice, common pests in southern rice and their control measures.
1. Characteristics of rice pests and diseases in southern China
The characteristics of rice pests and diseases in the southern region are mainly manifested in two aspects.
First, there are many types of pests and diseases. At present, there are more than 30 kinds of rice pests and diseases known in China, especially in the southern regions. The climate is humid and warm, which provides conditions for the occurrence and development of pests and diseases. Therefore, the types and quantities of pests and diseases are significantly more. In the northern region. The variety and quantity of pests and diseases have undoubtedly increased the difficulty of prevention and control.
Second, rice pest and disease lasts for a long time. Unlike other crops, the growth stages of rice may be affected by pests and diseases. In the paddy field in the south, rice blight, rice blast, and bacterial blight are prone to occur; in the middle of planting, rice planthoppers and thin strips will occur; in addition to rice planthoppers, rice leaf rolling will occur in the heading stage. Pests and sheath blight diseases and other pests and diseases cause rice to be damaged to varying degrees during the growth process.
2. Common diseases of rice and its control measures
Common diseases in the southern region include rice blast, rice sheath blight, and rice smut.
Among them, rice blast is commonly known as Hefa scorpion and hanging neck scorpion. It can be attacked under different conditions in different periods of rice. The pathogens mainly overwinter on diseased rice and diseased straw, and rice varieties, climatic conditions, fertilizer and water management are all rice. Risk factors for rickets, such as delayed application of nitrogen fertilizer, continuous rainy weather from the break to the heading stage for more than 3 days, large-scale planting of susceptible varieties.
In the prevention and control of rice blast, the seeds should be sterilized first, soaking seeds with 20% tricyclazole 3 g per 24 kg seeds for 24 h; before rinsing with 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 750 times for dip-dye treatment; No. 500~1 000 times of emulsifiable concentrate for spray control; spray protection can also be carried out with 75% Fengdeng WP during the breakage period of the booting stage.
Rice sheath blight is the most common disease in rice and directly affects rice yield. Under normal circumstances, rice planting density is too high, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is unreasonable is a risk factor for rice sheath blight, and if the rice soaking time is too long, it will also occur. The main symptoms of sheath blight include light brown spots on the leaves of rice, and the spots will gradually expand into cloud-like lesions; the affected area is dominated by the bottom of the leaves, and the base position is also common, which will affect the photosynthesis of rice. Thereby affecting its output. The control of sheath blight can be controlled by spray with Jinggangmycin; spray control can also be carried out using 15% grain clear.
Rice smut is a fungal disease, and hybrid rice cultivars are the most serious. The sclerotia of rice smut is overwintering in the soil, or overwintering in the granulated grain. When the conditions are suitable from July to August of the following year, the ascospores and conidia are germinated to invade the ovary, style and stigma, and then invade. The outer epidermis of young caryopsis fruit gradually spreads to the endosperm, and the yellow-green bacterium is visible in the joint of the damaged rice husk, and the whole hull is wrapped in the post-expansion, and the crack is scattered with dark green powder. The control of rice false smut can be immersed in 3% lime water or 50% carbendazim or 500 times liquid strong chlorin; in the late stage of rice booting, spray with 25% R&D emulsifiable concentrate or double jinggangmycin + 50% carbendazim Prevention and so on.
3. Common pests in rice and its control measures
Common pests of rice in the southern region include rice planthopper, rice aphid, and rice leaf roller.
In the southern region, the early rice and mid-late rice were mainly white-backed planthoppers, and the middle and late-season rice were mainly brown planthoppers. During the period from the jointing stage of rice to the end of milk application, adults and nymphs clustered in the lower part of the rice plant to absorb tissue sap. The main symptoms showed yellowing of the leaves and the inability to head; the damage during the ripening stage reduced the quality of the rice, and in the severe case, the lower part of the rice. Blackening and aggravating the occurrence of sheath blight and sclerotinia. Drug control is started every time the number of insects in the field reaches 50 or more. It can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25% chlorpyrifos WP; it can also be poured with 10% imidacloprid in large water at 600 g/hm2; it can also be sprayed with granules or toxic soil. For prevention and control, 3% carbofuran granules were sprayed into the field at a dosage of 30 to 45 kg/hm2; or diluted with 80% dichlorvos and mixed with fine soil for control.
Rice locusts are commonly known as scabs. The larvae hide in the stalks and eat the leaves. In severe cases, they can eat rice leaves, which can cause the rice ears to stick out. After heading, they damage the functional leaves of the flag leaves and the second leaves, affecting the filling and firming, and reducing the rice. 1000 pieces of quality. The control measures can be controlled by Bt emulsion or crystal trichlorfon. Pay attention to the spraying time as much as possible in the afternoon or cloudy days, and spray once in the rice break period and the heading stage.
The rice leaf roller is a Lepidoptera, a genus of the genus Corydalis, with rice as the main host, and occasionally a small sugar cane and other crops. The larvae sewed a single sheet of rice into a worm, which was concealed in the leaf. The leaves only left a layer of epidermis, which could form white streaks, which led to a reduction in rice yield. Generally, rice varieties with short stalks, broad leaves, and green leaves are prone to occur, and deep irrigation and delayed application of nitrogen fertilizer will also strengthen the damage. In daily management, we should closely observe and strengthen inspections. On average, 15 to 20 insects should be applied. Spray control can be carried out by using 18% insecticidal double water agent or crystal trichlorfon; it can also be controlled by using sharpen, chlorpyrifos, avermectin, Bt compounding agent and the like.
4. Comprehensive control measures
In addition to the above-mentioned strengthening prevention and control for different pests and diseases, we must also pay attention to the use of comprehensive prevention and control measures. First, agricultural control measures. In the selection of seeds, the varieties with strong disease resistance and strong insect resistance are preferred, and the early, middle and late varieties are properly matched and planted; the diseased straw is completely eliminated, and the summer cultivation is eliminated. If the conditions permit, the trapping field can be set, that is, the pests will induce at least the rice fields to carry out centralized spraying control.
Second, biological control technology. The biggest advantage of biological control technology is that it will not pollute the environment. It mainly uses the regulation of the natural environment to control pests and diseases. For example, the feeding of ducks in rice fields can prey on insects such as rice planthoppers and aphids to reduce the number of insects; and under the action of the duck biosphere, the negative effects of sheath blight and aquatic weeds on rice production will be greatly reduced. In addition, Bacillus subtilis has a significant effect on the treatment of acute leafhoppers or nurseries, so Bacillus subtilis can be used to prevent rice blast.
Finally, strengthen the propaganda and prediction of pests and diseases. The agricultural sector should strengthen the publicity and education of rice pest control technology, and strengthen the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases through various forms such as television, internet, newspapers and smart mobile terminals, so that farmers are aware of the harmfulness of pests and diseases, and master the prevention and control technologies of pests and diseases. To achieve the management objectives of comprehensive prevention and control of rice pests and diseases. At the same time, in order to thoroughly understand and master the situation of rice pests and diseases, the agricultural department should conscientiously do a good job in research on pests and diseases, prepare to grasp the occurrence of pests and diseases, accurately predict the occurrence of pests and diseases, and guide farmers to take preventive and control measures, thus effectively reducing The damage caused by pests and diseases.
Viral Transport Empty Tube/Cryo Tube/Cryovial Transport Tube, Cryo Tube, Cryovial, Transport Empty Tube, Cryotube, Cryovial
Transport Tube,Cryo Tube,Transport Empty Tube,Cryotube
Luck Medical Consumables Co.,LIMITED , https://www.luckmedical.com