Beech

Eucalyptus (alias blood stasis, gold silk worm, sand eucalyptus tree, hairy miracidium, etc.), also known as big leaf lice, is a arbor species of the genus Polygonaceae and belongs to the national second class key protected plant. In China, it is widely distributed, grows quickly, and is of excellent material quality. It is a valuable hard-leaved species. It has a broad canopy, a beautiful tree shape, a rich leaf color, and fewer pests and diseases. It is also an important garden landscape tree species. Therefore, people are more and more interested in afforestation, landscape configuration, and biodiversity conservation. Eucalyptus is a special precious timber tree species, and its material is hard, the material color is bright, the pattern on the arc surface is beautiful, the paint performance is excellent, the resistance to water and moisture, the use of a wide range of advantages and other advantages become a long-term tight material in the market. The eucalyptus seedling technology is introduced below:

I. Introduction to tree species

Eucalyptus is a genus of Zelkova Spach. There are 6 species of eucalyptus in Asia and 4 species in China.

(1) Z. schneideriana Hand-Mazz., with large leaves and rough surface. Leaf margins are sharply cuspidate, abaxially densely pilose, 1a twigs densely pilose, suitable for timber and ornamental.

(2) Z. serrate (Thunb.) Makino], the back of the leaf is smooth, the leaf edge is blunt-saw, the branchlets are glabrous, suitable for timber and ornamental.

(3) Z. sinica Schneider, which has small leaves, large nuts, and large fruit pods, suitable for ornamental and timber use.

(4) Z.formosana Hayata, suitable for timber and ornamental purposes. In the same tree species, many varieties, variants, and varieties are also produced due to natural variations and artificial selection. For example, there are 2 variants and 1 variant and 5 varieties[3-6]. They are: Z. serrata var. pendula Makino, branches drooping for ornamental purposes, and Z. serrata vartsuki Makino with less brown wood, more blue, and poor wood processing. Z. serrata formastiplacea Hayashi, stipules on leaves, soft hairs on veins and petioles. Qufu, 5m tall, curved branches and trunks, large changes in tree shape, precious garden ornamental species; spotted leafhoppers, white patches on leaves, later birth, used for potted viewing; red buds, spring buds red, For potted plants; green buds, green shoots for potted plants; gossip, short trunks, strong buds, branches, for potted plants.

Second, nursery

(I) Sowing and raising seedlings

1. Seed collection: Seeds should be collected from strong trees that are more than 30 years old, have more than enough seeds and are full of grain. Specific collection time should also be based on different purposes of use. If used as a timber forest, species should be collected from trees with compact trees, tall trees, straight stems, tall branches, strong growth, and no pests and diseases; Seeds are planted on long-leaved mother trees; as potted ornamental plants, trees are planted from trees with short trees and exotic organs. The seed collection time is when the fruit turns from green to brown in the middle or late October. Seed collection methods are mostly collected on the ground using natural shedding or pruning methods. After the seeds are collected, they must first be removed from the foliage and other debris, and then be allowed to dry naturally in a ventilated, dry place for 2 to 3 days before re-election. The water content must be dried to below 13% before storage of seeds. Drying methods include: natural drying in the room for 5 to 8 days; drying with a desiccant such as zeolite for 3 days; and treating with an air dryer at 60°C for 8 hours. Three methods are optional. Eucalypts have the phenomena of age and size. When the seed was sown the following year, the seed germination rate was high. If the seeds are sown on the 3a, the water content should be reduced to below 13%, stored at room temperature for 10 to 20 days, and stored at a low temperature of 1 to 3°C.

. Seeding method: 1 nursery selection should be selected in the deep fertile sandy loam or light loam. 2 After the deep-turning of the bed-building nursery, the cake-fertilizer was 2000 to 2500 kg/hm2. After the flattening and smoothing, the 120-cm seedbed was built. 3 Seeding sowing autumn, winter and spring sowing 3 kinds. Autumn sowing is accompanied by sowing, with germination in late spring and early March in Hunchun. Seed germination rate and emergence rate are high. Seedlings grow for a long period, but they are vulnerable to birds and animals. Spring sowing should be planted from “rainwater” to “shocking”, and no later than late March. Sowing amount 150 ~ 200kg/hm2. Drilling distance 20cm, covering the thickness of 0 5cm, cover grass, keep the seedbed moist soil. In order to increase the germination rate and the emergence rate, the seeds need to be treated, and one or more of the following methods are often used.

(1) Seed Soaking: Seeds of dried seeds are immersed in water for 2 to 3 days to remove 30% to 50% of the floating particles, and the seeds are removed and dried for use. This will not only allow the seeds to absorb enough water to increase the seed germination rate and germination potential, but also to reduce the germs of the astringent or easy to rotten in the soil.

(2) Seed Disinfection: Use 05% potassium permanganate or 1% bleach for 30 minutes.

(3) Germination: After soaking in warm water for 4 days, the seeds were placed at 4-8°C for 10 days.

(4) Low-temperature stratification treatment: In the winter, one layer of seeds is layered with a layer of wet sand in the indoor area to keep the sand moist. The low-temperature lamination time is at least 30 d or more, preferably more than 60 d, so that seeding can be performed even at a temperature of 10 to 30°C.

3. Seedling management: After sowing, 25-30 days, the seed germination and unearthing should be prevented. After the emergence of seedlings, they must promptly uncover their seedlings. Seedling stage and time seedlings, weeding and weeding and irrigation top dressing. During the seedling stage, weeding is conducted 3 to 5 times a year. After each weeding, the topdressing is performed once. The last time fertilization can be carried out in August. Eucalyptus seedlings have a phenomenon of childbirth and should be repaired in time. The peak period of seedling growth is from July to late September. If seeding is timely, the management of seedlings is good. The seedling height can reach 70-120 cm, the ground diameter is 0-8 to 14 cm, and the seedling production is 220,000-300,000 plants/hm2. It can be planted afforestation that year. Landscaping should cultivate 3 to 4 years old seedlings. The roots of eucalyptus seedlings are fine and tough, and they should not be broken when lifting.

(B) Cuttings and Seedlings

1. Hardwood cuttings: The age of cuttings is positively related to the survival rate of cuttings. The thick branches and side branches of mother trees from 1 to 5 years of age should be used as cuttings. Branches of trees after harvesting can also be selected from cuttings. After the autumn leaves are cut, the cuttings are cut, and then the cuttings are cut to a length of 8 to 10 cm, a diameter of 0.3 to 10 cm, a distance of 1 cm from the upper bud, and a 0 cm from the lower bud to a depth of 5 cm. Each cutting is retained to 4 to 5 pieces. bud. After being bundled, they are put on 5cm thick wet sand, and then they are directly inserted into the sand nursery after the soil is thawed. The insertion depth is limited to one bud that can be seen at the top of the cutting, the spacing of the cuttings is 10cm20cm, and water or water is added after the insertion to keep the soil moisture. Cuttings that have not been treated with winter wet sand should generally be cut in late February to late March. In order to improve the cutting survival rate, the cuttings were soaked in 100 mg/kg ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution for 12 hours or treated with 500 mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid powder and then inserted directly into the vermiculite or yellow sand seedbed. About 60cm away from the bed, a bamboo scaffold was erected on the scaffolding and covered with a plastic film to keep the air and soil moisture in order to facilitate rooting. Spring plugs generally take root after 40 to 75 days after transplanting, and they are transplanted to the nursery in the rainy season, with a spacing of 15cm30cm. After the planting, it was soaked with water for 1 time. After 3 days, it was soaked once in the morning and in the evening. The normal field management is the same as the general management of the nursery [1]. The stage of cuttings was young and properly managed. The rooting rate of hardwood cuttings was above 80%, and the seedling height was 50-180cm.

2. Green branch cuttings: In early June, the cuttings were cut from the young twigs of the younger age of the mother tree and semi-lignified in the same year, and the cuttings were carried with 2 or 3 leaves. However, to reduce water evaporation, the blades can be cut in half [7]. The cuts below the cuttings were about 5 cm from the leaf buds, and cuts were mostly made with oblique incisions [7]. The cuts will be quickly cut into 50mg/kg ABT rooting powder 1 solution, inserted deep 2 ~ 3cm, soak 0 5 ~ 1h. The cuttings should be cut and treated in the morning and at night, so that with the spray, the rooting agent can be used with cuttings. Seedbed width 1 2m, depth 30cm. The matrix is ​​vermiculite, ash, river sand and so on. The vermiculite should not be disinfected; the fresh ash should be rinsed with clean water several times to reduce the alkalinity; when the river sand is used for the first time, it should be washed with large water and then exposed for several days. The used river sand should be 0 5% fort. After Marin solution was sterilized, it was sealed with a plastic film for 1 day and then rinsed with fresh water. Before the cuttings, the seedbeds were irrigated with water, ditched and inserted, and the insertion depth was 2 to 4cm. The lower blades of the cuttings were slightly separated from the bed surface. The cutting density is not suitable for touching between the cuttings. After spraying, spray water once, cover plastic film bow-shaped sheds, and then set up a frame of 1 2 to 15m high. Use straw or shade nets to shade the top and sides to maintain 20% to 30% light transmission. rate. Where conditions permit, it is best to use electronic intermittent leaf spray device for full light spray seedlings.

3. Seedling management: in the early stage to do a good job leaf spray moisturizing, disinfection and disease prevention, ventilation and water cooling and other work; in the medium term to remove the film and gradually remove the shading seedlings mainly; late to do a good job Remove weeds, fertilize, etc.

(3) Grafting and raising seedlings

1 to 2 a raw, diameter 1.5 to 2 cm seedlings were used as rootstocks, 1 to 2 years old twigs were used as scion, grafting in the sap flow season. There are grafting and budding grafting methods. Branching is generally conducted in April. Premature grafting has a low survival rate, too late grafting affects shoot growth. Branch grafting methods using splicing method and subcutaneous connection method. The key to influencing the survival rate of grafting is that the spud noodles should be smooth and smooth, and the scion and the forming layer of the rootstock should be aligned and tied to be moderate. Bud grafting should be carried out from late July to mid-August. The square bud connection is better than the “D” bud connection. The key technology of grafting is to gently insert the plastic film strip between the bud and the skin and bind it well so that the bud is The endothelial layer and the rootstock are in close contact to facilitate the healing between the scion and the rootstock and improve the graft survival rate. The survival rate of eucalyptus grafting is generally above 80%. Branches then grew 80-160cm in length, with a ground diameter of about 0-8 to 15cm.

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