Saline-alkali land is a kind of salt accumulation. It means that the salt contained in the soil affects the normal growth of crops. According to the incomplete statistics of UNESCO and FAO, the area of ​​saline-alkali land in the world is 954.3 million hectares, of which China is 99.13 million hectares. The formation of alkaline soil and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in the soil, so the degree of alkalization is generally high, and the plants in the severe saline-alkali soil area can hardly survive.

China is a large country of saline-alkali land, ranking third among the top 10 countries in the area of ​​saline-alkali land. China's saline-alkali land is distributed in 17 provinces and regions including northwest, northeast, north China and coastal areas. The saline-alkali wasteland and the total area of ​​saline-alkali land affecting cultivated land exceed 500 million mu, of which the agricultural development potential accounts for more than 10% of the total cultivated land in China. Saline-alkali distribution area:

1. Eastern coastal salt and sea

It is estimated that there are 210 million mu of shallow seas and tidal flats on the 15-meter isobath. The coastal areas of Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, and Liaoning provinces in the north of the Yangtze River estuary have a land area of ​​15 million mu. According to relevant information from Jiangsu Province, the area of ​​tidal flats in Jiangsu Province is 9.8 million mu. The characteristics of the coastal salt soil are high salt content in the whole soil, and the salt composition is mainly chloride.

The coastal salt soil area of ​​Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces south of the Yangtze River is small. Here, the rainfall is large, the soil leaching effect is strong, and the coastal salt soil formed by the seawater immersion is gradually washed down into salinized soil by washing the salt with rainwater. The average salt content of a 1 meter soil is less than 0.6%. Acidic alkaline soil is formed by the influence of forest biomes. The salt composition is mainly sulfate, and the soil is slightly acidic.

2. Saline soil in the Huang, Huai and Hai Plains

According to satellite data, there are about 20 million mu. After a long period of governance and improvement, the area has been greatly reduced. The surface layer forms a salt crust of 1-2 cm thick, and the salt content is above 1%, and the salt content in the soil layer below the crust is reduced to about 0.1%.

3. Saline soil in the Northeast Plain

The most in the Songnen Plain. According to statistics from the three northeastern provinces, there are 47.959 million mu of saline soil and alkaline soil. Among them, there are 21 million mu of development and utilization. The saline soil in the Songnen Plain is mostly soda-alkali soil. The soil has low salt content, contains sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and has a high PH value. It is highly toxic to plants and has many spotted light plates. However, the soil and alkaline soil organic matter content is high, the soil texture is heavy, and the water retention and fertilizer retention performance is good. Once developed and utilized, the crop yield is high.

4. Semi-inland inland saline soil

Including Inner Mongolia's Hetao Irrigation District, Ningxia Yinchuan Irrigation District, Gansu Hexi Corridor, Xinjiang Junggar Basin, etc., there are tens of millions of acres. The salt and alkali components are complex. There is a large area of ​​alkalized soil in the Yinchuan Plain of Ningxia.

5. Qingxin Extremely Arid Salt Soil

There are tens of millions of acres of saline-alkali land in the Tarim Basin, Turpan Basin, and the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai. The patch distribution area is large. The soil has a high salt content, and the surface often forms thick and hard salt crusts. The entire section has a high salt content.

Saline-alkali land is an important type of land desertification. The use and improvement of saline-alkali land is the current needs of agricultural development. The saline-alkali vegetation can not only improve the saline-alkali land, but also the greening environment. The common saline-alkali plants are mainly sand dates, white peony and white willow.

Hu Yang

Populus euphratica has strong adaptability, salt and alkali resistance, cold tolerance, early resistance to air and dryness, strong root system and strong sprouting power. It is the only natural tall tree species in the wild sand front. Populus euphratica can grow forests with a pH of 9.3 and a salt content of 1.4759%, and it grows vigorously. Populus euphratica not only absorbs salt and alkali, but also has the special ability to exclude salt and alkali. Populus euphratica can grow on the soil of the sulphuric acid potted crab, and can also grow on the salt soil and soda salt soil.

2. Shazao

The sand date is mainly produced on the salt soil mainly based on sulphate. It can also grow normally on the salt soil of sulfate and chloride when the total salt content is 0.4%. Sand date also has the effect of reducing soil salinity. It has been determined that the total salt content in the 0-60 cm soil layer in the jujube forest is 68.4% lower than that in the 3-4 year old forest. Tests have shown that: Shazao has strong salt tolerance, although growth is inhibited, and it can still be forested through good tending management.

3. White 榆

White peony is suitable for clay loam with a soil salinity of about 0.3%. On the desalted saline-alkali soil, the degree of alkalization of the soil is a limiting factor that directly affects the growth of white peony. The degree of soil alkalization is 13%, and the white peony can grow normally. When it reaches 20.1%, the growth is poor. When it reaches 25%, the growth is extremely poor or death. Therefore, Bai stealing can choose to plant afforestation on salt-densified soil with a salt content of 0.8% or less.

4. White willow

Bailiu can grow on the saline soil with soil salinity of about 0.3% in the coastal area of ​​Shandong. Bailiu is resistant to water and wet, and has a large amount of transpiration, which can effectively reduce the groundwater level and prevent the secondary salt of the soil. The white willow can be in low humidity. The salty soil with a salt content of less than 1.0% is used as a common tree species for greening and shelterbelts.

5. Amorpha

Amorpha fruticosa is not a halophyte itself, but it has salt-blocking ability and is also resistant to salt and alkali. Amorpha fruticosa is resistant to water mites and has strong anti-tsunami ability. It not only has alkali resistance, but also has the effect of improving saline-alkali land. In the inland saline-alkali land of Hebei Province, the amorpha forest is constructed, and the salt content of the soil can be reduced by one thousand points within five years. Six drops to one in two, and a large amount of fertilizer, feed, fuel and woven raw materials are also available.

6.枸杞

The important medicinal value of the pot is the true salt-producing tree species suitable for the growth of saline-alkali soil. The salt-tolerant ability is close to the strange willow, and it grows vigorously on the alkaline soil with a pH of 8.6.

7. Poplar

The poplar varieties suitable for afforestation on saline-alkali land mainly include: arrowhead poplar, cooperative poplar, Xiaomeihan, Xiaomeijia, Liaoyang, Xiaoheiyang, Diantianyang, etc. Practice has proved that Jianbang Yang is in Inner Mongolia, Hubao Plain, along The Yellow River AIDS area grows well, its salt and alkali resistance is good, and the arrow rods in the Wuyuan Wuyuan and Linhe saline-alkali areas are growing well: cooperation with Yang, Xiaomeizao, Xiaomeijia, Liaoyang, etc. in the Bameng region It grows well on moderate saline soils; small black poplar can grow under the condition that the soil salt basin does not exceed 0.4%.

Arborvitae

The arborvitae has strong salt and alkali resistance. When the soil salinity is 0.2%, the growth is good, and the growth is inhibited at 0.2-0.3%.

In addition, salt-tolerant turf varieties include tall fescue, bluegrass, sorghum, and white clover.

Saline-alkali improvement measures

Water conservancy improvement Establish a complete irrigation and drainage system, so that irrigation and drainage can be separated, water management should be strengthened, groundwater level should be strictly controlled, and salt in soil should be continuously washed and removed by irrigation, flood discharge and siltation.

Agricultural technology improvement improves soil composition and structure by deep ploughing, leveling land, filling land, covering grass, silting up, covering sand, adding organic fertilizer, etc., enhancing soil permeability and accelerating salt leaching.

Bio-improved planting and turning green manure grass, straw returning, applying bacterial fertilizer, planting salt-tolerant plants, planting trees, etc., improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, improve farmland microclimate, reduce surface water evaporation, and inhibit salt return.

Chemical improvement Applying modifiers such as gypsum and sable to alkaline earth, alkalized soil and soda salt soil to reduce or eliminate soil alkalinity and improve soil physical and chemical properties. All kinds of measures must pay attention to the comprehensive use, but also to adapt to local conditions, in order to achieve the desired results.

This article URL: China's saline-alkali land is mainly distributed in which areas of saline-alkali land suitable for planting crops how to improve

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