What you should pay attention to before sowing corn
The main maize producing areas in my country are the mountainous areas of Northeast, North China and Southwest China. Spring corn is sown early, with high yield and good economic benefits. However, due to early sowing, the ground temperature is often low and unstable, which can easily cause rotten seeds. What are the precautions and countermeasures for corn planting in spring? You should know the following before broadcasting.
1. Don't plant the seeding time too early
Corn is planted too early. Due to low ground temperature, slow germination, easy flour seeding and bad seeding, head smut is prone to occur in northern areas, the weather changes abnormally in spring, and early planting is prone to spring drought and early spring cold. It is recommended to farmers My friend's corn planting time was postponed appropriately. When the ground temperature at a depth of about 10 cm has passed through 12 ℃ stably, it is a suitable sowing period.
If you plant in advance, you need to use mulch. Pay attention to the short- and medium-term weather forecasts. When the cold wave comes, water and keep it warm.
2. Choose good seeds
The indicators for weighing seed quality in my country mainly include species purity, seed clarity, germination rate and moisture.
The country has clear regulations on the purity, clarity, germination rate and moisture of corn seeds. The minimum requirement for first-class seed purity is 98%, the minimum requirement for purity is 98%, the minimum requirement for germination is 85%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13%; the purity of the secondary seed is not less than 96%, the purity is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture content is not more than 13%.
3. Avoid overlying soil with too thick, varying depths
When site preparation is extensive or the field soil moisture is too high, sowing is too deep, the seeds will cause suffocation and dead buds due to lack of oxygen. Even when the seedlings emerge, the seedlings will grow too long due to the hypocotyls in the soil, and the endosperm will become weak due to excessive consumption of nutrients in the endosperm. Seedlings, weak seedlings grow slowly, and are easily squeezed by normal plants to form short plants with no yield; in the case of dry soil, high soil temperature and sufficient light, the seeds will germinate due to insufficient water absorption. Obstructed, the emergence of the seedlings is delayed or the unearthed is dry.
Sometimes the seeds can germinate on the ground, but the root system cannot be deeply pierced, forming weak seedlings, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges, which directly affects the yield of corn.
Therefore, plots with good soil moisture can be sown more shallowly, generally at a depth of 3-5 cm; soils with loose texture and easy to dry sandy soil can be sown in depth, but not more than 8 cm. If the seeds are sown too deep or too shallow, the seedlings will not emerge well, so the seedlings should be uniform in depth and the seedlings will emerge neatly.
When planting spring corn, it is necessary to irrigate in time according to the soil moisture to ensure sufficient moisture sowing. If there is no moisture, water in advance to make moisture. Do not water the head water (the temperature of the spring sowing is unstable, and the head water will drop the ground temperature suddenly , Is not conducive to the emergence of seedlings), easy to cause low temperature rotten seedlings.
Sowing in sandy soil after rain, we must pay attention to moisture content, sowing immediately after rain, to prevent long-term loss of moisture, not easy to emerge, the most suitable soil moisture for sowing is about 75%, that is, hold it into a ball and land on the ground. Disperse immediately.
4. Avoid insufficient isolation of seed fertilizer, causing seed burning
When fertilizing the plot at one time, the base fertilizer should be applied more than 10 cm deep. When using the seed fertilizer for simultaneous sowing, the seed fertilizer isolation should not be less than 8-10 cm. The more the base fertilizer, the greater the isolation distance. Avoid burning seeds. When sowing, the distance between the seed and the fertilizer is too close. After sowing, it will be eroded by the volatilized fertilizer when the seed germinates due to rain, resulting in powdered and rotten seeds.
5. Avoid long-term excessive humidity after sowing
After sowing, continuous rainy weather is encountered, the soil moisture is too large, and the seeds are in a state of long-term flooding, which makes the seeds hypoxia and suffocates the powdered or rotten seeds. In rainy areas in the south, clear ditch and drain should be taken in time to maintain soil aeration.
6. Herbicide damage
Most farmers in the north choose to close weeds before seedlings after sowing, causing herbicide damage to many corn varieties. The maize seedlings have roots but no buds, buds but no roots, arching but not unearthed, or the appearance of a green onion after emergence. These are typical herbicide damage. When using occlusive herbicides, be sure to apply them at the indicated concentration, and avoid applying them when the concentration is too high and the temperature is too low.
Onion seedlings or whip seedlings: mainly caused by 2.4-D butyl ester phytotoxicity and overdose. Many of them are caused by spraying under low temperature conditions. Low temperature affects cell division and leads to whip seedlings.
Symptoms of Acetochlor: Increased doses of Acetochlor, especially under low temperature conditions, will hinder the germination ability of seeds, inhibit the growth of the germ, shorten the radicle, and do not grow lateral roots. The injured seedling plants shrank and the leaves twisted.
7. Underground pest damage
Underground pests that harm corn are mainly gold needle insects, cutworms, grubs, and mole crickets. These pests mainly feed on the seeds, roots, seedlings and other parts of corn with larvae, causing seedling shortage and affecting yield to varying degrees.
Soil treatment: Mix 100 ml of 20% phoxim emulsion with 25 kg of fine slag, spread it on the ground before arable land, and rake into the ground to kill grubs and golden needle insects.
Spraying Pesticides to kill: spraying pyrethroid insecticides on the ground, in addition to spraying the above chemicals to control grubs, vegetable leaves can also be mixed with trichlorfon bait to trap and kill. Conventional spraying after sunset can use about 40 ml of 2.5% dichlorvos EC and 74 kg of water to spray stems and leaves, and spraying about 2 times can effectively kill cutworms.
Sowing toxic soil: Mix 0.25 kg of 20% phoxim with 60 kg of fine soil and spread it around corn seedlings, which can effectively prevent and control underground pests.
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