What conditions and techniques are needed to grow turmeric?

Huang Jiang is a quick-climbing of Dioscorea zingiberensis, also known as the fire rattan root. A genus of the genus Dioscorea, which is a perennial grassy vine crop. Yellow ginger from the germination to the maturity of the seed, usually one year to complete a life cycle. The optimum temperature for the whole growing period of ginger is 15-30°C, the suitable temperature for seed germination is 20-25°C, the suitable temperature for budding buds is 10-18°C, and the suitable temperature for the growth of stems and leaves is 18-28°C. The suitable temperature for rhizome expansion is 20-28 °C. The suitable temperature for rhizome storage is 5-7°C. Ginger requires an annual rainfall of 600-1500 mm throughout its growth period. Appropriate soil relative water content in sprouting and emergence period is 70-80%. Suitable relative soil moisture content in stem and leaf vigorous growth phase is 65-75%, and suitable relative soil moisture content in rhizome is 60-70%. Too little soil moisture will affect the growth. Excessive water will cause mildew and lower quality. Wild turmeric was born under the forest. Although it is resistant to yin habits, but from the perspective of artificial cultivation in recent years, there must be sufficient sunlight throughout the growth period to benefit photosynthesis and improve yield and quality. Generally, the number of suitable annual sunshine hours is 1750— 2000 hours. Huangjiang has a strong adaptability to soil, and it can also obtain certain benefits by planting on some poor soils. However, it is better to use well-drained soil rich in organic matter, deep soil, loose soil and transparent properties. Poorly soiled soil has poor ventilation and ventilation, which is not conducive to the elongation and enlargement of rhizomes. Soil that passes through sand has poor water storage and fertilizer retention capabilities. The requirements for soil pH are generally between 6-8 ph. There are four breeding methods for turmeric: seed propagation, rhizome propagation, bud propagation, and tissue culture propagation. At present, rhizome breeding and seed propagation are two methods. Cultivation techniques: (1) Land Preparation Huang Jiang chooses deep-seated mountainous land, preferably sandy soil. Before the site preparation, the pig cattle fertilizer or compost of about 3,000 kilograms per acre was applied. Plowing 1 to 2 times in the ripe land, the slopes can be finished in a congruent manner. (B) sowing method 1, broadcast seed breeding: generally use field planting seedlings. The sowing period should be carried out from late March to mid-April. Seeds are mixed with fine sand or fertile soil for sowing. Shallow sowing and shallow cover are required. 2. Seeding of ginger seeds: Select a uniform, fresh and vigorous ginger block of 1 to 2 years old as a ginger, cut into 3 to 5 cm long (weighs about 15 to 20 grams), and retain 1 to 2 per ginger block. A latent and vigorous bud, about 150-250 kg per acre. Ginger planted 8000~10,000 plants per acre (fertile field, thin field density); sowing time, Spring sowing (2~3 months) and Winter sowing (11~12 months) can be selected, winter sowing is preferred; planting depth is 8~ 10 cm, cover soil thickness 6-8 cm. (III) Field management 1. Timely top dressing: 2 kg of urea was sprayed per acre in the seedling stage of turmeric (late April), and the initial flowering period (late May to early June) was 6 kg of potassium sulfate and 2 kg of urea per acre. . 2. Cultivated weeding: 2 rows of weeding and weeding before closing the line. The depth of cultivator should not be too deep, and ginger field weeds should be removed as early as possible. Near-plant weeds should be dialed manually. Where necessary, we can implement chemical weeding in Jiangtian. In the early flowering period of turmeric, when the weeds are in the 4 to 5 leaf stage, the monocotyledonous weeds can be seen as far as 10.8% per mu, and 25 ml of high-quality gaiseng EC can be used. For the malignant thatch, 10% glyphosate can be used per mu. (ie "Rongda" water agent 1 ~ 2 kg, total water 25 kg directional spray). 3, a reasonable scaffolding: generally in the turmeric plant height of about 30 cm can be set up. Frame type, can be put into "human" frame; frame material, the best bamboo; height, generally 1.5 ~ 2 meters is appropriate. 4, scientific management of water: the weather is normal in the year, you can not irrigate; severe drought, watering and irrigation to promote good growth of ginger and saponin accumulation; soil water, ginger block development, maturation is extremely Lee, it will even cause ginger pieces to rot, so it must be drained in time to prevent stains. 5. Pest control: For the ground tiger that harms underground stems and above-ground stems at the seedling stage and late stage, 90% of crystals can be used to spray and kill 500 times of the insects. For fields that are susceptible to root rot, mulch can be recorded before sowing. Seed dressing to reduce the hazard. 6. Earthworms: The combination of cultivator and earthworms should be used to promote root development to prevent the exposure of ginger blocks, increase fertility, reduce weed damage, and prevent winter freezing damage. 7. Chemical regulation: During the period of June and August of turfgrass growing period of July and August, gingko rhizome swell period, use 150 grams of paclobutrazol per mu or 4 grams of shrinkage, spray 50 kilograms of water, control the seedling to promote ginger, increase the leaf Thick, increase production. (4) Harvesting and processing of turmeric is generally suitable for digging at the end of each fall season (ie November). If fresh ginger can't be sold right away, remove the dirt (should avoid washing so as to prevent the loss of saponin), then slice and cool (dry) to facilitate preservation and transportation.

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