What are the hazards of potato late blight? How to prevent and control potato late blight?
The potato is one of the vegetables that people will appear on the table every year. Late blight may be encountered during potato planting. This disease is epidemic and devastating. It has a great impact on potato production and causes huge economic losses for farmers who grow potatoes, which seriously restricts the development of the potato industry.
First, potato late blight
Potato late blight is a major and influential factor affecting the healthy development of the potato industry. Its occurrence characteristics include a wide range of occurrence, rapid epidemics, heavy damage and large loss of storage. The potato planting area in southwest China is relatively large, the growing season is long, and the climatic environment is relatively suitable for potato growth. However, potato late blight has caused huge losses in the region and has a wide range of occurrence of the disease.
Second, the incidence of disease and the analysis of the causes
1. Climate factors
The climatic conditions are the determining factors for the occurrence and prevalence of potato late blight. Since April this year, there have been more hot and humid weather, and frequent alternating rain and rain have caused the occurrence of potato late blight than in previous years.
2, variety resistance
The main reason for the occurrence of potato late blight is the poor resistance of the varieties, and the low prevalence of resistant varieties has led most farmers to adopt the aging varieties with low disease resistance.
3, bacterial source base
Strained potato and soil-borne bacteria are important reasons for the widespread epidemic of potato late blight. First, the farmers did not carefully select when planting, so some of the seed potato bacteria; Second, in recent years, the late blight was serious, the pathogens of the diseased residues in the soil increased, which increased the initial infection source and increased the incidence.
4, cultivation management level
Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, high density, poor soil preparation, serious grassland shortage, and weak seedling growth are also one of the causes of potato late blight. Some farmers have a low level of cultivation management, poor drainage in the field, soil moisture, poor potato growth, and weak disease resistance, which have aggravated the occurrence of diseases.
Third, potato late blight prevention and prevention measures
1. Chemical control
Chemical control means is a direct and effective means to control late blight. Once the plant is found to have an morbid condition, it can be chemically treated immediately. The drug can be controlled by the drugs such as dystrophic acid, metalaxyl, manganese and zinc. After the treatment of the drug, the correct order of administration should be followed. The fungicide of the plant is divided into two types, a systemic agent and a contact agent, depending on the mechanism of action. According to the actual situation of the disease and the weather conditions, the systemic agent is sprayed once every 10 days. The contact agent is sprayed once for 7 days, the general variety only needs to be sprayed 3 times, and the susceptible varieties are sprayed 5 times at least.
2, biological fungicide prevention
Due to the early application of chemical control, some varieties of potato have certain drug resistance. Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars have made certain effects on the prevention and control of pests and diseases by insect parasitic fungi. XY mold mold is a kind, XY mold mold fermentation concentrate YFC It has certain effect on inhibiting the growth and reproduction of late blight pathogen. When the concentration of YFC is 2g/L, the inhibition rate of Phytophthora infestans can reach 63.00% and the relative inhibition rate is 25.39%, which can effectively prevent late blight. However, there is currently no feasible and positive condition for this technology.
3. Farming management measures
In addition to the drug control of potatoes, it should also be controlled from the growing environment, scientific farming management, rational fertilization, deep trenching, high ridges can effectively promote the healthy growth of potatoes, reduce pests and diseases, fertilizer can use fertilizer as base fertilizer Reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied and properly remove the weeds in the field. It is also possible to carry out cropping and rational layout of potato and corn, and rationally and effectively utilize land resources, human resources and environmental climate resources. Timely discovery of diseased plants for reasonable prevention or removal work, prevention of the spread of the source of the disease and spraying of drugs for disinfection and prevention. Chemical killing can effectively prevent the spread of pests and diseases, and the wrong seeding of crops can also effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.
4, variety improvement
Due to the large-scale use of chemical control, the bacteria have certain resistance, and the disease resistance of the variety can be enhanced by improving the crop variety. Compared with the prevention and treatment of the disease, the improvement and cultivation of new varieties is the most cost-effective preventive measure. Effectively prevent the occurrence of degradation of original varieties, and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases by rationally combining biotechnology and science and technology and cultivating new varieties.
5. Strictly control the introduction of germs
The germination work was carried out 15 to 20 days before the sowing of the potato, and the potato buds were picked up, and the diseased potato was picked up during the cutting process, and the cutter was disinfected. When selecting potato planting land resources, it is possible to choose a land with relatively deep soil, good permeability and fertile soil, which is conducive to planting potato crops, increasing crop yield and reducing the incidence of pests and diseases.
Potato late blight has caused great damage to the potato planting industry, so it has already attracted the attention of the relevant agricultural departments in the country. I believe that under the research and exploration of relevant professionals, it is possible to learn the difficulties of potato late blight.
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