The efficacy and role of Bacillus subtilis Why bacteria need to add Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis is widely distributed in nature, not only active in the external environment such as soil, plant rhizosphere, body surface, etc., but also endophytic bacteria commonly found in plants, non-toxic to humans and animals, not polluting the environment, with significant Antibacterial activity and strong resistance to stress. Bacillus subtilis grows fast and has simple nutrition. It can produce heat-resistant and stress-resistant spores. It can be made into various dosage forms. It can be mixed with chemical pesticides without inactivation, and the mass production process is simple, the cost is low, and the application is convenient and storage. Duration. It is a planting production, a must-have medicine!

Bacillus subtilis

The effects of Bacillus subtilis on plants are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Nutrition and space competition

The competitive effects of Bacillus subtilis mainly include nutritional competition and spatial locus competition. It can rapidly and massively multiply and colonize in the rhizosphere, body surface or in the soil and in the soil, effectively reject, prevent and interfere with the colonization and infection of plant pathogenic microorganisms on plants, thereby achieving antibacterial and disease-preventing effects. .

Producing bacteriostatic substances

Bacillus subtilis can produce a variety of substances with antibacterial and bacteriostatic activities during the growth process, such as subtilin, organic acids, antibacterial proteins, etc. These substances can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and even destroy the bacterial structure and kill Pathogens. Therefore, Bacillus subtilis has a good effect on the prevention and treatment of diseases such as double rot, root rot and gray mold.

Enhance immunity to promote growth

Bacillus subtilis can secrete active substances, activate plant defense systems, enhance crop immunity and disease resistance, and reduce or eliminate the harm of pathogenic bacteria to plants.

It can also promote the growth and development of a variety of plant seeds, seedlings and roots, and enhance the disease resistance of plants, thereby indirectly reducing the occurrence of diseases. Such as the increase in the formation of auxin such as indoleacetic acid, stimulate crop root development and enhance photosynthesis. At the same time, the materials that are difficult to absorb in the soil are converted into substances that are easy to be absorbed by the crops, and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the crops are promoted, and the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved.

Inducing plant resistance

Bacillus subtilis not only directly inhibits plant pathogenic bacteria, but also enhances plant disease resistance by inducing the plant's own disease resistance potential. For example, B. subtilis, a biocontrol agent against rice sheath blight, can induce the activity of enzymes (POD, PPO and SOD) related to disease resistance of rice leaf sheath cells, and achieve disease resistance.

Improve soil structure

Bacillus subtilis forms a probiotic environment in the soil, promotes the formation of agglomerate structure, improves soil fertility and water retention capacity, increases soil porosity and promotes root growth. Specifically, it accelerates the mineralization of nutrients and changes the nutrients from the inactive state and the slow-acting state to the effective state and the quick-acting state. At the same time, accelerate the humification of nutrients, secrete phytase, degrade most of the phytate in the soil; produce auxin, stimulate crop growth, increase seed survival rate and emergence rate.

Precautions for use

Bacillus subtilis is mainly used to regulate soil, spray, root irrigation, seed dressing and seed coating. Pay attention to the following points when spraying:

● Due to the small amount of use, in order to reduce waste, it is necessary to use the secondary dilution method.

● Apply before 10am or after 4pm to avoid direct sunlight and kill spores. Especially after 4 o'clock, the wet environment at night is more conducive to spore germination.

● Cannot be mixed with copper preparations, streptomycin and other fungicides and alkaline pesticides.

● Apply the best effect in the early stage of the disease or before the onset of the disease. Pay attention to evenly spray the liquid to all parts of the crop.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Bacillus subtilis

Lev Tolstoy once said: happy people are similar, and unfortunate people have their own misfortunes. So we don't have much discussion about high-quality Bacillus subtilis. Let's take a look at what these fakes are.

1 price is cheap, generally pretending with some hormones or fertilizers, that is, completely sold as fertilizer.

2 The effect is very fast, and it will take effect on the day.

3 After use, it is easy to cause premature aging of the crop, because the quality of the hormone is reduced.

In short, the true Bacillus subtilis is a biological preparation that has a good growth regulating effect on crops and soil. It is basically multifunctional, and it is impossible to work only for one point. The most important thing is that its effect is What is accumulated is that it cannot be achieved by simple fertilizer or hormones.

Studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis has the following effects on improving soil and improving crop quality.

Antibiotic effect

Antibiotic action means that the antimony can inhibit the growth and metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms by producing metabolites at low concentrations, thereby affecting the survival and activity of pathogenic microorganisms. In the past half century, many effective antibacterial substances have been isolated and purified from the metabolites of different strains of Bacillus subtilis.

2 bacteriolysis

The bacteriolysis of Bacillus subtilis is mainly manifested by adsorption on the hyphae of pathogenic bacteria and growth with mycelial growth, followed by lytic substances causing leakage of protoplasts to cause mycelium to rupture; or production of antibacterial substances by dissolving pathogen spores The cell wall or cell membrane causes pores and deformities of the cell wall to inhibit spore germination.

3 Inducing plant resistance and promoting plant growth

Inducing the resistance of plants to plants means that Bacillus subtilis can not only inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria, but also induce the plant's own disease resistance mechanism to enhance the disease resistance of plants. What is PGPR International, the rhizosphere autotrophic bacteria that promote plant growth in the soil is known as Plant growth promoting rhizobaceria, referred to as PGPR.

Among them, Bacillus subtilis has the strongest resistance, the most functions, the widest adaptability and the most stable effect. Bacillus subtilis is capable of producing cytokinins and phytohormone-like substances that promote plant growth and protect plants against pathogens.

4 protect the environment.

Bacillus subtilis is widely used in biological fertilizers. When used as a crop or soil, it can colonize the crop rhizosphere or in vivo and has a specific fertilizer effect. At present, microbial fertilizers are fertilizing soil, improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, inhibiting the absorption of nitrate nitrogen, heavy metals and pesticides by crops, purifying and repairing soils, reducing the occurrence of crop diseases, and promoting the utilization of crop straw and municipal waste. It has played an irreplaceable role in improving the quality of crop products and food safety.

5 Bacillus subtilis adsorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene and benzopyrene in soil

The water environment connected to the soil is called the soil-water environment system, in which there are a large number of soil-inherent microorganisms, and there is a biofilm on the surface, because the biofilm forms a barrier layer, and the organic pollutants are in contact with the solid substrate supporting the biofilm. Previously, it must first be reached and passed through this barrier, which strongly changes the adsorption behavior of the mineral particles or substrate, which has an important effect on the adsorption.

Recent studies have shown that due to the pollution, the soil contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The PAHs in the sediments are mainly caused by crude oil pollution and incomplete combustion of industrial or civil coal. Bacillus subtilis to phenanthrene and benzopyrene Adsorption and biodegradation studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis can be used to inoculate microorganisms, and both phenanthrene and benzopyrene can be adsorbed or biodegraded. When the concentration of PAHs in the liquid phase reaches equilibrium, the microorganisms eliminate 98% of phenanthrene.芘 eliminate 85%;

The adsorption isotherms of the inoculated samples were linear in 48h, which accorded with the linear equation. In the case of inoculated microorganisms, the adsorption characteristics of phenanthrene and benzopyrene in sediments and soils changed greatly, and the adsorption capacity of phenanthrene increased. 35 times, while the adsorption amount of benzopyrene is reduced by about 2/3;

The desorption rate of phenanthrene to soil and sediment without inoculation was 20%, and that of the inoculated sample group was 2.9%, while the desorption of p-benzopyrene was opposite to that of phenanthrene, and that of the uninoculated control group was 4%. L3%.

6 Effect of Bacillus subtilis on the respiration rate of soil microorganisms

As one of the indicators of soil biological activity, soil respiration intensity can reflect the conversion and supply capacity of soil nutrients to a certain extent. The change of respiration rate and the direction of change also reflect the sensitivity and response mode of ecosystem to stress, which is environmental safety. An important indicator of the evaluation, when the soil is contaminated by foreign pollutants, the microorganisms may need more energy to survive, and the metabolic activity of the soil microorganisms will respond to different degrees.

Studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis treated by each mass fraction has a stimulating effect on soil respiration, and the greater the mass fraction of Bacillus subtilis in soil, the greater the stimulation effect on soil respiration intensity, ie the stimulation intensity and the application quality score. Positive correlation.

7 Effect of Bacillus subtilis on soil urease activity

The application of soil enzymes as monitoring indicators to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides has become one of the research hotspots in the field of environmental science. Urease is a hydrolyzed enzyme that has been studied in the soil and is the only enzyme that has a significant effect on the conversion of urea in soil and urea utilization.

After urea is applied to the soil, it is rapidly decomposed into carbon dioxide and ammonia under the catalytic action of urease. Therefore, the reduction of soil urease activity can not only slow down the hydrolysis of urea, but also make the hydrolysate more adsorbed by the soil and effectively reduce the urea hydrolysate. The loss of ammonia volatilization may also reduce the nitrification potential of the hydrolysate.

Studies have shown that all soils treated with Bacillus subtilis have a stimulating effect on soil urease. Among them, the highest quality fraction treatment (3200mg/kg dry soil) increased urease activity to the highest on the 28th day, and the stimulation rate reached 101.07%.

The mechanism of urease stimulation by Bacillus subtilis may be due to the carbon source and nutrients of the microbial pesticides added to the growth of microorganisms, so that the number of microorganisms producing the enzyme increases, the activity is enhanced, and the urease activity in the soil is correspondingly enhanced. .

8 Improvement of saline-alkali land by Bacillus subtilis

The accumulation of salt in the soil is viscous in soil structure, poor air permeability, high bulk density, rising soil temperature, poor aerobic microbial activity, slow release of nutrients, low permeability coefficient and strong capillary action, which further aggravates surface soil salinization. The soil is cold, hard and plated. Generally speaking, when the water-soluble salts in the soil surface layer or sub-surface layer accumulate more than 0.1%, or the alkalization degree of the soil alkalization layer exceeds 5%, it belongs to saline soil. (Agricultural Assistant Daily Agriculture)

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