Tea planting technology under the farmland

Meitan County is one of the high-quality tea producing areas in Guizhou Province and is known as the “Western Tea Country in China”. From 2002 to 2005, the county implemented a total of 6507hm2 of returning farmland to forests, of which 2333hm2 was suitable for intercropping of forest tea. Planting tea under the forest on the farmland can not only consolidate the results of returning farmland to forests, but also promote the structural adjustment of the agricultural industry in the mountainous areas and increase the income of farmers, so that the land resources can be further utilized. The technology of planting tea under the cultivated land has been practiced and explored in Mintan and surrounding areas for many years, which proves to be practical and can be applied in production practice.   

Garden conditions

Selecting afforestation land for ecological benefit, or afforestation survival rate and preservation rate is low, and there is no economic benefit after 8 years to replant and renovate the plot, and its site factors such as climate, soil and landform must be It is suitable for the growth of tea leaves, convenient transportation and abundant labor resources. The local people have a certain foundation in tea cultivation and processing.  

Technical ideas   

Based on the climate, soil natural conditions and rich returning farmland resources and advanced tea cultivation and processing technology, according to the three-dimensional agricultural thought, a three-dimensional breeding model and supporting technologies for multi-species symbiosis, multi-layer configuration and multi-level energy recycling are established. We will achieve the goal of consolidating the return of farmland to forests, promoting the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, and increasing farmers' incomes.

The same type of forest tea interplanting model is a reasonable use of the resources of returning farmland. According to the different physiological habits of the tree species, rational allocation of tea and arbor species can achieve a win-win effect of ecology and economy.

Main technical measures   

The tea tree is a shrub-type tree species. The canopy is short, shrub-like, suitable for pruning, and has a strong tolerance to negative. As long as 50% of the diffuse light tea leaves under the forest can grow normally. Appropriate arbor species can reduce direct glare and produce more diffuse light. Most of the first plant species in the shoal returning farmland to forests are deep-rooted arbor species such as cedar, metasequoia, and camphor. The canopy is tall and has strong soil space and surface space complementarity with tea. Planting tea under the forest is beneficial to the arbor species.

Variety selection is suitable for the promotion of planting tea varieties in Meitan, mainly Fuding Dabai Tea, 黔湄809. These two varieties are all green tea series. In recent years, they have been planted in large areas in the counties of Yutan, Fengfeng and Yuqing.

Land preparation and fertilization of cultivated land under the forest must be carried out under the premise of protecting the first planted trees, and the planting ditch should be excavated. It is strictly required to form a groove 50cm (depth) × 60cm (width) along the contour line. The base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure, and the dosage is 22,500 to 30,000 kg/hm2, accompanied by the application of rapeseed cake or special fertilizer for tea. When fertilizing, open a “V” type small ditch in the center of the planting ditch, cover the soil after fertilization, and then plant the seedlings on both sides.

Planting

The seedlings are to be carried out from October to March, and it is best to choose cloudy or sunny after the planting. The planting density was 30,000 to 45,000 plants/hm2, and two rows of plants were planted. The wide line spacing is 1.6 to 2.5 m. The narrow row spacing is 0.4-0.5 m, and the plant spacing is 0.22 m.

Tea garden management

Tea is fertilized . Tea plantation in autumn and winter fertilization should generally be based on pond mud, human and animal manure, garbage and other farmyard manure or soil fertilizer, the application rate is 30,000 ~ 45,000 ks / hm2. It is also possible to use a cake fertilizer 2250 ~ 3000kg / hm2, urea 150 ~ 225kg / hm2 to ditch deep in the tea tree line. After the application, the soil should be covered to prevent the loss of fertilizer.

Tea pruning. The purpose of pruning is to make the tea tree have a good tree potential and a wide picking surface, and cultivate a tea awning with short, strong, wide and uniform to improve the yield and quality of the tea. The young tea tree stereotypes and pruning generally adopt the method of “cutting and cutting”, and the tree crown is cultivated by flat shearing at the end of the year. The specific method is to continuously and repeatedly top picking. The height and number of cuts can be determined according to the characteristics of the tea tree variety. The pruning of tea trees can be divided into light pruning and deep pruning.

Cover the tea garden. Taking advantage of the resources of mountain grasses, the tea garden will be fully covered. Tea planting is one of the effective measures to reduce soil erosion. Practice has proved: at a slope of 20. The tea garden did not lay grass, which was 8.2 times the amount of soil lost.

Comprehensive control of pests and diseases. Taking full account of the disease, insects, grass occurrence and environment, from the overall tea plant ecosystem, organically coordinated use of agricultural control, biological control and chemical control measures, emphasizing the effects of agricultural control and biological control, reducing the number of chemical control, Choose low-toxic, low-residue, plant-derived pesticides that are safe for humans and animals.

Pruning of arbor trees. Tree pruning is an important part of managing intercropping of forest tea. It is an effective measure to regulate the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of intercropped trees. It is also the main measure to control tea tree light and hot water in the three-dimensional composite ecological tea garden to achieve reasonable shading. The height of the branches of the arbor tree should be controlled above 1.8m. Cultivate the crown of the tree suitable for the ecological tea garden, so that the thickness of the azimuth and the leaf layer between the side branches and the side branches can be made patchy, suitable and reasonable. In addition to pruning every year, according to the needs of tea production, some large branches are removed in a timely manner, and most tea trees can be exposed to direct sunlight and intertwined with branches and leaves.

summary

The cultivation of tea under the farmland is the summarization and wisdom of the experience of the people in the long-term tea planting and returning farmland to forests. It is a concrete manifestation of the implementation of the “five combinations” in the work of returning farmland to forests. Adopting the technology of planting under the forest not only makes the limited land resources fully utilized, but also successfully explores a new way to solve the problem of the development of the follow-up industry in the returning farmland to forests and the long-term livelihood of the farmers. Returning farmland through the forest to plant tea, generally three years began to produce benefits, by the fifth year, the average value of green tea per hectare is about 52,500 yuan. The rise of the tea industry has caused a large number of rural surplus laborers to go to work in the process of picking, purchasing, processing and selling tea, and to solve the problem of rural employment and increase the income of farmers.

Scalpel

Scalpel,Blade,Surgical Blade,Standard Scalpel, Disposable Scalpel,Surgical Scalpel

Blade,Surgical Blade,Standard Scalpel, Disposable Scalpel,Surgical Scalpel

Luck Medical Consumables Co.,LIMITED , https://www.luckmedical.com