Scientists reveal the biological nature of free will
Scientists reveal the biological nature of free will
October 18, 2018 Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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Neuroscientists began to pinpoint the areas of the brain that are involved in free will perception. Image source: iStock.com
"Alien limb syndrome" may not sound like an alien, although it is still weird. The patients complained that one of their hands became a "rogue" and would reach out to get something without knowing it.
Ryan Darby, a neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, USA, said: "They are sitting on their own hands and trying to keep it moving. They are not crazy, they know that there is nothing to control their arms, at least they feel themselves Uncontrollable."
Now, a study analyzes the location of brain damage in these patients and non-sports mutated patients, revealing how the brain knows what is happening in their body. People with non-sports mutism will have scratching and chewing food before the brain becomes aware of their behavior.
This research shows how neuroscience begins to study the biological nature of free will.
Kevin Mitchell, a neurogeneticist at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, who was not involved in the study, said it was a good job and was done very carefully and thoughtfully.
For thousands of years, philosophers have been pondering the question of free will, that is, whether people are the active drivers of decision or passive observers. Neuroscientists kept "hopping" around the issue and asked why most people feel that they have free will. They tried to answer questions by observing rare cases in which people seem to have lost it.
People with alien limb syndrome and non-motor mutism have brain damage, but there seems to be no consistent pattern. As a result, Darby and colleagues turned to a relatively new technology, the lesion network mapping.
The researchers combed the literature on brain imaging studies of both types of patients and mapped all reported brain damage maps. They then plot these damage maps on brain maps that can be reliably activated simultaneously, known as the brain network. The team found that although individual lesions in patients with rare dyskinesia appear to be unexplained, these seemingly random sites belong to different brain networks.
The researchers compared their findings with those who lost some autonomic exercise after receiving temporary brain stimulation. The latter is temporarily "offline" the brain region by the low voltage electrode or the target magnetic field.
The results show that the brain network that causes voluntary movement loss matches the new lesion network of Darby and colleagues. Researchers recently published a report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which indicates that these networks are involved in volunteer movements and perceptions that people believe they are responsible for their actions and are responsible for their actions.
In patients with non-sporting mutism, their damaged neural network overlaps primarily with a region of the brain called the anterior cingulate cortex, while the anterior cingulate cortex participates in autonomous movement. There is some overlap between some injured areas of the alien limb syndrome and the border of the dome, and the border of the dome is closely related to self-awareness and behavior. But in fact the main overlap area is a region that is rarely studied - the anterior wedge, which is also related to self-awareness.
Mitchell believes these findings are interesting, but warns that just because lesions can reveal that brain networks are related to cognitive function does not mean that researchers understand which functions are really needed and which are not. He said: "If you remove the steering wheel of the car, it is obvious that you will have trouble manipulating the car. But if you only have one steering wheel, you can't turn."
Darby cautions that although will and initiative are factors related to free will, this new study does not attempt to answer the primary question of whether the human brain is responsible for its own decisions and actions.
However, this is still a “very popular paperâ€, says neuroscientist Patrick Haggard of University College London, UK: “The ability to decide and act is critical to who a person is and how the society works. For a long time These problems are considered to be unanswerable by neuroscience, and this study is a good example of how neuroscience has begun to study human behavior."
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