Processing tomato cultivation technology management mode
1. Conditions of origin
1.1, temperature conditions
The frost-free period is more than 130 days, and the annual activity accumulated temperature is above 3000 °C.
1.2, soil conditions
The soil layer is deep, rich in organic loam or sandy loam, ph7.0-8.0 is suitable. It is not allowed to repeat heavy cropping. It should be carried out for 2 to 3 years with non-solanaceae crops.
1.3, irrigation conditions
The land is flat, irrigation and drainage, and can lead to irrigation of the Yellow River or machine wells.
1.4, the production environment
Should meet the requirements of ny5010-2001.
2, seed and its treatment
2.1, variety selection
Choose to adapt to local ecological conditions, disease resistance, high quality, high product varieties, such as red miscellaneous series, stone red series, sun series.
2.2, seed quality
The seed is subjected to germination test before sowing, and the seed quality should meet the requirements of the second level or above in gbl6715.3-1999.
2.3, seed treatment
a) soak the seeds with a 1.5% formalin solution for 30 minutes (min), remove and dry, wrap them in a wet towel for 30 minutes (min), then rinse the solution with water;
b) soak the seeds in warm water of 55 ° C for 20 minutes (min), take out and soak for 4 hours (h) ~ 5 hours (h) with water, remove and drain the water;
c) Soak the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate for 10 minutes (min) for 15 minutes (min) and wash with water.
3, soil preparation and base fertilizer
3.1 Site preparation
The autumn depth is 20cm~30cm, and it is turned over every 3 years to break the bottom of the plow and loosen the soil. On the basis of filling the autumn water, the sputum is carried out before freezing and early spring to reduce the dispersion of water and create a loose surface for the soil.
3.2, base fertilizer
Combined with autumn turn, apply 3,000kg~5000kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure per acre (667m2).
4, sowing
4.1, sowing time
4.1.1, seeding after mulching, the temperature is stable and the seeding is started by 15'c. In the normal year, the tomato is sown from April 10 to 20, and the late tomato is sown from May 1 to 10.
4.1.2. Cover the membrane after sowing, and sow it from April 1st to 5th.
4.2, ridge
Artificial or mechanical ditching ridges, ridge back width 80cm, furrow width 40cm, ridge height 18cm. The yield per acre (667m2) is 70g~80g.
4.3, film
Use a film with a width of 70cm, 90cm or 120cm. The film should be straightened and flattened.
4, sowing
method
Manually spotted on-demand, 5 to 7 capsules per hole, and the seeding rate per acre (667m2) is 75g to 80g. The early-maturing variety is 35cm, and the seedlings are 3,000 to 3,200 per acre (667m2); the mid-late and late-maturing varieties are 40cm, and 2800 to 3,000 per acre (667m2).
4.4.1, first mulching after filming. The film was mulched one week before sowing, and the hole was burrowed according to the prescribed plant spacing. The hole depth was lcm. After sowing, the finely divided wet soil was covered with lcm, and then the fine dry soil was covered with 2 cm.
4.4.2, first filming after sowing. Dig a hole according to the specified plant spacing, the depth of the hole is 8cm~10cm, digging into the bottom of the pot shape, the upper mouth is 10cm in diameter, and the wet soil is covered by 0.5cm after sowing.
5, field management
5.1, irrigation
In the seedling stage, water is generally not watered. If the sputum is poor, it is better to use shallow water for shallow irrigation. Generally, the water can flow to the ground. The seedling period is not watered for 15 days to 20 days. After the first ear is sitting, the seedlings are finished. During the fruiting period, you should look at the sky, see the ground, and see the seedlings watering. When watering, do not exceed the noodles. It should not be watered for 10 days to 15 days before harvesting.
5.2, cultivating
In the seedling stage, shallow cultivating, deep cultivating in the flowering and fruiting period, ploughing more than 7cm, breaking the shovel and loosening the soil.
5.3, top dressing
After the fruit is placed, the fruit water is combined with the water, and 10 kg of urea is applied per acre (667 m2) or the fermented manure is poured with water. ,
5.4, ​​simple bracket
In case of poor drainage in the rain, you can use a sunflower stand, scrap wire, etc. to set up a simple bracket.
5.5, pest control
5.5.1 Prevention and treatment of early blight
The central diseased plants were found to be in time for drug control. It can be sprayed with 50% chlorhexidine WP 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, or 70% mancozeb WP 500 times.
5.5.2, prevention and treatment of viral diseases
It was found that the central diseased plants were treated with chemicals in a timely manner. Generally, it is sprayed with 1.5% of the phytotoxic No. 2 emulsion 100 times or with 5% of the bactericidal water clearing agent 400 times.
Agricultural knowledge
5.5.3, prevention and control of leaf mold
The diseased plants were found to take timely drug control. Use 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution or 50% more mold Wet powder 1000 times liquid spray.
5.5.4, prevention and treatment of umbilical rot
Increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizer, and find that the diseased plants take root dressing in time. Spray with 1% calcium phosphate or 1% calcium nitrate or 1% calcium chloride on the leaves, spray once every 10 to 15 days, 2 to 3 times.
5.5.5, pest control
Kill 1500 times with 2.5% enemy or 300 times with 0.6% matrine plant pesticide, or use 50% anti-Poly 1500 times solution to control aphids. 5.5.6. Highly toxic and highly residual pesticides that are not allowed to be used. 6. After harvesting the fruit, it should be harvested 4 times to 5 times in due course.
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