Poultry farming is not suitable for four
Broiler chickens should not be long-term oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline, as a drug for preventing poultry diseases, has a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of intestinal bacterial infections. In addition, oxytetracycline is relatively cheap and easy to purchase. Therefore, many chicken farmers like to use it as a drug additive to feed chickens in feeds. This method has obvious short-term application effects and has few side effects. However, the long-term use of oxytetracycline feeding chickens, it is easy to damage the liver, causing chicken ascites, causing a large number of deaths, and economic losses to chicken farmers.
Two generations of chickens should not be nested together
For broilers and laying hens, the system of "all-in, all-out," feeding system should be adopted. That is, when the previous batch of chickens arrives at the treatment, they must all be processed in time. Then thoroughly disinfect the sheds, cages and all utensils.
Cage chickens should not be fed fresh vegetables
Free-range chickens can supply a large amount of fresh vegetables for their free intake, while cage chickens cannot. Because when adding green vegetables, they must be panned and chopped. In the process, it will inevitably cause the end of the vegetables to be contaminated with bacteria or parasite eggs. The caged chickens have a small amount of activity and a single feed intake. If the caged chickens are fed with too many fresh green vegetables, the chickens can easily cause diarrhea and even cause diarrhea. As a result, the nutrients in the food are too late to be absorbed and they are excreted. The chicken's constitution weakens and its resistance to disease decreases. Cage chickens and vegetables should be fed once a week, no more than 1/6 of the day's diet.
It is not advisable to put ash in the poultry house
Farmers often put ash in the poultry house, saying it was to keep the poultry house dry and absorb moisture. In fact, this practice is unscientific. Because the poultry are not happy, the plant ash will fly everywhere and cause damage to the poultry's respiratory tract. In addition, the main component of plant ash is potassium carbonate. If it is mixed with poultry manure, it is prone to chemical reactions and produces ammonia gas. Light can increase the respiratory secretions of poultry, impede growth and development, reduce egg production; severe cases can cause throat edema in poultry, there are acute diseases such as necrotic bronchitis, pulmonary hemorrhage. Poor ventilation in poultry houses is more harmful. Therefore, the plant ash must not be used for the poultry house. It is better to use raw soil, hay or turf to mix the soil and replace it frequently to keep the poultry house clean.
Preparation of Fenebute
1. Prepare the first intermediate
Benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate into ethanol, stir at room temperature under the catalysis of organic alkali reaction with filter cake filtration after 45 ~ 50 h, after the completion of the filter with ethanol elution filter cake, dry cake solids, then ethanol filtrate concentrated to a quarter of the original volume, to cold, concentrate filtering alcohol washing, solid, merging two solid is the first intermediate; The mole ratio of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ethanol is 1:2.5 -3:12-15.
2. Prepare the second intermediate
The first intermediate is added to the mass concentration of 20% sodium hydroxide solution, and the reaction is stirred at 85-90°C for 2-5 hours. After filtration, the filter cake is used for filtration. After filtration, the filter cake is washed, the filtrate is combined and cooled, and the filtrate is cooled by stirring for 3h. Solid second intermediate; The mass ratio of the first intermediate to the sodium hydroxide solution is I: 1.8-2.0;
3. Prepare the third intermediate
The second intermediate was dissolved in pure acetic anhydride solution for reflux 3 ~ 5h. After the reflux, the acetic anhydride was concentrated and dissolved with toluene. After the dissolution, ammonia water was added, and the reaction took place at 60_65°C for 1 ~ 1.5 h. Filtrate, wash and dry the precipitated solid to get the solid third intermediate; The mass ratio of the second intermediate, pure acetic anhydride solution, toluene and ammonia water is 5:1-1.2:0.5-0.8:0.5-0.8;
4. Prepare Finebute
The third intermediate was dissolved in 25% sodium hydroxide solution and cooled to _5°C ~ 10°C. After cooling, sodium hypochlorite was added slowly within 15-20min for 1h reaction, followed by ice bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h and water bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h. Finally, the temperature was gradually increased to 60 ~ 80°C for 1-5 h, and the reaction was cooled again after completion. After cooling, hydrochloric acid was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 2, and the decolorization was stirred at room temperature. After filtration, sodium hydroxide was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 6-7, and the cooling was stirred for 2 hours. The mass ratio of the third intermediate, sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hypochlorite is 1.0:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.1.
Preparation of Fenebute
1. Prepare the first intermediate
Benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate into ethanol, stir at room temperature under the catalysis of organic alkali reaction with filter cake filtration after 45 ~ 50 h, after the completion of the filter with ethanol elution filter cake, dry cake solids, then ethanol filtrate concentrated to a quarter of the original volume, to cold, concentrate filtering alcohol washing, solid, merging two solid is the first intermediate; The mole ratio of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ethanol is 1:2.5 -3:12-15.
2. Prepare the second intermediate
The first intermediate is added to the mass concentration of 20% sodium hydroxide solution, and the reaction is stirred at 85-90°C for 2-5 hours. After filtration, the filter cake is used for filtration. After filtration, the filter cake is washed, the filtrate is combined and cooled, and the filtrate is cooled by stirring for 3h. Solid second intermediate; The mass ratio of the first intermediate to the sodium hydroxide solution is I: 1.8-2.0;
3. Prepare the third intermediate
The second intermediate was dissolved in pure acetic anhydride solution for reflux 3 ~ 5h. After the reflux, the acetic anhydride was concentrated and dissolved with toluene. After the dissolution, ammonia water was added, and the reaction took place at 60_65°C for 1 ~ 1.5 h. Filtrate, wash and dry the precipitated solid to get the solid third intermediate; The mass ratio of the second intermediate, pure acetic anhydride solution, toluene and ammonia water is 5:1-1.2:0.5-0.8:0.5-0.8;
4. Prepare Finebute
The third intermediate was dissolved in 25% sodium hydroxide solution and cooled to _5°C ~ 10°C. After cooling, sodium hypochlorite was added slowly within 15-20min for 1h reaction, followed by ice bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h and water bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h. Finally, the temperature was gradually increased to 60 ~ 80°C for 1-5 h, and the reaction was cooled again after completion. After cooling, hydrochloric acid was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 2, and the decolorization was stirred at room temperature. After filtration, sodium hydroxide was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 6-7, and the cooling was stirred for 2 hours. The mass ratio of the third intermediate, sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hypochlorite is 1.0:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.1.
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