Peach tree shaping knowledge winter trim "three basis"

Pruning is an important part of peach cultivation management. Winter pruning is an important part of the entire pruning. Now that the winter season has arrived, some fruit growers have already started pruning in winter. In order to make everyone aware and reasonable in the pruning process to avoid blindness and subjectivity, we will now talk about the main points of the peach tree.

Peach tree winter pruning look characteristics

Different fruit tree growth results have different growth habits. Peach trees are different from apples and pears in terms of tree shape and pruning methods. The degree of pruning depends on the nature of their growth. There are 7 growth habits associated with peach pruning:

1. Bright light. Peach originates from the arid regions with high altitude, strong sunlight, and low rainfall in northwestern China. Under the influence of such natural conditions, it has formed hi-light and light-sensitive characteristics. Branches, leaves, and fruits are all sensitive to light. Branches die if there is not enough light. When the leaves lack light, they turn yellow and fall off, affecting photosynthesis. If the fruit does not have sufficient light, the fruit becomes smaller, poorly colored, and inferior in quality. In response to this, the number of peach trees is not too large.

2. Dry and weak. Naturally grown peach trees have weak central branch growth and disappear even after a few years. The branches and leaves are dense and the internal litchi rapidly dies. As a result, the parts are shifted outward and the yield is reduced. This is the biological basis for the use of open-hearted trees.

3. Fast growth and early results. Peach has a high germination rate and strong branching ability. New shoots can be used for 2-4 secondary shoots a year, with large annual growth and rapid crown formation. This is the basis for early fruit production.

4. The formation of flower buds is easy, the amount of flowers is large, and it is not easy to form years. All kinds of peach fruit tree branches can form flower buds, including leggy fruit branches. The amount of flowers is 25-100 times that of Apple. Peach is not easy to form in size, but if the result is too much, the tree tends to be weak and gum disease and other diseases are prone to occur.

5. All kinds of fruits can result. It is better to set fruit on horizontal or oblique branches, especially on robust and fine fruit branches, it is easier to grow into larger fruits.

6. The apical dominance is weak, the branches are numerous, and the sharpness is large. The apical dominance of peach trees is not as good as that of apples. After a short cut of wang twigs, the growth of new shoots at the top of the shoots is larger, but it also grows several new shoots, which is conducive to the cultivation of fruiting twigs. However, when the main branch (multi-fingered main branch or lateral branch, the same below) is cultivated, the lower branch has more branches, which obviously weakens the apex and extends the thickening of the branch head. The degree of sharpness is large, so it is necessary to control the growth of the lower competition branch to ensure extension. The branches grow robustly. In addition, when the main branch angle is large, the apical dominance will turn into an advantage on the back, and there will be more leggy branches on the back, which will seriously weaken the growth of the upper branches and block more light, and should be removed or controlled in time to avoid “trees”. On the tree."

7. Shears are not easy to heal. Pruning will inevitably cause wounds, and the swarf will have a certain influence on the growth of nearby branches. The pruning of the peach tree caused a relatively large swarf to be hard to heal. The xylem of the sawdust soon dried up and dried to the depths. Therefore, the pruning strives to make the wound small and smooth, and the protective agent is timely applied to facilitate healing. The commonly used protective agents include lead oil, paint, and wax.

Peach tree trim "three basis"

Plastic pruning must be performed for the above characteristics. Some peach farmers do not understand the characteristics of peach trees. Part of the pruning method is obviously incorrect according to the cutting methods of apples and pears.

1. Determine the pruning plan and method based on the growing habit of peach trees.

(1) Peach is an extremely positive species. Therefore, it is important to consider lighting issues in pruning. Regardless of the shape of the tree, one can't actually cross the branches, overlap and shading each other. To reach the growing season, you can see the light, which is what we usually call “high light efficiency”.

(2) Peach trees are the result of new branches. Therefore, in the pruning of the old branches had peaches last year must be removed (strong trees can stay part, single branches updated to remove the weak branches of the former knot fruit, leaving the posterior branch of the available new branches), leaving only the spring of the year The appearance of a healthy, full-grown flower bud 30-50 cm long, chopsticks thickness of the year when the new branches for the next year's peach branches.

(3) Peach grows very strongly in polarity, and it is very prone to occur in the posterior branchlets of internal malleolus and stem branches and the explantation of the investigation sites. Therefore, we must take more measures to prevent the situation, such as sparing no efforts to stay small, leave the old to stay new, stay clear before leaving, and stay behind.

2. Determine the different tree shapes based on different planting densities of peach trees.

(1) For peach trees planted in high density, the “main trunk shape” of 333 plants planted on 21 acres should be adopted. This kind of tree management is the simplest, most convenient and most prone to high yield. Many people can't believe that 21's planting density will be successful. They think that the peach tree grows quickly and is full of plants for a few years. Not to mention it is too dense. In reality, it is too dense. The tree roots of a tree allow the occupied nutrient area to be very small, and the nutrient supply is limited. As long as the old people stay in the new year to stay in the old age, it is not easy to seal it, and it can also use its growing characteristics. Realizing early fruits will benefit early. For example, a 21-planted peach tree occupies only 2 square meters, and the density of 34, if shaped in a single-layer flat shape, is more likely to cause inter-row crossings, crossovers between plants, crossing, and falling more easily sealed.

(2) Planting cultivation, for example, the Taoyuan of size 34, originally managed according to the shape of the tree on the back floor, does not appear to cross between rows and lines, and overlaps are still managed by the single-level flat-shape tree-shaped pattern. If cross-over overlaps have occurred, it is necessary to select on each main branch for strengthening the sturdy twigs growing on each main branch (unbranched erected futile long branches or secondary branches with divisions). 1- 2 small flowers. Small main branch spacing needs to be more than 1 meter, and small main branch height should be within two meters. The total number of small branches of the whole tree can be about six, making it from a single-layer flat happy shape into a "more than one main dry shape" (can also be called trunk + happy shape).

(3) Slightly sparsely cultivated, such as 32 or other planting specifications, should be maintained in the original spindle shape, inverted trunk shape, inverted chevron shape, and one-side inverted shape management as long as they do not overlap or overlap and cannot be efficiently used. . However, we must pay attention to the need to apply a new branch with a length of 30-50 cm. The result is that the branch is not short-cut, and the old branches with peaches are removed each year, and the large fruiting branches are removed, so that the fruit trees can be preserved every year. While not declining, it can also send enough fresh peach knots next year. If the above can be done, these trees can still go to bed, and they can still produce a lot, without having to reshape them.

3. Based on different tree potential, determine the amount of sticking.

A peach tree that grows with a moderately strong midwinter, and the branches left after the winter cut is converted into a one-meter-long peach branch, can produce 1 kilogram of high-quality peach. According to this standard, when the winter shears can be calculated based on the strength of the land, the age of the tree and the size of the coverage, calculated a coexistence of the remaining branches. For example, in peach trees of 4 years or more, if the resident produces 10,000 pounds of peach per mu, 30-50 cm long peach branches may be left to 10 000-12000 per mu. If the tree vigor is strong, the amount of branching and production may be slightly larger, the tree vigor is weak or the tree age is small, and the coverage rate is less than 75%, and the amount and production of mu branches may be less.

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