Melon organic ecological soilless culture technology in greenhouse
Cultivation system
l. The trough is constructed in the north-south direction of the trough. It is constructed with bricks, plastic plates, cement boards, etc. It is 15 cm to 20 cm in height, 48 cm in inner diameter, and 80 cm in slot distance. The bottom of the tank is covered with 0.1 mm polyethylene film to isolate the soil pests and diseases, and a 3 cm thick substrate is laid on it.
2. Two irrigation drip irrigation belts are installed in the irrigation system.
3, the main use of peat culture substrate: slag = 4:6, or peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:2:1 mixed matrix, each matrix by adding 15 kg of chicken manure + 3 kg of vermiculite compost, or 10 kg of sterilized chicken manure + 3 kg of bean cake + 2 kg of vermiculite compound fertilizer.
Second, the mouth arrangement
In the Huang-Huai Region, the winter and spring stalks are usually planted from late September to early October and harvested from mid-February. Autumn and winter crops are planted from late July to mid-August, and harvesting starts from November to December. Early spring and summer cultivation was planted in early January, planted in mid-February and harvested in May.
Third, soilless seedlings
l, selection of good varieties should be selected resistant to low temperature and high humidity, fast growth, compact plant type, fruit shape neat, high sugar content, fleshy or crunchy succulent, sweet and sweet varieties, such as Elizabeth, champion, honey world, Marshal, etc. .
2. Seedling substrate and seedling disc preparation and nursery substrate is formulated as a mixture of turfgrass: vermiculite=2:1 in a matrix. Each matrix is ​​supplemented with 5 kg of sterilized chicken manure and 0.5 kg of vermiculite compound fertilizer. 50 or 72 holes are used for the nursery tray.
3. Seed sowing and sowing before sowing with warm water 55 °C -60 °C for 10 minutes, stirring continuously to 30 °C, soaking for 6 hours - 8 hours. Then use 50% carbendazim WP 500 times soaking species for 1 hour, then remove and drain, set at 28 °C -30 °C for 24 hours -36 hours. When most of the seeds are germinated and sown into the seedling tray. About 50 grams of seeds per 667 square meters.
4, strengthen the management of the substrate temperature after sowing to maintain about 30 °C, when about 50% emergence, timely removal of plastic film. After the emergence of the room temperature during the day to maintain 25 °C -28 °C, night 20 °C -22 °C, can not be lower than l5 °C. Miao Qi should be gradually ventilated to prevent high temperature and humidity, pay attention to increase light and moderate watering.
Fourth, colonization
When the seedlings grow to 3 leaves 1 heart or 4 leaves 1 heart can be planted. In the first half of colonization, the substrate was placed in a cultivation tank, and the water was poured flat, and the drip tape was installed and covered with a film. The temperature of the substrate in the greenhouse is stable at l8°C to 20°C. It is planted on sunny days in the morning with a planting distance of 30 cm to 35 cm from the planting site, and 2200 plants are planted at -2500 plants per 667 m2, followed by irrigating.
V. Field Management
1, temperature melon is a warm crop, the need for higher temperatures and greater temperature difference between day and night, after planting 27 °C -30 °C during the day, not less than 20 °C at night, the substrate temperature of 27 °C or so. Before flowering, it is 25°C-30°C during the day and 15°C at night, and the substrate temperature is about 25°C. Flowering during the day 27 °C - 30 °C, night l5 °C -l8 °C. The fruit enlargement period is 28°C-32°C during the day and 15°C-20°C at night. During the maturation period, it is 28°C-30°C during the day and 15°C at night, and the substrate temperature is not lower than 20°C-23°C. Temperature difference between day and night, the results of the first 10 °C -l3 °C, the results after about 15 °C is appropriate.
2, light melon is very happy light, adequate light, the plants grow robust, less disease, good quality. When the light is insufficient, fertility is inhibited, the plants are thin and weak, and only flowering is not strong. There are 12 hours of light each day, and the plant female flower differentiates the light compensation point 4000 lux and the light saturation point 5500 lux. In order to increase the light intensity, a light curtain can be attached to the back of the greenhouse.
3. Water is usually watered at 10 o'clock every morning for 10 minutes. High temperature, strong sunshine and rapid fruit expansion can be re-injected at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. Rain, snow and even cloudy days can be poured every 2 days; 10 days before harvesting. Reduce watering.
4, nutrient supply topdressing l every 15 days, according to each side of the matrix 2 kg of mixed fertilizer every time scattered in the plant spacing (sterilized puff chicken manure: vermiculite compound = 2:1). One month before harvest, stop topdressing.
5, carbon dioxide to improve the photosynthetic efficiency, improve the quality of melon, the greenhouse should be installed carbon dioxide generator to supplement the carbon dioxide, its concentration can reach 1000Xl0-6 can be.
6, plant adjustment and pollination seedlings grow to 4 - 5 true leaves when hanging with a plastic rope. The first main vine is left alone, and all the sub-vines below the main vine are removed. Sections 8-12 are the best fruiting parts. There are female flowers in the first section of the leaf vines that grow on each vine. Zunyan leaves two true leaves topping. From 9:00 am to 10:00 am, male flowers opened on the day were pollinated. When the size of the eggs was one week later, one young fruit with a round fruit shape was left on the two sides of the main vine, and the remaining small fruits were removed. After the fruit is positioned, the vines that grow in each section will be promptly knocked out. At the same time, when the main vine has 24 to 26 leaves, it will be topped.
The double dry pruning is done when the melon seedlings are 5-6 leaves, and then the two branches are selected to stay on both sides of the stand or hanging rope, and each fruit is covered with one fruit.
6. Harvesting
When about 45 days after flowering, the melon peel showed intrinsic color, and the umbilical portion of the fruit had a unique fragrance of this species. The person who cooked the empty voice with finger shell and melon surface was ripe melon. Remove with a knife or scissors when picking. Generally, 2000 kg -2500 kg are produced per 667 square meters, and the highest is 3,000 kg or more.
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